99:. More recently, however, there has been criticism of the Crown being consulted on the content of forthcoming bills, and being given "the right and opportunity to shape prospective legislation". Critics allege that even though the Crown may never formally withhold its consent contrary to government advice, the procedure is nevertheless being used to vet and change draft bills before they reach Parliament. One report noted that it was "almost certain that some Bills were changed before introduction in order to address concerns about Crown consent".
2481:
2475:
1958:
335:. This was a private member's bill which sought to transfer from government (strictly speaking, the monarch acting on ministerial advice) to Parliament the power to authorize military strikes against Iraq. This prevented the bill from being debated. In 1988, the Palace of Westminster (Removal of Crown Immunity) Bill could not be debated in Parliament because Queen's Consent was withheld, as with the Reform of the House of Lords Bill in 1990.
379:
lawyer and the trade department agreed an exception for heads of state. This allowed the Queen to avoid the embarrassment of disclosure of beneficial ownership of shares by the Crown until at least 2011. Consent was not required for the bill, as eventually introduced. It was revealed in 2022 that Prince
Charles had used Prince's Consent to have proposed legislation changed so that his
658:
concerns raised by any party representing the Crown and (b) its response.' Memo states: 'It is also almost certain that some bills were changed before introduction in order to address concerns about crown consent, however these will not have been "amended" in parliamentary terms and so would not be included in such a list.'
1279:
Acts of the
Scottish Parliament: Heat Networks (Scotland) Act 2021: Part 6 - Compulsory acquisition of land. Section 68 - Compulsory acquisition of land by licence holder. Subsection 3: The Scottish Ministers must not authorise under subsection (1) any acquisition in relation to land which belongs to
424:
for a list of acts amended as a result of exchanges with the Queen's representatives; the
Scottish government ultimately refused to answer the question, but confidential briefing notes were later disclosed which said that it was almost certain that some bills had been changed before introduction, but
407:
It was reported in July 2021 that the advance notice provided by the consent procedure was used in the
Scottish Parliament in 2021 to arrange for draft legislation to be modified so that the Queen, one of the largest landowners in Scotland, would become the only person in the country not required to
362:, who said they revealed "the kind of influence over legislation that lobbyists would only dream of", adding that the existence of the consent procedure appeared to have given the monarch "substantial influence" over draft laws that could affect her. As of 2021, over 1000 bills had been submitted to
278:
I have it in command from His
Majesty the King to acquaint the House that His Majesty, having been informed of the purport of the , has consented to place his prerogative and interest, so far as it is concerned on behalf of the Crown and the Duchy of Lancaster, at the disposal of Parliament for the
378:
The Palace is known to have requested changes to draft legislation in some cases; it is not known how many. In 1973, when a companies bill incorporating transparency measures was to be introduced in the UK Parliament, after receiving advance notice as required by the consent procedure, the Queen's
131:
undertook an investigation into the basis of the practice, and concluded after hearing expert legal and parliamentary evidence that consent is indeed a matter of parliamentary procedure. The committee noted that if
Parliament wished to abolish consent it could do so by resolution, without any need
432:
In response to these reports about consent in
Scotland, the palace said: "The royal household can be consulted on bills in order to ensure the technical accuracy and consistency of the application of the bill to the crown, a complex legal principle governed by statute and common law. This process
391:
expressing his "particular concern" about this aspect. The government did not wish to grant this exception, fearing that it would create a precedent for other major landowners, but ultimately, reluctantly, included the special exemption to avoid what a
Whitehall official described as "a major row
141:
stated that the practice was "founded upon parliamentary usage, which both houses have agreed to observe", and that as a result "it cannot be misconstrued into any interference with the proceedings of parliament". The author defended the practice of prior communication between
Parliament and the
657:
Memo in answer to question S6W-02029 Willie Rennie: 'To ask the
Scottish Government which pieces of legislation have been amended as a result of exchanges prompted by Rule 9.11 of the Standing Orders in each year since 2007, and, for each of these, whether it will publish (a) the details of any
288:
has been given, the proceedings may later be declared void. Where a bill requires the consent of the Prince and Steward of Scotland or the Duke of Rothesay, the Scottish Parliament cannot debate any question whether the bill be passed or approved unless such consent to those provisions has been
222:
In Australia, the royal household insists consent must first be granted for bills concerning the monarch's royal prerogative and personal interest. However, there is no equivalent requirement as in the UK or Canada for the Australian Parliament to receive signification of the monarch's consent.
