1376:. Governmental support for any conservation measures is limited, and the crocodiles are often killed by the local populace. Long-term captive breeding and release (through PWRCC, Silliman University, and international breeding centres) is judged to be the best course to take at present, although a management program is imperative for the remainder of the wild population (most of which reside in only one protected area). In 1992, fewer than 1000 animals were estimated to remain in the wild. In 1995, that estimate was revised to be no more than 100 nonhatchlings (hatchlings are rarely counted in surveys because their survival rate is so low). One of the threats to the diminishing population of Philippine crocodile is because it is misunderstood. In mainstream Filipino society, crocodiles are considered dangerous man-eaters and compared to corrupt government officials and law enforcers. They are respected by the indigenous community: in research conducted among permanent residents of Lake Panlabuhan, a tributary of the famous Agusan Marsh, the acceptance of the crocodiles among these residents is very high and their risk perception is very low. However, the crocodile have an image problem with outsiders. To many, they are viewed as man-eaters. In reality, the crocodile is small and will not attack people unless provoked.
1343:. The Philippine crocodile wildlife populations that reside in these locations live geographically isolated from each other, which ultimately impacts their population level differentiation and decreases genetic diversity. It was historically found in parts of Visayas and until the numbers were drastically cut by, mainly, habitat destruction. These crocodiles eat ailing fish in a significantly higher proportion than healthy fish, thus improving the common health of the fish stock. By preying on the most common fish, they balance the fish population; any species which suddenly becomes dominant is put back in its proper proportion. Crocodile droppings are nutritious for the fish and contain critically important chemicals.
1704:) were feared and revered, which played a key role in their survival up until modern times. The Spanish recorded that rivers and lakes were filled with crocodiles, and people often lived and fished close to them, which alarmed most European observers. Some communities put up small bamboo fences to keep crocodiles out from certain areas and people avoided provoking them, but in general, they didn't take many specific precautions against them. There was an unspoken "peace pact" between crocodiles and people. There were very strict
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1263:). Adults rarely exceed 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in) and 90 kg (200 lb), and only the largest males attain record maximum size of up to 3.5 m (11 ft), perhaps reaching the maximum weight of 210 kg (460 lb) in exceptional individuals. Females are slightly smaller than males. Philippine crocodiles are golden-brown in color, which darkens as they mature.
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1366:. A population estimate of 100 non-hatchling individuals underlines the critical status of the species. Although this species was once found over the whole of the Philippines, it is now critically endangered. In addition, very little is known about the natural history or ecology of the species, or its relationship with
1765:). Not all crocodiles are seen as personifications of these three, but crocodiles with extraordinary traits, like being very large, being uncharacteristically docile, having strange coloration, being crippled or having visible birth defects, are often regarded as such. In several creation myths of the islands, the
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endemic to the
Philippines. It is a relatively small, freshwater crocodile. It has a relatively broad snout and thick bony plates on its back (heavy dorsal armor). This is a fairly small species, reaching breeding maturity at 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) and 15 kg (33 lb) in both
1739:
were sworn on the condition that they would die and be eaten by crocodiles if they break the agreements. Regardless, being eaten by a crocodile was regarded as an honorable death, as it ensured that the soul of the person would be safely transported to the spirit world by the crocodile via the
1390:
The killing of crocodiles seems to be the major cause of the decreasing number of this species. In northeast Luzon, a community-based conservation approach developed under the
Crocodile Rehabilitation Observance and Conservation (CROC) project was adopted with the aim of reaching sustainable
1402:
In 2007, a specialist group was founded by several people within the
Philippines, involved in crocodilian conservation. The Crocodile Conservation Society Philippines and the Zoological Institute of HerpaWorld are working on conservation breeding and release programs.
1372:, whose range it overlaps. More surveys are required to determine the present range. Initial population reduction was through commercial exploitation, although the current threat is mainly from removal of suitable habitat for agricultural purposes to satisfy a rapidly
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It was widely believed that crocodiles never attacked people arbitrarily. Thus attacks by crocodiles were regarded with fatalistic attitudes, as being the fault of the victim for transgressing taboos, or as punishment by the spirits for breaking an oath. The
Spanish
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who lead the spirits of the dead safely. Crocodiles were also believed to also exist in a sort of parallel spirit world, often interpreted as an underwater village. Several ethnic groups also consider crocodiles to be their direct ancestors, and
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The
Philippine crocodile became nationally protected by law in 2001 with the enactment of Republic Act 9147 known as the Wildlife Act. It is punishable to kill a crocodile, with a maximum penalty of ₱100,000 (equivalent to about $ 2,500). The
1445:. In one of the episodes, Barr sought to be the first person to see all species of crocodiles in the world. Fortunately, he was able to see a Philippine crocodile that was about two weeks old.
