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testing process for PSNEXT consists of measuring all pair-to-pair crosstalk combinations and then summing all of the values for each pair. The specification was developed to directly address the effect of transmissions on multiple adjacent pairs on the pair being tested and is relevant to all connecting hardware and associated communications cables.
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because the interference between the two signals in the cable is measured at the same end of the cable as the interfering transmitter. The NEXT value for a given cable type is generally expressed in decibels per feet or decibels per 1000 feet and varies with the frequency of transmission. General
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PSNEXT is a NEXT measurement which includes the sum of crosstalk contributions from all adjacent pairs as an algebraic sum of the NEXT of the three wire pairs as they affect the fourth pair in a four-pair cable (e.g., Category 6 cable). The
Superior Modular Products White paper states that the
312:, crosstalk normally refers to a signal affecting another nearby signal. Usually, the coupling is capacitive, and to the nearest neighbor, but other forms of coupling and effects on signal further away are sometimes important, especially in analog designs. See
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to another twisted pair, normally running in parallel. Signals traveling through adjacent pairs of wire create magnetic fields that interact with each other, inducing interference in the neighboring pair. The pair causing the interference is called the
331:, "crosstalk" refers to the phenomenon that due to highly scattering objects, multiple scattered photons reach the image plane and generate a coherent signal after traveling a pathlength that matches that of the sample depth within a coherence length.
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for use in crosstalk measurement that gives due emphasis to the subjective audibility of different frequencies. In the absence of any international standards, this is still in use despite the demise of the IBA.
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Crosstalk is an electrical effect and can be quantified with a crosstalk measurement. Crosstalk measurements are made on audio systems to determine the amount of signal leaking from one channel to another. The
238:. Crosstalk between channels in mixing consoles, and between studio feeds is a much more noticeable problem, as these are likely to be carrying very different programs or material.
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NEXT is a measure of the ability of a cable to reject crosstalk, so the higher the NEXT value, the greater the rejection of crosstalk at the local connection. It is referred to as
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cabling can often be used to reduce crosstalk. Alternatively, the signals can be converted to digital form, which is typically less susceptible to crosstalk.
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uses all four wire pairs simultaneously and bidirectionally. The additional wire pair usage and growing bandwidth increases the need to keep NEXT in check.
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FEXT measures the interference between two pairs of a cable measured at the far end of the cable with respect to the interfering transmitter.
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K.-H. Gonschorek and R. Vick: Electromagnetic
Compatibility for Device Design and System Integration, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 2009,
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substrate. There are a wide variety of repair solutions, with increased spacing, wire re-ordering, and shielding being the most common.
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audio reproduction, crosstalk can refer to signal leakage across from one program channel to another, reducing channel separation and
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AXT is interference caused by other cables routed close to the cable of interest as opposed to signals contained in the same cable.
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created causes crosstalk. For example, crosstalk can comprise magnetic fields that induce a smaller signal in neighboring wires.
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338:, crosstalk refers to the incomplete isolation of the left and right image channels so that one bleeds into the other - like a
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In electrical circuits sharing a common signal return path, electrical impedance in the return path creates
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creates an undesired effect in another circuit or channel. Crosstalk is usually caused by undesired
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Where the electric, magnetic, or traveling fields of two electric signals overlap, the
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Good crosstalk performance for a stereo system is not difficult to achieve in today's
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systems, though it is hard to keep below the desired figure of -30 dB or so on
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specifications for cabling (such as CAT 5) usually include the minimum NEXT values.
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tones leaking from other people's connections. If the connection is analog,
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bandwidth) make consideration of PSNEXT more important as
462:"Category 5 / 5E & Cat 6 Cabling Tutorial and FAQ's"
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for tools used to measure and prevent this problem, and
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ELFEXT measures the FEXT with attenuation compensation.
133:, while the pair experiencing the interference is the
522:, Communications News, February 2009, archived from
320:for a discussion of crosstalk conveyed through the
168:Cabling bandwidth in excess of 100 MHz (
89:between the signals, resulting in crosstalk.
8:
426:LearnEMC Web Site: Common-Impedance Coupling
120:In structured cabling, crosstalk refers to
610:Minimizing Crosstalk in Wiring and Cabling
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71:from one circuit or channel to another.
16:Signals in one channel affecting another
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198:Equal level far end crosstalk (ELFEXT)
159:Power sum near-end crosstalk (PSNEXT)
7:
92:Crosstalk is a significant issue in
600:Crosstalk: Overview and Modes (ppt)
244:Independent Broadcasting Authority
14:
564: This article incorporates
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327:In full-field optical coherence
577:General Services Administration
542:Federal Standard 1037C glossary
468:from the original on 2013-01-17
640:Audio amplifier specifications
356:Attenuation-to-crosstalk ratio
1:
635:Electromagnetic compatibility
388:carrier-to-interference ratio
303:adjacent-channel interference
297:, crosstalk is often denoted
376:Signal-to-interference ratio
122:electromagnetic interference
76:electromagnetic interference
519:Eliminating alien crosstalk
43:is a phenomenon by which a
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606: (archived 2012-03-18)
25:
21:Crosstalk (disambiguation)
18:
361:Audio system measurements
310:integrated circuit design
102:integrated circuit design
85:common impedance coupling
645:Telecommunication theory
336:stereoscopic 3D displays
26:Not to be confused with
299:co-channel interference
572:Federal Standard 1037C
566:public domain material
295:wireless communication
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110:communications systems
106:wireless communication
655:Broadcast engineering
630:Electrical parameters
585: (in support of
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625:Electrical phenomena
301:, and is related to
124:from one unshielded
19:For other uses, see
342:, which produces a
69:conductive coupling
57:transmission system
47:transmitted on one
660:Sound measurements
402:Substrate coupling
322:integrated circuit
318:substrate coupling
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143:Near-end crosstalk
94:structured cabling
650:Audio engineering
442:978-3-642-03289-9
386:), also known as
284:in-band signaling
276:telecommunication
187:Far-end crosstalk
98:audio electronics
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579:. Archived from
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538:"crosstalk (XT)"
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499:on July 16, 2006
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492:. Archived from
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371:Signal integrity
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174:Gigabit Ethernet
170:Category 5 cable
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587:MIL-STD-188
407:Unger model
37:electronics
619:Categories
547:2018-03-26
503:2008-09-13
472:2013-01-05
413:References
329:tomography
116:In cabling
108:and other
61:capacitive
444:, page 90
280:telephony
65:inductive
41:crosstalk
466:Archived
390:(CIR or
378:(SIR or
350:See also
346:effect.
344:ghosting
264:FM radio
219:In audio
176:through
151:near end
602:at the
53:channel
49:circuit
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232:stereo
190:(FEXT)
146:(NEXT)
45:signal
568:from
497:(PDF)
490:(PDF)
211:(AXT)
178:Cat 6
67:, or
55:of a
438:ISBN
262:and
334:In
308:In
293:In
278:or
274:In
230:In
51:or
35:In
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589:).
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449:^
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392:C
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380:S
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