649:
412:. It is not known why the Queen's lawyer wanted the bill changed. Since its creation in 1999 the Scottish Parliament has given the Queen advance notice of at least 67 parliamentary bills deemed to affect her. It is not known how many were consequently changed. The
408:
facilitate the construction of pipelines to heat buildings using renewable energy. The Scottish government did not disclose the intervention of the Queen's lawyer when the energy minister added the exemption to the green energy bill, key legislation to combat the
313:
stated in 2021 that "Queen's consent is a parliamentary process, with the role of sovereign purely formal. Consent is always granted by the monarch where requested by government. Any assertion that the sovereign has blocked legislation is simply incorrect."
289:
signified by a member of the Scottish government. Once a bill has passed Parliament and received royal assent, it is regarded as legally valid by the courts, regardless of any deficiency in parliamentary procedure, in accordance with the usual principles of
2094:
321:, as the Duchy of Cornwall is within British jurisdiction. No bill affecting the Duchy of Cornwall has been refused consent by either the sovereign or the Duke of Cornwall. Each granting of consent by the Prince of Wales is a "matter of public record".
258:. Where proposed legislation which might affect the royal prerogative or the private interests of the Crown is sponsored by the cabinet (as is the case for most bills considered by Parliament), the department sponsoring the bill must write to the
111:
gave Parliament permission to debate the Suppression of Piracy bill, which suggests that it has been part of the UK legislative process for several hundred years. Prince’s Consent is a more recent development, probably no later than 1848.
642:
283:
If consent is required but not signified, a bill may make no further progress through Parliament. If a bill is mistakenly allowed to progress even though the required consent was not signified and the error is discovered before
2089:
142:
Crown on the basis that, without Queen’s Consent, if parliament were to dispose of the interests or affect the prerogative of the Crown against its wishes, the Crown would in any event be able to protect itself by refusing
559:
386:
tenants would not have the right to buy their homes that was provided by what later became the Leasehold Reform, Housing and Urban Development Act 1993. Documents revealed that Charles wrote to the Prime Minister
2155:
525:
370:
for Queen's or Prince's Consent. More than 50,000 people had, by 28 February 2021, signed a petition requesting a parliamentary inquiry into the convention of Queen's Consent. Buckingham Palace responded to
353:
revealing that the advance notice of forthcoming bills allows the monarch to lobby for legislative changes without actual consent being invoked. The documents were reviewed by Thomas Adams, a specialist in
2779:
2377:
2099:
2653:
2546:
614:
332:
1687:
922:
2512:
2068:
328:—not introduced by a government minister—that requires consent can be killed off by the government without having to muster votes or use parliamentary time by advising against consent.
1821:
2504:
2059:
274:, Royal Consent can be signified in only one legislative chamber. In the UK Parliament, consent is signified using the following wording (with similar wording for Prince's Consent):
2623:
2320:
973:
570:
1372:
150:
drop discussion of the advantages of the practice, and simply state that under certain conditions consent is "required", leaving unsaid the implications of its not being given.