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in languages where the two species are not differentiated), they were known by various names throughout the islands. In
Spanish colonial records, the two species were often differentiated as
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Depictions of crocodiles were commonly carved into coffins or woven into funeral clothes to protect the spirit of the deceased. Crocodile teeth were also commonly worn as
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introduced resolution no. 790 on May 31, 2012, to further strengthen and augment existing laws for the protection of the
Philippine crocodile and the saltwater crocodile.
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Tabora. (2012). Detection of
Crocodylus mindorensis x Crocodylus porosus (Crocodylidae) hybrids in a Philippine crocodile systematics analysis. ZOOTAXA, 3560, 1–31.
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Hekkala, E.; Gatesy, J.; Narechania, A.; Meredith, R.; Russello, M.; Aardema, M. L.; Jensen, E.; Montanari, S.; Brochu, C.; Norell, M.; Amato, G. (2021-04-27).
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1831:"Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem"
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Erickson, G. M.; Gignac, P. M.; Steppan, S. J.; Lappin, A. K.; Vliet, K. A.; Brueggen, J. A.; Inouye, B. D.; Kledzik, D. & Webb, G. J. W. (2012).
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against killing crocodiles or eating crocodile meat. And crocodiles which attack or kill a person are always killed by the community.
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2049:
2256:"Insights into the ecology and evolutionary success of crocodilians revealed through bite-force and tooth-pressure experimentation"
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Crocodiles regarded with superstition can be generally divided into three kinds: crocodiles which are reincarnations of ancestors (
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3577:
2095:"Paleogenomics illuminates the evolutionary history of the extinct Holocene "horned" crocodile of Madagascar, Voay robustus"
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is considered to be the most severely threatened crocodile species in the world, listed as critically endangered by the
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1971:
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and warriors often traced their lineage to crocodiles. Crocodiles were also often addressed with kinship titles like
200:
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2203:"Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil"
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1988:
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was considered locally extinct in part of its former range in northern Luzon until a live specimen was caught in
611:
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is frequently used as an insult for corrupt politicians and government officials, moneylenders, and the police.
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outwards towards
Southeast Asia and the Americas, although an Australia/Asia origin has also been considered.
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eggs. The media team saved a nest from a fire ant attack. Also recorded were adult
Philippine crocodiles.
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is a crocodile, and crocodiles were often seen as guardians of the spirit world (where the dead go) and
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only to the country, went from data deficient to critically endangered in 2008 from exploitation and
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island. It is strictly prohibited to kill a crocodile in the country, and it is punishable by law.
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2154:"A time-calibrated species tree of Crocodylia reveals a recent radiation of the true crocodiles"
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until it was released in August 2007. The specimen was 1.6 m long at the time of its release.
1373:
1133:
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1411:, in 1999. That individual, nicknamed 'Isabela' by its captors, was given to the care of the
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foundation, the Crocodile Conservation Society and the Zoological Institute of HerpaWorld in
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In southern Luzon and the central islands of the Philippines, they were known also known as
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and a threat to small children and livestock. They are also associated with greed, deceit,
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sexes. A 69-kilogram (152 lb) individual was found to have a bite force of 2,736
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In modern Filipino culture, crocodiles are perceived negatively. They are regarded as
17:
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2593:"Crocodiles are not hated creatures, symbols of corruption centuries ago. Here's why"
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81:
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1886:
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551:
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3512:
1509:), but this distinction is not followed by English dictionaries and translations.
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2546:"A Cultural History of Crocodiles in the Philippines: Towards a New Peace Pact?"
2490:
National Geographic Channel Videos - Adventure Shows, Natural History & More
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van Weerd, M.; C. Pomaro, C.; de Leon, J.; Antolin, R.; Mercado, V. (2016).
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Michael Vincent F. Cruz, Alfonso G. Biñan, Jr. and Pedro G. Mendoza"].
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2001:"Crocodilian Species - Philippine Crocodile (Crocdylus mindorensis)"
2650:
2544:
Van Der Ploeg, Jan; Van Weerd, Merlijn; Persoon, Gerard A. (2011).
2480:. Senate of the Philippines 15th Congress. Retrieved on 2012-07-16.
