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onto the ground. Summing the crown areas for all trees measured on a fixed plot area and dividing by the ground area will give the crown closure. The "moosehorn" crown closure estimator is a device for measuring crown closure from the ground. Other methods for estimating crown closure include the use
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Although sometimes referred to as canopy cover and canopy closure, crown closure is different from these two concepts. Canopy cover represents the aggregate of all vertically projected tree crowns onto the ground surface, while canopy closure represents the amount of the sky obscured by the canopy
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Aerial photographs made at scales of 1:15,000 or larger can be used to determine crown closure estimates, usually done by ocular interpretation, by grouping stands into percent classes. Low density stands make for an easy ocular estimation, but as the stand density increases the ocular estimates
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Jennings, S. B., Brown, N. D., & Sheil, D. 1999. Assessing forest canopies and understorey illumination: canopy closure, canopy cover and other measures. Forestry 72(1): 59–74.
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Jennings, S.B., N.D. Brown, and D. Sheil. 1999. Assessing forest canopies and understorey illumination: Canopy closure, canopy cover and other measures. Forestry 72(1):59-73
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become more difficult to obtain. In dense stands, overestimates or underestimates of crown closure can be made and predicting value of stand volume becomes more reduced.
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Crown closure, also known as canopy closure, is an integrated measure of the canopy "over a segment of the sky hemisphere above one point on the ground".
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stands, where overlapping parasol-shaped crowns ensure complete cover but still allow light to penetrate at an oblique angle to the forest floor.
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Fiala, A.C.S.. Garman, S.L., and A.N. Gray. 2006. Comparison of five canopy cover estimation techniques in the western Oregon
Cascades.
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are two slightly different measures of the forest canopy and that determine the amount of light able to penetrate to the forest floor.
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can have a crown cover of 100% and a crown closure less than 100%. Typical stands with 100% cover but low closure are coffee
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Avery, T.E. and
Burkhart, H.E. 2002. Forest Measurements. 5th edition. McGraw Hill, New York. 456 p.
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Measure of forest canopy that determine the amount of light able to penetrate to the forest floor
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This article is about the forestry concept. For the bottle closure known as a "crown", see
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Garrison, G.A. 1949. Uses and modifications for the "moosehorn" crown closure estimator.
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Crown cover is the proportion of a stand covered by the crowns of live trees.
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Each tree’s measurements are used to calculate the area projected by the
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191:"Brack, Chris. 1999. Crown Closure. ANU"
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121:from a certain point on the ground.
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41:Aerial Overview of Crown Closure
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307:Ronald Press, New York. 476p.
274:Forest Ecology and Management
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136:hemispherical photography
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162:Tree crown measurement
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261:Journal of Forestry
142:Aerial measurement
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116:Very Dense 85–100%
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303:Spur, S.H. 1952.
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113:Dense 70–84%
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168:References
107:Low 30–49%
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318:Category
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151:See also
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