2899:
1675:
205:
128:
120:
2554:
2541:
1744:
227:
2160:
2034:
2001:
1991:
1907:
643:
Annexes to FOI review of 202200270508 communications between SG and the Royal Household re Crown consent provisions in Scottish legislation discussions (memo, full text)
2167:
2039:
1739:
1682:
1579:
442:
211:
In Canada, no act of parliament binds the monarch or their rights unless the act states that it does so. King's Consent (or Royal Consent) is typically granted by the
2448:
2120:
875:
529:
2703:
2265:
1701:
1651:
848:
1311:
2189:
2006:
1996:
1826:
1603:
198:
2382:
2255:
2225:
1670:
1663:
1414:
498:
396:
would add a further dimension of controversy to the bill which would be better avoided". Acts that are known to have been vetted by Prince Charles are the
1018:
896:
226:
In New Zealand no bills made by members of parliament that affect the Crown's rights and prerogatives may be passed without the consent of the Crown. The
2415:
194:
948:
2919:
1254:
1216:
1333:
146:. Queen’s Consent, then, he considered advantageous, as it avoided the need for the Crown to exert its prerogative in such a way. Recent editions of
2751:
2586:
1615:
401:
1381:
The Impact of Queen’s and Prince’s Consent on the Legislative Process: Government Response to the Committee's Eleventh Report of Session, 2013–2014
95:
being on the throne) was that it enabled the Crown to protect its rights without having to resort to blocking a bill after its passage by refusing
2904:
2865:
2564:
2325:
1627:
1591:
1574:
1292:
674:
2860:
2576:
2132:
2015:
1833:
1639:
193:, must also be obtained where a bill affects his interests. In 1993, both Queen's Consent and Prince's Consent were required in respect of the
1235:
2335:
1900:
1489:
2464:
2293:
2104:
2054:
1646:
190:
2784:
1981:
1947:
1598:
1562:
137:
82:
1171:
725:
2741:
1785:
1658:
1439:
350:
2833:
2736:
2731:
2658:
2581:
2559:
2520:
2330:
998:
2774:
2288:
2283:
2125:
1893:
1874:
1484:
124:
74:
66:
615:"The Queen's Consent – a strange and obscure feature of the constitution of the United Kingdom – and why it should be abolished"
2870:
2746:
2456:
2442:
2049:
1838:
1610:
1407:
231:
2408:
2356:
2137:
1986:
1864:
1848:
1622:
1586:
215:
on behalf of the sovereign and specially communicated to Parliament. Typically, though, it is expressed by a minister of the
1387:
881:
2914:
2569:
1935:
1869:
1634:
1102:". BBC News, 16 April 1999. Source incorrectly refers to "Royal Assent", but Hansard reference correctly states "consent".
2924:
2817:
2261:
2204:
2199:
2194:
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1569:
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1190:
1111:
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2646:
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2618:
2351:
2235:
2044:
776:
758:
854:
165:
In the United Kingdom, as well as bills that affect the prerogative, bills affecting the hereditary revenues of the
2929:
2759:
2361:
1557:
1400:
413:
212:
108:
2401:
1501:
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giving as much time as possible, but never less than 14 days before the bill is introduced to parliament. In the
506:
2723:
2591:
2315:
2304:
1454:
1379:
1355:
230:
is responsible for ensuring consent from the crown is obtained before bills that require it can be passed. The
2698:
817:
325:
1063:
2769:
2438:
2181:
1916:
1479:
331:
In 1999, the Queen, acting on ministerial advice, refused to signify her consent to Parliament debating the
302:
290:
182:
88:
70:
2808:
2683:
2424:
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2220:
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2011:
1811:
1729:
1711:
421:
317:
Similarly, the Prince of Wales grants and withholds the Prince's Consent on the advice of the sovereign's
306:
208:
has produced guidance on the need for King's or Prince's Consent and the procedures associated with them.
1356:
The impact of Queen's and Prince's Consent on the legislative process: Eleventh Report of Session 2013–14
742:
107:
The origins of King’s Consent are unclear. There is evidence of consent first being invoked in 1728 when
2825:
2693:
2310:
2240:
1930:
1816:
393:
318:
2792:
1459:
271:
1464:
1449:
267:
263:
2480:
375:, stating that consent was always granted when requested and that legislation was never blocked.
2298:
1724:
1469:
1423:
392:
with the Prince of Wales", saying "the will of ministers can prevail over that of monarchy but a
363:
355:
216:
166:
65:. King's or Prince's Consent must be obtained early in the legislative process, generally before
38:
1130:
798:
234:
is typically the one who gives a message of consent on the advice of the members of parliament.
1150:
2663:
2474:
1942:
1843:
1775:
380:
359:
259:
170:
159:
116:
62:
1806:
383:
343:
While the website of the royal family describes consent as "a long established convention",
251:
178:
1957:
744:
Erskine May's treatise on the law, privileges, proceedings and usage of Parliament (online)
1760:
1719:
822:
186:
174:
173:
require King's Consent. Bills affecting the latter also require Prince's Consent from the
162:
and the personal property and "personal interests" of the monarch require King's Consent.
