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Several Crow warriors enlisted in the U.S. army at the beginning of the Great Sioux War in 1876. On April 10, Lieutenant James H. Bradley swore in 23 Crow scouts. Each scout received a red armband to wear on the left arm above the elbow, to set him apart from other
Indigenous people. The Sioux curbed
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Crow scouts visiting the Little
Bighorn battlefield, circa 1913. From left to right; White Man Runs Him, Hairy Moccasin, Curly and Goes Ahead. Joseph Medicine Crow explained the main reason for men like these to enlist. They scouted against a long time Indian enemy, "... who were now in the old Crow
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The battlefield of the Little
Bighorn (1876) in the Crow Indian reservation in Montana and two other battlefields (1870s). "The Battle of the Little Bighorn, where the Sioux and Cheyenne had one of their largest gatherings ever, took place on the Crow reservation. In 1873, Crow chief Blackfoot had
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When a group of Crow scouts killed a five-man Lakota peace delegation under flag of truce in late
December, 1876, the winter impeded fighting in the Yellowstone area flared up again. Once more, Crow scouts aided the army locating enemy camps. Three Crow were in action against both Lakotas in camp
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downstream on the northern bank of
Yellowstone River in 1871. Major Eugene M. Baker may not have formally enlisted them. The scouts were "Blackfoot, Wolfbow and Pretty Lodge". The first two were old hands at helping the army, if they indeed were the Crow chief Blackfoot and the warrior Wolf Bow.
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the mobility of the Crow when they got away with all their horses three weeks later. A few days later Half Yellow Face and Jack Rabbit Bull came back with three Sioux horses, "... proud of their exploit ...". Bradley describes the grief of the Crow scouts after Custer's defeat.
224:, the lands west of the Powder River was designated as Crow territory. In 1866, Lakota were also continuing their traditional bison hunts in the region, and still considered it their territory, as well. After 1868, the Crow were living in the newly established
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The "Act to increase and fix the
Military Peace Establishment of the United States", enacted on August 1, 1866, allowed the army to enlist Indigenous scouts. The scouts were supposed to earn the same wages as cavalry soldiers. Per the
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Crow scouts guided Custer's long awaited expedition to the Little
Bighorn in the summer of 1876. "I now have some Crow scouts with me, as they are familiar with the country." wrote Custer in his second-last letter to his wife.
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In 1887, some former scouts were involved in the brief Crow War (the Sword Bearer uprising) during which the United States Army fought a successful battle against hostile Crows just north of the Little
Bighorn battlefield.
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called for U.S. actions against the Indian intruders following a battle with the Sioux on Pryor Creek. Three Crows took part in the Battle of Wolf
Mountains in 1877.
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with whom they were at war. In 1873, the Crow called for U.S. military actions against the Lakota people they reported were trespassing into the newly designated
505:
474:
703:
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Lubetkin, John M. (2002): The
Forgotten Yellowstone Surveying Expeditions of 1871. W. Milnor Roberts and the Northern Pacific Railroad in Montana.
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how he and Hairy Moccasin had averted Custer's death earlier in the fight by keeping up a brisk fire at the counter-charging Cheyennes.
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Bradley, James H. (1896): Journal of James H. Bradley. The Sioux Campaign of 1876 under the Command of General John Gibbon.
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Custer's Chief of Scouts. The Reminiscences of Charles A. Varnum. Including his Testimony at the Reno Court of Inquiry.
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The Effects of European Culture Contacts upon the Economic, Social, and Religious Life of the Crow Indians
404:. A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Anthropology, University of Southern California.
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Wolves for the Blue Soldiers. Indian Scouts and Auxiliaries with the United States Army, 1860-90
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Pearson, Jeffrey V. (2001): Nelson A. Miles, Crazy Horse, and the Battle of Wolf Mountains.
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Counting Coups and Cutting Horses. Intertribal Warfare on the Northern Plains, 1738-1889
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Custer, Cavalry and Crows. The Story of William White as told to Thomas Marquis
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Utley, Robert M. (2003): The Bozeman Trail before John Bozeman: A busy Land.
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Parading Through History. The making of the Crow Nation in America, 1805-1935
312:, Custer's chief of scouts, wrote "These Crows were in their own country".
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country, menacing and often raiding the Crows in their reservation camps."
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and Northern Cheyennes in the last battle of the Great Sioux War in the
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north of the Missouri in 1879, and some former scouts fought in the
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Harcey, Dénnis W., Brian R. Croone with Joe Medicine Crow (1993):
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From the Heart of the Crow Country. The Crow Indians' own Stories.