2389:"A new future for the Philippine crocodile, Crocodylus mindorensis"
452:. They are now recognized as closely related but separate species.
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1835:
1749:
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1393:
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185:
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Crocodilian Species-Philippine Crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis)
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540:
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3445:
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1969:"Only in the Philippines - Endemic Animals in the Philippines"
1880:
1878:
429:. Conservation methods are being taken by the Dutch/Filipino
2503:"Born to Be Wild: Actual hatching of a Philippine crocodile"
1793:(amulets) for protection against disease and evil spirits.
1694:
beliefs throughout the Philippine islands, crocodiles (both
1953:
1951:
1829:
Rio, Jonathan P.; Mannion, Philip D. (6 September 2021).
481:
diverging from its closest recent relative, the extinct
1448:
The hatching of a Philippine crocodile was recorded in
2492:
channel. National Geographic. Retrieved on 2007-10-22.
2387:
van Weerd, Merlijn; van der Ploeg, Jan (2004-01-01).
2003:. Crocodilian Species List. Retrieved on 2007-10-22.
1413:
Crocodile Rehabilitation Observance and Conservation
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1759:), or shapeshifted malevolent spirits or witches (
1383:has been classified as Critically Depleted by the
445:Until 1989, it was considered a subspecies of the
2201:Michael S. Y. Lee; Adam M. Yates (27 June 2018).
398:in most Filipino lowland cultures, is one of two
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2414:Crocodylus mindorensis (Green Status assessment)
2068:Crocodilians: Natural History & Conservation
1991:. Philippine Crocodile. Retrieved on 2012-07-12.
1271:The Philippine crocodile has been extirpated in
2050:"Philippine Crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis)"
2088:
2086:
2084:
1391:co-habitation of crocodiles and local people.
515:study by Lee & Yates simultaneously using
3320:
2682:
1678:Mythology, folklore and cultural significance
8:
3727:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1910:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T5672A3048281.en
3748:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
3153:Central African slender-snouted crocodile (
2449:"'Isabela,' the croc, to be freed in wilds"
1753:), embodiments of powerful nature spirits (
538:study using DNA extracted from the extinct
3442:
3327:
3313:
3305:
3225:
3211:
3129:
2974:
2965:
2948:
2833:
2779:
2762:
2745:
2689:
2675:
2667:
2659:
2591:Madarang, Catalina Ricci S. (2021-06-23).
2013:"Wildlife Conservation in the Philippines"
1355:A Philippine crocodile swimming stealthily
531:age) data, as revised by the 2021 Hekkala
355:Range of the Philippine crocodile in blue
346:
157:
129:
31:
3703:Weerd, Mabuwaya Foundation, Merlijn van.
2289:
2279:
2230:
2220:
2169:
2128:
2110:
1908:
1858:
1848:
417:. The Philippine crocodile, the species
3144:West African slender snouted crocodile (
2410:van Weerd, M.; Gatan-Balbas, M. (2021).
2044:
2042:
2040:
1978:. TxtMania.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-22.
491:, around 25 million years ago, near the
3695:
1821:
1719:records in 1571 that his treaties with
1335:in Siargao Island, and possibly in the
3720:
1989:"Crocodile Status in Ligawasan Marsh"
7:
2034:. cepf.net. Retrieved on 2007-10-22.
3773:Critically endangered fauna of Asia
2421:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2318:IUCNSSC Crocodile Specialist Group.
2070:. Florida Museum of Natural History
1896:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1520:mountain range, they were known as
1457:. They also recorded that tropical
1441:hosted by crocodile specialist Dr.
1291:. Populations still survive in the
1123:
1066:
1059:
1028:
1003:
947:
940:
859:
829:
768:
738:
731:
723:
659:
603:
596:
589:
557:
547:
2208:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
2015:. BP.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-22.
1293:Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park
138:An adult basking on the island of
25:
1958:"Crocodile Surveys - iucncsg.org"
3758:Endemic fauna of the Philippines
3426:Famous crocodiles and alligators
3288:
2562:10.3197/096734011X12997574043008
2171:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01373.x
1154:
1097:
1041:
895:
872:
842:
751:
469:likely originated in Africa and
199:
2509:from the original on 2021-12-19
2025:"Philippine Crocodile Comeback"
1431:This crocodile was featured in
1337:Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary
380:Philippine freshwater crocodile
2455:. Inquirer.net. Archived from
1247:The Philippine crocodile is a
1:
2998:Hall's New Guinea crocodile (
2052:. Crocodile Specialist Group.