58:
897:"The queen's gambit — new evidence shows how Her Majesty wields influence on legislation"
1509:
426:
409:
367:
92:
1236:"Revealed: how Prince Charles pressured ministers to change law to benefit his estate"
2893:
2688:
2230:
1801:
1780:
417:
243:
49:
consent is sought whenever a proposed parliamentary bill will affect the Crown's own
1278:
1099:
53:
or interests (hereditary revenues, personal property, estates, or other interests).
2878:
2713:
2250:
1696:
1534:
844:
345:
310:
285:
247:
143:
96:
31:
853:, 17, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada (published 1 April 2005), archived from
586:
This pamphlet is intended for members of the Office of the Parliamentary Counsel.
2841:
1734:
1539:
1524:
727:
A practical treatise on the law, privileges, proceedings and usage of Parliament
50:
1514:
1312:"Scottish government refuses to publish details about Queen's secret lobbying"
388:
17:
2393:
1529:
1431:
1010:
46:
1334:"Revealed: Queen vetted 67 laws before Scottish parliament could pass them"
1885:
1519:
1045:
250:
legislatures) of parliament, at either the second or third reading, by a
1081:
400:, the Leasehold Reform, Housing and Urban Development Act 1993, and the
1549:
1354:
House of Commons Political and Constitutional Reform Committee (2014).
1332:
Carrell, Severin; Evans, Rob; Hughes, Amy; Pegg, David (28 July 2021).
1155:
1135:
1116:
675:"Queen's secret influence on laws revealed in Scottish government memo"
255:
115:
King's Consent is not a right of the monarch or of the Crown under the
69:
may debate or vote on a bill. In modern times, following the tenets of
1217:"Revealed: Queen lobbied for change in law to hide her private wealth"
1191:"More than 50,000 people call for inquiry into use of Queen's consent"
1392:
1293:"Queen secretly lobbied Scottish ministers for climate law exemption"
1255:"Prince Charles vetted laws that stop his tenants buying their homes"
1120:, 16 April 1999, Col.521) ("Queen's consent has not been signified.")
949:"Chapter 5: Legislative procedures - New Zealand Parliament (SO 321)"
349:
newspaper reported in February 2021 that memos had been found in the
505:(15). Ottawa: Parliament of Canada. 17 November 2004. Archived from
974:"Chapter 9 Communications with the Crown - New Zealand Parliament"
499:"1st Session, 38th Parliament - Other Business - Speaker's Ruling"
1378:
House of Commons Political and Constitutional Reform Committee.
759:"House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 30 Apr 1996 (pt 1)"
301:
If King's Consent is withheld, it is, according to the tenets of
799:"Priests (Ordination of Women) - debate in the House of Commons"
324:
While the monarch always consents if so advised by ministers, a
2397:
2378:
List of members of the Australian Parliament who died in office
1889:
1396:
129:
House of Commons Political and Constitutional Reform Committee
91:, the practical advantage of Queen's Consent (as it then was,
1064:"Secret papers show extent of senior royals' veto over bills"
1253:
Evans, Rob; Pegg, David; Barton, Michael (9 February 2021).
429:" in parliamentary terms they would not have been included.
747:(25th, with update 2 ed.). UK Parliament. August 2021.
1384:. 16 June 2014. London: The Stationery Office, Limited.
1291:
Evans, Rob; Carrell, Severin; Pegg, David (28 July 2021).
1234:
Evans, Rob; Pegg, David; Carrell, Severin (28 June 2022).
673:
Carrell, Severin; Evans, Rob; Pegg, David (27 June 2022).
333:
Military Action Against Iraq (Parliamentary Approval) Bill
1046:"Queen did not block legislation, Buckingham Palace says"
185:, the consent of the Prince of Wales, in his capacity as
1172:"Royals vetted more than 1,000 laws via Queen's consent"
1131:"Palace of Westminster (Removal of Crown Immunity) Bill"
730:(2nd ed.). London: Butterworths. pp. 336–337.
558:
Office of the Parliamentary Counsel (10 October 2022).
528:. The Scottish Parliament. 30 June 2021. Archived from
1373:
Cabinet Office guide to legislation for civil servants
1361:(Report). The Stationery Office, The House of Commons.
