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464:, Alberta, to Kootenay Landing, British Columbia, through the Crowsnest Pass between 1897 and 1898. This line was built primarily to access mineral-rich southeastern BC via an all-Canadian rail route, and to assert Canadian (and CPR) sovereignty in an area that U.S. railroads were beginning to build into. It also opened up coal deposits in the Crowsnest and Elk River valleys, which were important to mineral smelting operations and assisted the CPR in its conversion of locomotives from wood to coal. The CPR sought and received construction funding from the federal government, partially in exchange for a freight subsidy on prairie farm exports and equipment imports which came to be called the "Crow's Nest Pass Agreement".
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side of the pass. Some logging and oil and gas exploitation also occur in the area and a sulphur plant has been in operation there for several years. Tourism based on the natural and historical resources of the area remains underdeveloped but is slowly growing. The area hosts the world-class
Sinister 7 Ultra Marathon, a 161-kilometre foot race that winds through the mountains around the community. Crowsnest Pass also has a local ski hill, Pass Powderkeg, and an outdoor pool.
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The
Crowsnest Pass area on both sides of the provincial boundary is rich in coal deposits, which were quickly developed after completion of the rail line. All the mines on the Alberta side were closed by the end of the 20th century as cheaper and safer open-pit mines opened on the British Columbia
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The first motor vehicle to cross the
Canadian Rockies did so via Phillipps Pass, about 1 km north of Crowsnest Pass, and in 1917 a road was blasted around the shores of Crowsnest Lake and across Crowsnest Pass, renamed Interprovincial Highway Three in 1932. It is also known as the
471:", as the subsidy agreement came to be referred to, was eventually extended from CPR's Crowsnest Pass railway line to apply to all railway lines in western Canada, regardless of corporate ownership or geography, creating artificially low freight rates for grain shipments through the
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ports. The rate also correspondingly limited industrial growth in the western provinces as it was cheaper to produce items in eastern Canada and ship them west under the Crow Rate. This subsidy was finally abolished in 1995.
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1897: CPR enters into farm export subsidy agreement for freight rates in exchange for financing of the railway line between
Lethbridge, Alberta, and Nelson, BC. Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company commences operations in British
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Before the arrival of
Europeans, Indigenous people used this major breach through the Front Ranges for seasonal migrations, and also for trade between mountain and plains cultures.
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occurs on the north slope of Turtle
Mountain; 82 million tonnes of limestone crash down and partially bury the town of Frank, killing approximately 90 of the town's 600 residents.
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The
Crowsnest Pass is the richest archaeological zone in the Canadian Rockies. The oldest relics are stone tools found on a rock ridge outside
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Crowsnest Pass
Highway 3. First Nations long used the Crowsnest Pass but it was not shown on maps until the Palliser Expedition of 1860.
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The pass is located in southeast
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and the Crown move to Stage 5 negotiations of a treaty that affects the western portion of
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491:"Jenny" through Crowsnest Pass, the first flight across the Canadian Rockies.
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This article is about the geographical feature. For the municipality, see
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852:"Discover Crowsnest Heritage » North York Creek Plane Crash Trail"
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hanged for shooting a police constable; first woman hanged in Alberta.
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Goat Mountain from the summit of Crown Mountain, Crowsnest Pass, 1908.
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1908: forest fire destroys Fernie (pop: 6000), which soon rebuilds.
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A train heads west toward the summit of the Crowsnest Pass from
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Crowsnest Pass comprises a valley running east–west through
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crashes into a mountain, killing all seven people on board.
813:. Coleman: Crowsnest Pass Historical Society. p. 33.
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in Alberta; "rum-running" across the provincial boundary.
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cede their title in the eastern portion of the pass with
737:
List of Rocky Mountain passes on the continental divide
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1898: CPR opens the railway line, 10th siding (later
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Mountain pass in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada
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56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
487:On August 7, 1919, Captain Ernest Hoy flew a
1640:Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks World Heritage Site
725:Panoramic view of scenery in the Crowsnest, 1908.
600:1902: explosion at Coal Creek mine kills 128 men.
837:The coal mining industry in the Crow's Nest Pass
575:1881: first surveys by Canadian Pacific Railway.
593:1900: the Frank Mine opens and the new town of
660:project and renamed Interprovincial Highway 3.