423:unsustainable fishing methods
2621:Philippine Crocodile: WhoZoo
2281:10.1371/journal.pone.0031781
2062:Britton, Adam (2009-01-01).
1477:Aside from the general term
3763:Reptiles of the Philippines
3383:Madras Crocodile Bank Trust
2447:Burgonio, TJ (2007-08-25).
1465:, eat unhatched endangered
3804:
3778:Reptiles described in 1935
3378:List of crurotarsan genera
3186:Osborn’s dwarf crocodile (
2112:10.1038/s42003-021-02017-0
1681:
1485:(which generally apply to
1374:expanding human population
632:Crocodylus thorbjarnarsoni
410:; the other is the larger
392:, and more generally as a
3284:
3224:
3210:
2964:
2947:
2761:
2744:
2706:
2353:"Manila Proceedings.indd"
1609:Central Visayan languages
1146:
1128:
1121:
1089:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1033:
1026:
1008:
1001:
972:
952:
945:
938:
887:
864:
857:
834:
827:
791:
773:
766:
743:
736:
729:
721:
684:
664:
657:
628:
612:Crocodylus anthropophagus
608:
601:
594:
587:
562:
555:
450:(Crocodylus novaeguineae)
354:
345:
327:
320:
196:Scientific classification
194:
177:
155:
146:
137:
128:
34:
3106:West African crocodile (
2755:(Alligators and caimans)
1267:Distribution and habitat
3406:Fatal alligator attacks
3155:Mecistops leptorhynchus
2923:Smooth-fronted caiman (
2914:Cuvier's dwarf caiman (
2550:Environment and History
2505:. YouTube. 2017-08-14.
2152:Oaks, Jamie R. (2011).
1717:Miguel López de Legazpi
776:Crocodylus novaeguineae
668:Crocodylus palaeindicus
3500:Crocodylus_mindorensis
3486:Crocodylus mindorensis
3456:Crocodylus mindorensis
3146:Mecistops cataphractus
3052:New Guinea crocodile (
3025:Philippine crocodile (
3016:Freshwater crocodile (
2857:Broad-snouted caiman (
2651:"Philippine crocodile"
2633:Crocodylus mindorensis
2453:Breaking News: Regions
2222:10.1098/rspb.2018.1071
2099:Communications Biology
2064:"New Guinea Crocodile"
1889:Crocodylus mindorensis
1489:but can also apply to
1399:
1360:Crocodylus mindorensis
1356:
1131:Crocodylus intermedius
1014:West African crocodile
976:Crocodylus falconensis
936:Africa+New World
794:Crocodylus mindorensis
331:Crocodylus mindorensis
18:Crocodylus mindorensis
3638:Paleobiology Database
3070:Saltwater crocodile (
3034:Morelet's crocodile (
1397:
1354:
374:), also known as the
164:Critically Endangered
3783:Crocodilians of Asia
3335:Related articles on
2989:American crocodile (
2794:American alligator (
2656:Encyclopedia of Life
2647:Mabuwaya Foundation
1932:"Appendices | CITES"
1688:In the pre-colonial
1630:, they are known as
1438:Dangerous Encounters
1409:San Mariano, Isabela
1379:Since October 2021,
1301:San Mariano, Isabela
1092:Crocodylus rhombifer
1074:Crocodylus moreletii
1036:Crocodylus niloticus
956:Crocodylus checchiai
890:Crocodylus palustris
867:Crocodylus siamensis
797:Philippine crocodile
779:New Guinea crocodile
749:Freshwater crocodile
746:Crocodylus johnstoni
447:New Guinea crocodile
415:(Crocodylus porosus)
363:Philippine crocodile
35:Philippine crocodile
27:Species of crocodile
3295:Reptiles portal
3097:Siamese crocodile (
3007:Orinoco crocodile (
2848:Spectacled caiman (
2803:Chinese alligator (
2796:A. mississippiensis
2478:"Senate P.S.R. 790"
2428:: e.T5672A567220213
2272:2012PLoSO...731781E
2048:Van Weerd, Merlijn
1903:: e.T5672A3048281.
1850:10.7717/peerj.12094
1696:C. mindorensis
1512:In northern Luzon,
1507:C. mindorensis
1491:C. mindorensis
1433:National Geographic
1347:Conservation status
1077:Morelet's crocodile
840:Saltwater crocodile
412:saltwater crocodile
313:C. mindorensis
149:Conservation status
3368:Foramen of Panizza
3079:Borneo crocodile (
3061:Mugger crocodile (
2030:2007-11-10 at the
1974:2017-08-06 at the
1784:("grandfather").