818:"Secret royal veto powers over new laws to be exposed"
1159:. House of Commons. 26 January 1990. col. 1241–.
880:, Parliament of Canada, 31 March 2014, archived from
309:, done on the advice of Government. A spokesman for
297:
Consent granted or withheld on advice of the cabinet
2853:
2801:
2722:
2676:
2632:
2611:
2604:
2532:
2497:
2488:
2431:
2370:
2344:
2274:
2213:
2180:
2146:
2113:
2082:
2025:
1974:
1965:
1923:
1857:
1794:
1753:
1745:
The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada
1710:
1548:
1500:
1430:
707:
705:
2035:Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives
1388:Parliament of Canada: Royal Consent Given to Bills
57:is a similar doctrine, under which consent of the
1139:. House of Commons. 8 July 1998. col. 1370–.
692:
690:
688:
1740:The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Armed Forces
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
443:Constitutional conventions of the United Kingdom
276:
73:, consent is granted or withheld as advised by
668:
666:
433:does not change the nature of any such bill."
2409:
1901:
1702:Advisory Committee on Vice-Regal Appointments
1408:
1310:Carrell, Severin; Evans, Rob (29 July 2021).
61:must be obtained for matters relating to the
8:
2190:Chronology of Australian federal parliaments
1189:Evans, Rob; Pegg, David (28 February 2021).
999:Hansard HC Deb 20 July 1949 vol 467 cc1385-6
526:"Standing Orders, 6th edition, 2nd revision"
199:ordination of women in the Church of England
181:. In certain circumstances, such as for the
27:UK and Commonwealth parliamentary convention
2900:Political terminology in the United Kingdom
2383:Members of multiple Australian legislatures
2256:List of acts of the Parliament of Australia
1280:Her Majesty in right of Her private estates
741:"Paragraph 9.6: Queen's consent on bills".
123:has stated that it is entirely a matter of
2608:
2494:
2416:
2402:
2394:
2110:
1971:
1908:
1894:
1886:
1415:
1401:
1393:
1040:
1038:
1036:
792:
790:
637:
635:
520:
518:
516:
266:, consent is signified by a member of the
195:Priests (Ordination of Women) Measure 1993
45:is a parliamentary convention under which
493:
491:
489:
648:(Report). Background note to S6W 02027.
402:Commonhold and Leasehold Reform Act 2002
339:Vetting of bills under consent procedure
242:Consent is usually signified in one (in
2866:Legislature broadcasters in New Zealand
2542:Speaker of the House of Representatives
1327:
1325:
485:
454:
2861:Commonwealth Parliamentary Association
613:Green, David Allen (8 February 2021).
7:
2619:Abolition of the Legislative Council
777:"Prince's consent asked on 12 bills"
608:
606:
191:Prince and Great Steward of Scotland
1151:"Reform of the House of Lords Bill"
655:from the original on 27 June 2022.
420:asked the Scottish government in a
238:Effect on parliamentary proceedings
206:Office of the Parliamentary Counsel
138:Erskine May: Parliamentary Practice
121:Office of the Parliamentary Counsel
2624:Members of the Legislative Council
2505:Speaker of the Legislative Council
1440:Monarchy in the Canadian provinces
923:"Presentation of bills for assent"
711:
696:
597:
25:
2521:Leader of the Legislative Council
1021:from the original on 1 March 2014
246:legislatures) or both houses (in
80:According to the 1851 edition of
2920:Parliament of the United Kingdom
2479:
2473:
1956:
1875:Debate on the monarchy in Canada
895:Twomey, Anne (8 February 2021).
797:Newton, Tony (29 October 1993).
567:UK Government Publishing Service
103:Origins and constitutional basis
1156:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1136:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
816:Robert Booth (31 August 2012).
465:when the monarch is female, or
2905:Monarchy of the United Kingdom
2060:Manager of Opposition Business
2007:Manager of Opposition Business
1997:Manager of Government Business
1865:Canadian Secretary to the King
1849:Canadian Coronation Contingent
1570:Lieutenant governors in Canada
1215:Evans, Rob (7 February 2021).
1170:Evans, Rob (8 February 2021).