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went to the battlefield with all the Crow scouts serving Custer.
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In 1909, decades after the battle, White Man Runs Him told
611:"Boots and Saddles" or, Life in Dakota with General Custer
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Three Crow guides joined the surveying expedition for the
141:in several conflicts, the first in 1876 during the
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598:Contributions to the Historical Society of Montana
547:Stands In Timber, John and Margot Liberty (1972):
650:The Vanishing Race. The Last Great Indian Council
228:in the heart of the 1851 treaty area in Montana.
179:in the Crow reservation. Many Crow fought in the
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157:to help them in their encroachment against the
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682:White-Man-Runs-Him. (Crow Scout with Custer)
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187:the next year. Crow scouts rode along with
168:A small group of Crow scouts had witnessed
668:, Vol. 51, No. 4 (Winter 2001), pp. 52-67.
580:, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Winter 2002), pp. 32-47.
564:, Vol. 53, No. 2 (Summer 2003), pp. 20-31.
232:The 1871 Yellowstone Surveying Expedition
734:1876 establishments in Montana Territory
666:Montana, The Magazine of Western History
578:Montana, The Magazine of Western History
562:Montana, The Magazine of Western History
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504:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
497:
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709:Military history of the United States
282:Around 170 Crows fought with General
258:Curly, by David F. Barry, circa 1876.
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153:, the army was able to enlist Crow
149:was at that time at peace with the
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523:Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties
303:Crow with George Armstrong Custer
269:Crow scouts with James H. Bradley
704:United States Army Indian Scouts
315:Exactly a year after the fight,
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24:
413:Medicine Crow, Joseph (1992):
400:Medicine Crow, Joseph (1939):
290:without a legal registration.
1:
609:Custer, Elizabeth B. (1968):
222:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851)
93:Battle of the Little Big Horn
521:Kappler, Charles J. (1904).
431:Hoxie, Frederick E. (1995):
177:Battle of the Little Bighorn
622:Varnum, Charles A. (1987):
755:
637:Some memories of a Soldier
635:Scott, Hugh Lenox (1928):
534:McGinnis, Anthony (1990):
457:Dunlay, Thomas W. (1982):
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183:in 1877, and again in the
648:Dixon, Joseph K. (1972):
330:Crow with Nelson A. Miles
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687:Marquis, Thomas (1975):
238:Northern Pacific Railway
57:United States of America
729:Great Sioux War of 1876
226:Crow Indian Reservation
684:. Evanston, Illinois.
600:. Helena, pp. 140-227.
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278:Crow with George Crook
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551:. Lincoln and London.
525:. Washington. Vol. 2.
461:. Lincoln and London.
382:Black Seminole Scouts
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288:Battle of the Rosebud
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343:on January 8, 1877.
639:. New York, London.
714:History of Montana
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139:United States Army
67:United States Army
724:American frontier
549:Cheyenne Memories
310:Charles A. Varnum
175:'s defeat at the
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124:Charles A. Varnum
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691:. Fort Collins.
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480:. Archived from
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317:Hugh Lenox Scott
173:George A. Custer
163:Crow reservation
159:Native Americans
137:worked with the
116:George A. Custer
112:James H. Bradley
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250:Great Sioux War
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245:Service history
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201:Nelson A. Miles
199:during Colonel
143:Great Sioux War
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120:Nelson A. Miles
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372:Navajo Scouts
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362:Apache Scouts
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538:. Evergreen.
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489:. Retrieved
482:the original
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435:. Cambridge.
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284:George Crook
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205:Sitting Bull
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652:. New York.
337:Crazy Horse
203:search for
189:Assiniboine
185:Bannock War
147:Crow Nation
135:Crow Scouts
83:Engagements
40:1876 - 1879
19:Crow Scouts
739:Crow tribe
698:Categories
491:2011-11-03
388:References
108:commanders
101:Commanders
45:Allegiance
613:. Norman.
417:New York.
211:of 1887.
626:Lincoln.
500:cite web
356:See also
209:Crow War
197:Cheyenne
155:warriors
286:at the
193:Bannock
170:General
106:Notable
63:Branch
54:
37:Active
485:(PDF)
478:(PDF)
347:1880s
335:with
215:1860s
506:link
195:and
73:Type
700::
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514:^
502:}}
498:{{
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191:,
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494:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