1400:
1369:Crocodylus porosus
1357:
1152:American crocodile
837:Crocodylus porosus
477:evidence supports
3768:Fauna of Mindanao
3705:"Mabuwaya - Home"
3692:
3691:
3625:Open Tree of Life
3448:Taxon identifiers
3439:
3438:
3411:Crocodile attacks
3388:The Croc Festival
3363:Crocodilian armor
3302:
3301:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3177:Dwarf crocodile (
3118:
3117:
3088:Cuban crocodile (
2959:
2958:(True crocodiles)
2943:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2830:
2815:
2814:
2776:
2756:
2334:. www.iucncsg.org
2164:(11): 3285–3297.
1987:Ross, Charles A.
1421:Philippine Senate
1333:Paghungawan Marsh
1315:in Luzon and the
1239:
1238:
1230:
1229:
1221:
1220:
1212:
1211:
1203:
1202:
1194:
1193:
1185:
1184:
1176:
1175:
1167:
1166:
1149:Crocodylus acutus
1134:Orinoco crocodile
1110:
1109:
1011:Crocodylus suchus
990:
989:
926:
925:
917:
916:
908:
907:
870:Siamese crocodile
816:
815:
807:
806:
710:
709:
701:
700:
646:
645:
376:Mindoro crocodile
359:
358:
189:
172:
16:(Redirected from
3795:
3733:
3732:
3726:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3709:www.mabuwaya.org
3700:
3685:
3684:
3672:
3671:
3659:
3658:
3646:
3645:
3633:
3632:
3620:
3619:
3607:
3606:
3594:
3593:
3581:
3580:
3568:
3567:
3555:
3554:
3542:
3541:
3529:
3528:
3516:
3515:
3503:
3502:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3443:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3306:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3226:
3212:
3130:
3043:Nile crocodile (
2975:
2966:
2957:
2949:
2834:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2763:
2754:
2746:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2668:
2663:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2541:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2384:
2375:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2333:
2325:
2319:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2293:
2283:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2234:
2224:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2173:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2132:
2114:
2090:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2059:
2053:
2046:
2035:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1985:
1979:
1966:
1960:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1912:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1862:
1852:
1826:
1463:invasive species
1297:Luzon rainforest
1158:
1124:
1101:
1067:
1060:
1045:
1029:
1004:
981:
961:
948:
941:
899:
893:Mugger crocodile
876:
860:
846:
830:
769:
755:
739:
732:
724:
692:
673:
660:
637:
617:
604:
597:
590:
571:
558:
548:
511:based on a 2018
427:dynamite fishing
350:
333:
269:Archosauriformes
256:Archosauromorpha
204:
203:
183:
166:
161:
160:
133:
123:
53:
40:Late Pleistocene
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3719:
3713:
3711:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3680:
3675:
3667:
3662:
3654:
3649:
3641:
3636:
3628:
3623:
3615:
3612:Observation.org
3610:
3602:
3597:
3589:
3584:
3576:
3571:
3563:
3558:
3550:
3545:
3537:
3532:
3524:
3519:
3511:
3506:
3498:
3493:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3450:
3440:
3435:
3431:Sewer alligator
3421:Crocodile tears
3398:
3392:
3351:
3333:
3303:
3298:
3289:
3287:
3272:
3264:False gharial (
3248:
3220:
3194:
3161:
3126:
3114:
3054:C. novaeguineae
2960:
2931:
2898:
2874:
2866:Yacare caiman (
2826:
2825:
2823:
2811:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2757:
2740:
2736:Crocodylomorpha
2702:
2695:
2644:
2639:
2616:
2614:Further reading
2611:
2610:
2601:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2543:
2542:
2521:
2512:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2488:
2484:
2475:
2471:
2462:
2460:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2386:
2385:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2311:
2307:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2092:
2091:
2082:
2073:
2071:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2047:
2038:
2032:Wayback Machine
2023:
2019:
2011:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1986:
1982:
1976:Wayback Machine
1967:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1940:
1938:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1701:C. porosus
1686:
1680:
1593:Eastern Visayas
1554:Dupaningan Agta
1499:C. porosus
1487:C. porosus
1475:
1454:Born to Be Wild
1429:
1349:
1317:Ligawasan Marsh
1313:Abra (province)
1309:Babuyan Islands
1305:Dalupiri island
1269:
1261:
1245:
1243:Characteristics
1240:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1204:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1111:
1095:Cuban crocodile
1055:New World
991:
927:
918:
909:
817:
808:
727:Asia+Australia
711:
702:
647:
505:
458:
443:
341:
335:
329:
316:
198:
190:
173:
162:
158:
151:
124:
122:
121:
120:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