1:
2659:Father or Mother of the House
1870:History of monarchy in Canada
1082:"FAQs | Prince of Wales"
903:. Academic Journalism Society
560:"King's and Prince's Consent"
2818:Parliament House, Wellington
2205:47th Parliament of Australia
2200:46th Parliament of Australia
2195:45th Parliament of Australia
877:Royal Consent Given to Bills
724:Erskine May, Thomas (1851).
37:In the UK and certain other
2352:Parliament House, Melbourne
2236:Matter of public importance
2095:Represented multiple states
425:that as they had not been "
2946:
2587:Shadow Leader of the House
2362:Parliament House, Canberra
2309:House of Representatives:
1558:Governor General of Canada
1011:"The Queen and Parliament"
763:publications.parliament.uk
135:The 1851 (2nd) edition of
29:
2752:Mixed-member proportional
2471:
2425:Parliament of New Zealand
2336:Court of Disputed Returns
1954:
1697:Territorial Commissioners
929:. Parliament of Australia
414:Scottish Liberal Democrat
398:Leasehold Reform Act 1967
2829:(current executive wing)
2577:Leader of the Opposition
2465:House of Representatives
2316:Two-party-preferred vote
2305:Single transferable vote
2055:Leader of the Opposition
2002:Leader of the Opposition
1992:Leader of the Government
1948:House of Representatives
1086:www.princeofwales.gov.uk
279:purposes of the Measure.
30:Not to be confused with
2785:Supplementary elections
1982:President of the Senate
1917:Parliament of Australia
1795:Ceremonial and symbolic
619:The Law and Policy Blog
303:constitutional monarchy
291:parliamentary privilege
183:House of Lords Act 1999
127:procedure. In 2014 the
71:constitutional monarchy
2809:General Assembly House
2684:Speech from the throne
2547:Chairman of Committees
2513:Chairman of Committees
2221:Speech from the throne
1100:Iraq attack bill fails
503:Journals of the Senate
422:parliamentary question
307:responsible government
281:
89:parliamentary practice
2872:Parliamentary Debates
2834:Parliamentary Library
2311:Instant-runoff voting
2090:Served in both houses
394:constitutional crisis
326:private member's bill
2915:Parliament of Canada
2793:Caretaker government
2441:(represented by the
2357:Old Parliament House
2331:Caretaker government
1934:(represented by the
228:speaker of the House
158:Bills affecting the
2925:Scottish Parliament
2760:First-past-the-post
2612:Legislative Council
2560:Leader of the House
2498:Legislative Council
2457:Legislative Council
2449:Legislative Council
2050:Leader of the House
901:theconversation.com
272:Canadian parliament
268:Scottish government
264:Scottish parliament
254:and is recorded in
177:in his capacity as
2910:Monarchy of Canada
2299:Double dissolution
1766:Crown corporations
1725:King-in-Parliament
1424:Monarchy in Canada
1070:. 15 January 2013.
1052:. 8 February 2021.
850:Interpretation Act
576:on 7 November 2022
356:constitutional law
311:Queen Elizabeth II
167:Duchy of Lancaster
2930:Royal prerogative
2887:
2886:
2694:Readings of bills
2672:
2671:
2664:Baby of the House
2600:
2599:
2391:
2390:
2241:Readings of bills
2176:
2175:
2164:
2129:
2078:
2077:
1939:
1883:
1882:
1844:Thrones of Canada
1786:Royal commissions
1730:King-on-the-Bench
978:www.parliament.nz
953:www.parliament.nz
410:climate emergency
381:Duchy of Cornwall
360:Oxford University
351:National Archives
197:that enabled the
171:Duchy of Cornwall
160:royal prerogative
132:for legislation.
87:the manual of UK
63:Duchy of Cornwall
16:(Redirected from
2937:
2846:
2838:
2830:
2822:
2814:
2789:
2764:
2756:
2747:Electoral system
2650:
2609:
2551:
2525:
2517:
2509:
2495:
2483:
2477:
2461:
2453:
2443:Governor-General
2418:
2411:
2404:
2395:
2158:
2123:
2111:
1972:
1960:
1936:Governor-General
1933:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1887:
1807:Crown Collection
1417:
1410:
1403:
1394:
1375:(see chapter 18)
1362:
1360:
1342:
1341:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1288:
1282:
1276:
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1127:
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1103:
1096:
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1060:
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1007:
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989:
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986:
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964:
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945:
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936:
934:
919:
913:
912:
910:
908:
892:
886:
885:
884:on 24 March 2015
872:
866:
865:
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841:
835:
834:
832:
830:
813:
807:
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794:
785:
784:
783:. 12 April 2012.
