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437:, the annual global amount of collectable rice straw (not total produced straw) for biofuel production was estimated about 249 million tonnes, that could approximately produce 355.78 kilotonnes of hydrogen and 11.32 million tonnes of lignin by the proposed organosolv technology and it was found that China contributes to about 32% of global potential capacity to produce biohydrogen from rice straw.
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471:, whereas cereal straw would reduce next year's soil supply of available nutrients. Over time, the nutrients fixed by soil microbes and humus are released and available to crops. Nutrients from residue are not fully recovered by crops. Just like fertilizer nutrients, nutrients released from crop residue into the soil are susceptible to losses such as
464:(fiber) content, soil moisture, temperature, and degree of mixing with the soil. N is released fairly quickly from residue when the content is higher than 1.5 per cent (such as in pea residues). In contrast, below 1.2 per cent (such as cereal residue), soil-available N is fixed (called immobilization) by the microbes as they decompose the residue.
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Because of the high carbohydrate content, crop residues can be considered as an appropriate feedstock to produce biofuels. Some algorithms have been developed to estimate the potential capacity of biofuel production from agricultural residues. Based on the experimental data obtained from a study that
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The efficiency of nutrient uptake by crops from fertilizers or residue release is generally thought to be similar. For example, about 50 percent recovery of N in the above-ground plant in the first year. There is some residual benefit of fertilizers as the crops take up a small amount of the
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as strawbed to produce crops (e.g. in strawberry cultivation). They are widely used in mushroom cultivation. The residues after mushroom cultivation can act as good substrate for composting and biofertilizer
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Thus, the practice of calculating the fertilizer equivalent value of the nutrients in crop residue is a reasonable guide to estimating the partial value of crop residues.
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or reduced-till agriculture practices are carried out to maximize crop residue cover. Simple line-transect measurements can be used to estimate residue coverage.
657:"Development of a mathematical methodology to investigate biohydrogen production from regional and national agricultural crop residues: A case study of Iran"
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nutrients two and three years later. Fertilizer placement can significantly affect the efficiency of crop uptake. The impact of residue placement (buried by
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Butterworth, M.H.; Mosi, A.K. (1986). "The voluntary intake and digestibility of combinations of cereal crop residues and legume hay for sheep".
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releases about 10 to 15 per cent of its nutrients and pea residues release about 35 percent of their nutrients by the next year.
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738:"Optimization of organosolv pretreatment of rice straw for enhanced biohydrogen production using Enterobacter aerogenes"
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of crop residues focus on the equivalent fertilizer cost of the nutrients within. Although crop residues contain both
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Ferrandez-Garcia; García-Ortuño; Ferrández García; Ferrández-Villena; Ferrandez-Garcia (28 September 2017).
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612:"Fire-resistance, physical, and mechanical characterization of binderless rice straw particleboards"
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Nutrients in most crop residue are not immediately available for crop use. Their release (called
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are materials left after the crop is processed into a usable resource. These residues include
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415:: Recent developments suggest potential use of crop residues in the manufacture of
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The stalks , leaves , husks, roots, etc. left after crop is harvested and processed
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Asadi, Nooshin; Karimi
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Richards, B. K.; Muck, R. E.; Walter, M. F. (1 January 1984).
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Thus pea residue would have short- and long-term benefits to
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The speed of mineralization depends on the nitrogen and
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used ethanol organosolv pretreated rice straw to produce
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Crop residues can be used effectively in many ways:
152:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
697:Karimi Alavijeh, Masih; Yaghmaei, Soheila (2016).
736:Asadi, Nooshin; Zilouei, Hamid (March 2017).
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53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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483:(N, P, K and S), and fixation (P and K).
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
110:Learn how and when to remove this message
661:International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
73:This article includes a list of general
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542:Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
453:are complex. As a rough guide, cereal
424:Biofuel production from crop residues
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150:adding citations to reliable sources
79:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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801:Field residue management benefits
579:Ehrlich, Brent (19 August 2019).
257:are waste materials generated by
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679:from the original on 2017-01-03
504:and efficiency is under study.
137:needs additional citations for
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754:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.073
673:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.10.021
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487:Efficiency of nutrient uptake
402:are economically significant.
374:: Most discussions about the
342:. They can be used as animal
715:10.1016/j.wasman.2016.03.025
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775:Feed resources in Ethiopia
773:Alemayehu Mengistu. 1985.
581:"MDF Made from Rice Straw"
496:or left on the surface in
406:Use in agronomic practice
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435:Enterobacter aerogenes
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261:. The two types are:
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748:: 335–344.
709:: 375–394.
475:(N and S),
431:biohydrogen
352:fertilizers
259:agriculture
92:introducing
810:Categories
683:2017-01-06
640:1 December
595:1 December
523:References
392:phosphorus
318:strip-till
302:irrigation
172:newspapers
75:references
39:improve it
554:0022-4561
396:potassium
330:, seeds,
298:seed pods
292:(stems),
278:harvested
45:talk page
821:Biofuels
789:: 14–17.
762:28042989
723:27012716
677:Archived
634:Archived
589:Archived
558:Archived
511:See also
473:leaching
388:nitrogen
336:molasses
284:include
282:residues
280:. These
250:, Sweden
494:tillage
354:and in
332:bagasse
314:no-till
306:erosion
290:stubble
274:orchard
248:Brastad
186:scholar
88:improve
760:
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564:20 May
552:
462:lignin
433:using
400:sulfur
344:fodder
310:burned
294:leaves
286:stalks
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77:, but
816:Crops
500:) on
479:(N),
455:straw
340:roots
328:husks
193:JSTOR
179:books
758:PMID
719:PMID
642:2020
597:2020
566:2019
550:ISSN
398:and
382:and
346:and
338:and
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288:and
165:news
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