48:
47:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3801:
3799:
3791:
3790:
3788:Apex predators
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3673:
3660:
3647:
3634:
3621:
3608:
3595:
3582:
3569:
3556:
3543:
3530:
3517:
3504:
3491:
3476:
3460:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3416:Crocodile farm
3413:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3309:
3300:
3299:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3260:
3258:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3236:
3234:
3222:
3221:
3215:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3183:
3173:
3171:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3150:
3140:
3138:
3127:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3103:
3094:
3085:
3076:
3067:
3058:
3049:
3040:
3031:
3027:C. mindorensis
3022:
3013:
3009:C. intermedius
3004:
2995:
2985:
2983:
2972:
2962:
2961:
2952:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2920:
2916:P. palpebrosus
2910:
2908:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2890:Black caiman (
2886:
2884:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2863:
2859:C. latirostris
2854:
2844:
2842:
2831:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2800:
2790:
2788:
2777:
2759:
2758:
2749:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2714:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2648:
2643:
2642:External links
2640:
2638:
2637:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2583:
2556:(2): 229–264.
2519:
2494:
2482:
2476:(2012-05-31).
2469:
2439:
2402:
2376:
2367:
2344:
2320:
2305:
2246:
2193:
2144:
2080:
2054:
2036:
2017:
2005:
1993:
1980:
1961:
1947:
1923:
1874:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1679:
1676:
1514:Cagayan Valley
1474:
1471:
1428:
1425:
1405:C. mindorensis
1381:C. mindorensis
1348:
1345:
1325:South Cotabato
1268:
1265:
1259:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1039:Nile crocodile
1032:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1007:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
993:
992:
988:
987:
984:
983:
971:
968:
967:
964:
963:
951:
946:
944:
939:
937:
933:
932:
929:
928:
924:
923:
920:
919:
915:
914:
911:
910:
906:
905:
902:
901:
886:
883:
882:
879:
878:
863:
858:
856:
853:
852:
849:
848:
833:
828:
826:
823:
822:
819:
818:
814:
813:
810:
809:
805:
804:
801:
800:
790:
787:
786:
783:
782:
772:
767:
765:
762:
761:
758:
757:
742:
737:
735:
730:
728:
722:
720:
717:
716:
713:
712:
708:
707:
704:
703:
699:
698:
695:
694:
683:
680:
679:
676:
675:
663:
658:
656:
653:
652:
649:
648:
644:
643:
640:
639:
627:
624:
623:
620:
619:
607:
602:
600:
595:
593:
588:
586:
578:
577:
574:
573:
561:
556:
554:
546:
521:DNA sequencing
504:
501:
457:
454:
442:
439:
357:
356:
352:
351:
343:
342:
336:
325:
324:
318:
317:
310:
308:
304:
303:
296:
292:
291:
286:
282:
281:
276:
272:
271:
266:
259:
258:
253:
246:
245:
240:
236:
235:
230:
226:
225:
220:
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
192:
191:
178:
175:
174:
156:
153:
152:
147:
144:
143:
142:, Philippines
135:
134:
126:
125:
117:
116:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
54:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3800:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3730:
3724:
3710:
3706:
3699:
3696:
3683:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3481:
3477:
3472:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3395:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3330:
3325:
3323:
3318:
3316:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3297:
3296:
3283:
3269:
3267:
3266:T. schlegelii
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3245:
3243:
3242:G. gangeticus
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3209:
3191:
3189:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3156:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3124:Osteolaeminae
3121:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2956:
2950:
2946:
2928:
2926:
2925:P. trigonatus
2921:
2919:
2917:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2871:
2869:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2850:C. crocodilus
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2832:
2822:
2818:
2808:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2778:
2768:
2767:Alligatorinae
2764:
2760:
2753:
2752:Alligatoridae
2747:
2743:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2700:
2692:
2687:
2685:
2680:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2635:- HerpaWorld"
2634:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2598:
2594:
2587:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2459:on 2007-09-02
2458:
2454:
2450:
2443:
2440:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2415:
2406:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2309:
2306:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2266:(3): e31781.