781:Evening Standard
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588:
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569:. Archived from
564:
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532:on 28 July 2021.
522:
511:
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509:on 7 March 2016.
495:
474:
459:
252:privy counsellor
232:governor-general
213:governor general
179:Duke of Cornwall
55:Prince's Consent
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2100:Longest service
2074:
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1952:
1919:
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1884:
1879:
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1839:Title and style
1834:Special address
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463:Queen's Consent
460:
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439:
341:
299:
240:
187:Earl of Chester
175:Prince of Wales
156:
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59:Prince of Wales
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2706:
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2570:Prime Minister
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2243:
2238:
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2228:
2226:Joint meetings
2223:
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2045:Prime Minister
2042:
2037:
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2020:
2019:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
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1367:External links
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927:www.aph.gov.au
914:
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867:
857:on 5 July 2009
836:
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154:Bills affected
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729:
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714:, p. 11.
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2775:By-elections
2763:(previously)
2714:Royal assent
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2326:By-elections
2260:Committees:
2251:Royal assent
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2105:Independents
1827:2000–present
1770:
1735:King's peace
1535:Elizabeth II
1380:
1348:Bibliography
1338:The Guardian
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32:Royal assent
2842:Bowen House
2770:Electorates
2460:(1853–1950)
2452:(1841–1853)
2321:Electorates
2182:Parliaments
1817:Royal tours
1540:Charles III
1525:Edward VIII
983:4 September
958:3 September
580:10 December
148:Erskine May
117:prerogative
83:Erskine May
41:countries,
2894:Categories
2704:Committees
2432:Components
2133:Appointees
1924:Components
1515:Edward VII
481:References
389:John Major
244:unicameral
75:government
67:parliament
2874:(Hansard)
2845:(current)
2837:(current)
2821:(current)
2802:Locations
2788:(defunct)
2755:(current)
2724:Elections
2677:Procedure
2654:30+ years
2565:Ministers
2550:(defunct)
2524:(defunct)
2516:(defunct)
2508:(defunct)
2345:Locations
2276:Elections
2214:Procedure
1822:1786–1999
1530:George VI
1432:The Crown
933:5 October
907:5 October
829:31 August
461:Known as
384:leasehold
364:the Queen
319:ministers
270:. In the
248:bicameral
109:George II
2732:Previous
2647:previous
2633:House of
2533:House of
2491:officers
2371:See also
2303:Senate:
2161:previous
2147:House of
2126:previous
2026:House of
1968:officers
1550:Viceroys
1520:George V
1510:Victoria
1502:Monarchs
1050:BBC News
1019:Archived
861:7 August
847:(2005),
650:Archived
437:See also
2826:Beehive
2642:Current
2605:Members
2439:Monarch
2156:Current
2121:Current
2083:Members
1858:Related
1264:6 April
1200:23 July
1117:Hansard
1112:Extract
1025:28 July
427:amended
416:leader
256:Hansard
169:or the
2262:Senate
2114:Senate
1975:Senate
1943:Senate
712:HC 784
697:HC 784
624:1 July
598:HC 784
260:palace
119:. The
2592:Whips
2555:Clerk
2168:Women
2138:Women
2065:Whips
2040:Clerk
2012:Whips
1987:Clerk
1754:Legal
1359:(PDF)
997:e.g.
653:(PDF)
646:(PDF)
574:(PDF)
563:(PDF)
449:Notes
125:House
47:Crown
2742:List
2737:Next
2294:List
2289:Next
2284:Last
2069:list
2016:list
1931:King
1688:List
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1640:List
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1592:List
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1202:2022
1027:2021
985:2023
960:2023
935:2022
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863:2009
831:2012
626:2022
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305:and
204:The
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358:at
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