2265:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2197:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2069:
2065:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1897:
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1767:creator deity
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1636:Agusan Manobo
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1619:in Mangyan.
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1371:
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1331:in Bukidnon,
1330:
1329:Pulangi River
1326:
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718:
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705:
697:
696:
693:
689:Tirari Desert
688:
682:
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669:
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655:
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650:
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576:
575:
572:
568:
567:
560:
559:
553:
550:
549:
545:
543:
542:
537:
536:paleogenomics
534:
530:
526:
525:stratigraphic
522:
519:, molecular (
518:
517:morphological
514:
510:
502:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
485:
480:
476:
472:
468:
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455:
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428:
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420:
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406:found in the
405:
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386:
381:
377:
373:
372:
369:
364:
353:
349:
344:
339:
334:
332:
326:
323:
322:Binomial name
319:
315:
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309:
306:
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302:
301:
297:
294:
293:
290:
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284:
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93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
52:
45:
41:
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3753:Crocodylidae
3712:. Retrieved
3708:
3698:
3455:
3286:
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3253:
3241:
3229:
3187:
3179:O. tetraspis
3178:
3166:
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3099:C. siamensis
3098:
3090:C. rhombifer
3089:
3080:
3071:
3063:C. palustris
3062:
3053:
3045:C. niloticus
3044:
3036:C. moreletii
3035:
3026:
3024:
3018:C. johnstoni
3017:
3008:
2999:
2990:
2978:
2970:Crocodylinae
2955:Crocodylidae
2924:
2915:
2903:
2891:
2881:Melanosuchus
2879:
2867:
2858:
2849:
2837:
2804:
2795:
2783:
2773:(Alligators)
2734:Superorder:
2728:(unranked):
2654:
2632:
2600:. Retrieved
2596:
2586:
2553:
2549:
2511:. Retrieved
2497:
2485:
2472:
2461:. Retrieved
2457:the original
2452:
2442:
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2425:
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2347:
2336:. Retrieved
2323:
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2098:
2072:. Retrieved
2067:
2057:
2020:
2008:
1996:
1983:
1964:
1939:. Retrieved
1935:
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1900:
1894:
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1714:conquistador
1710:
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1518:Sierra Madre
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1473:Common names
1466:
1452:
1447:
1436:
1430:
1417:
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1401:
1389:
1380:
1378:
1367:
1359:
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745:
744:
686:
685:
666:
665:
630:
629:
610:
609:
581:
564:
563:
552:Crocodylinae
539:
532:
506:
482:
478:
475:Phylogenetic
464:
459:
449:
444:
414:
394:
393:
384:
383:
379:
375:
370:
367:
366:
362:
360:
330:
328:
312:
311:
299:
289:Crocodylidae
262:
249:
29:
3664:SeaLifeBase
3656:mindorensis
3547:iNaturalist
3480:Wikispecies
3399:interaction
3168:Osteolaemus
2905:Paleosuchus
2805:A. sinensis
2730:Archosauria
2699:Crocodilian
2597:Interaksyon
1916:19 November
1808:. The term
1771:psychopomps
1611:; and also
1597:balanghitao
1295:within the
1249:crocodilian
507:Below is a
408:Philippines
371:mindorensis
49:0.1–0
3742:Categories
3714:2016-03-16
3373:Gastralium
3345:crocodiles
3337:alligators
3218:Gavialidae
3188:O. osborni
3081:C. raninus
3072:C. porosus
2980:Crocodylus
2821:Caimaninae
2602:2022-05-16
2513:2020-01-02
2463:2007-09-02
2432:15 January
2361:2020-01-02
2338:2020-01-02
2105:(1): 505.
2074:2013-10-22
1941:2022-01-14
1843:: e12094.
1816:References
1802:corruption
1682:See also:
1648:balangitao
1617:burangaris
1581:barangitaw
1516:, and the
1443:Brady Barr
1398:A juvenile
1256:(615
687:Crocodylus
583:Crocodylus
513:tip dating
499:boundary.
489:Madagascar
479:Crocodylus
466:Crocodylus
425:, such as
404:crocodiles
368:Crocodylus
300:Crocodylus
279:Crocodilia
182:Appendix I
3255:Tomistoma
3240:Gharial (
3135:Mecistops
3108:C. suchus
2991:C. acutus
2868:C. yacare
2827:(Caimans)
2785:Alligator
2710:Kingdom:
2570:0967-3407
2393:Sylvatrop
2158:Evolution
2121:2399-3642
1936:cites.org
1729:Lakandula
1652:dagorogan
1601:balangita
1552:, Yogad,
1505:for (for
1495:cocodrilo
1459:fire ants
1321:Lake Sebu
509:cladogram
503:Phylogeny
493:Oligocene
456:Evolution
307:Species:
219:Kingdom:
213:Eukaryota
3723:cite web
3677:Species+
3565:10368647
3465:Wikidata
3349:gharials
3231:Gavialis
3000:C. halli
2892:M. niger
2724:Reptilia
2718:Chordata
2716:Phylum:
2712:Animalia
2578:41303508
2507:Archived
2399:: 31–50.
2300:22431965
2260:PLOS ONE
2241:30051855
2215:(1881).
2180:22023592
2139:33907305
2028:Archived
1972:Archived
1869:34567843
1806:nepotism
1721:Sulayman
1672:Tagbanwa
1624:Mindanao
1613:burangas
1450:GMA News
1341:Mindanao
1289:Busuanga
471:radiated
441:Taxonomy
431:Mabuwaya
285:Family:
243:Reptilia
233:Chordata
229:Phylum:
223:Animalia
209:Domain:
169:IUCN 3.1
3539:2441327
3471:Q272402
3341:caimans
3216:Family
2953:Family
2750:Family
2722:Class:
2701:species
2697:Extant
2653:at the
2291:3303775
2268:Bibcode
2232:6030529
2188:7254442
2130:8079395
1860:8428266
1742:rainbow
1656:Maranao
1644:Mandaya
1640:sapding
1628:Palawan
1605:Cebuano
1589:Mangyan
1577:Tagalog
1566:Gaddang
1558:Kalinga
1530:Ilocano
1526:bokarot
1522:bukarot
1501:) and
1467:bukarot
1307:in the
1285:Masbate
523:), and
497:Miocene
435:Mindoro
419:endemic
400:species
390:Ilocano
385:bukarot
338:Schmidt
295:Genus:
275:Order:
239:Class:
184: (
167: (
140:Palawan
118:↓
44:Present
3643:321262
3630:458970
3604:184236
3578:551773
3526:795279
3356:Topics
2839:Caiman
2576:
2568:
2329:"Info"
2298:
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1857:
1810:buwaya
1804:, and
1798:vermin
1790:agimat
1762:aswang
1756:diwata
1733:Manila
1727:, and
1706:taboos
1668:bungot
1666:; and
1660:bungut
1591:, and
1573:tigbin
1560:; and
1556:, and
1550:Itawis
1540:, and
1538:Ibanag
1503:caimán
1479:buwaya
1287:, and
1281:Negros
533:et al.
529:fossil
395:buwaya
382:, the
378:, the
340:, 1935
3669:67117
3617:98392
3560:IRMNG
3552:26076
3397:Human
2574:JSTOR
2356:(PDF)
2332:(PDF)
2184:S2CID
1836:PeerJ
1750:anito
1737:Tondo
1691:anito
1684:Anito
1664:Batak
1632:nguso
1585:Bikol
1562:lamig
1546:lamag
1542:Yogad
1534:Isneg
1497:(for
1483:buaya
1461:, an
1427:Media
1273:Samar
462:genus
263:Clade
250:Clade
186:CITES
180:CITES
3729:link
3682:8374
3599:NCBI
3591:5672
3586:IUCN
3573:ITIS
3534:GBIF
3513:ZKNG
3347:and
2566:ISSN
2434:2022
2426:2021
2296:PMID
2237:PMID
2176:PMID
2135:PMID
2117:ISSN
1918:2021
1901:2016
1865:PMID
1782:nono
1777:datu
1735:and
1725:Ache
1698:and
1626:and
1607:and
1385:IUCN
1364:IUCN
1277:Jolo
566:Voay
541:Voay
484:Voay
460:The
361:The
57:PreꞒ
3521:EoL
3508:CoL
3495:ADW
2558:doi
2286:PMC
2276:doi
2227:PMC
2217:doi
2213:285
2166:doi
2125:PMC
2107:doi
1905:doi
1855:PMC
1845:doi
1744:.
1731:of
1670:in
1662:in
1654:in
1650:or
1642:in
1634:in
1622:In
1615:or
1603:in
1599:or
1583:in
1575:in
1568:.
1564:in
1548:in
1528:in
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1481:or
1435:'s
1339:in
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487:of
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388:in
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3721:{{
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