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887:Crowsnest and Its People Millennium Edition
2138:Alberta–British Columbia foothills forests
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889:, Crowsnest Pass Historical Society, 2000.
883:, Crowsnest Pass Historical Society, 1979.
807:Crowsnest Pass Historical Society (1979).
783:"Pass Powderkeg Ski Area | Go Ski Alberta"
129:
1650:Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park
542:) traverses pass, reports coal deposits.
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
2215:Rail mountain passes of British Columbia
840:. Calgary: Alberta Culture. p. iii.
1597:Category:Rivers of the Canadian Rockies
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1592:List of rivers of the Canadian Rockies
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7:
638:1920: Train robbery and shootout at
368:(1,530 m or 5,020 ft) and
54:adding citations to reliable sources
2205:Canadian Pacific Railway facilities
2190:Mountain passes of British Columbia
1759:Sulphur Mountain Cosmic Ray Station
524:expedition avoid entering the pass.
2220:Regional District of East Kootenay
620:1914: an explosion in the mine at
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372:(1,680 m or 5,510 ft).
364:(1,640 m or 5,380 ft),
1764:First Oil Well in Western Canada
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2210:Rail mountain passes of Alberta
387:, eventually draining into the
41:needs additional citations for
1704:Jasper Park Information Centre
699:Municipality of Crowsnest Pass
1:
2200:Great Divide of North America
834:Babaian, Sharon Anne (1985).
586:) established. Settlement of
2143:North Central Rockies forest
626:Canada's worst mine disaster
288:Location in British Columbia
2225:Borders of British Columbia
1869:Dune Za Keyih (Frog-Gataga)
1358:Unnamed Alberta–BC mountain
568:1878: Government survey by
379:. On the Alberta side, the
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2195:Mountain passes of Alberta
1645:Waterton Biosphere Reserve
672:Sparwood, British Columbia
422:
301:(sometimes referred to as
192:Sparwood, British Columbia
18:
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1626:Parks and protected areas
561:. The western portion in
538:1873: Michael Phillipps (
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2133:Alberta Mountain forests
1934:Northern Rocky Mountains
881:Crowsnest and Its People
810:Crowsnest and its people
612:Fernie, British Columbia
588:Fernie, British Columbia
454:Canadian Pacific Railway
391:and ultimately reaching
178:Canadian Pacific Railway
2185:Crowsnest Pass, Alberta
1744:Abbot Pass Refuge Cabin
1361:(formerly Mount Pétain)
910:Crowsnest Railway Route
757:"2018 Sinister 7 Ultra"
697:amalgamate to form the
531:dispersed from area by
407:, and finally into the
403:, which feeds into the
188:Crowsnest Pass, Alberta
21:Crowsnest Pass, Alberta
2098:Ecozone and ecoregions
915:July 18, 2006, at the
603:1903: the cataclysmic
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234:49.63250°N 114.69250°W
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1889:Height of the Rockies
677:1979: Communities of
645:1923: 'Emperor Pic' (
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533:Blackfoot Confederacy
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307:col du Nid-de-Corbeau
140:Col du Nid-de-Corbeau
1739:Twin Falls Tea House
787:www.goskialberta.com
540:Hudson's Bay Company
239:49.63250; -114.69250
50:improve this article
230: /
2230:Borders of Alberta
2118:Montane Cordillera
1729:Kicking Horse Pass
1143:Continental Ranges
651:Florence Lassandro
584:Blairmore, Alberta
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362:Kicking Horse Pass
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346:Crowsnest Mountain
315:Continental Divide
165:1,358 m (4,455 ft)
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1983:Fortress Mountain
1961:
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1914:Mount Assiniboine
1864:Close To The Edge
1859:Akamina-Kishinena
1754:Banff Park Museum
1542:Columbia Icefield
1137:Winston Churchill
858:on August 9, 2016
763:on April 13, 2018
647:Emilio Picariello
520:1800: Members of
495:Natural resources
482:Crowsnest Highway
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2018:Sunshine Village
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563:British Columbia
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905:Pass Timeline
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570:George Dawson
567:
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555:First Nations
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311:mountain pass
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67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
1998:Marmot Basin
1949:
1924:Mount Robson
1919:Mount Fernie
1823:Spray Valley
1699:Jasper House
1595:
1562:Saskatchewan
1400:
1356:
1322:Stanley Peak
1307:Saskatchewan
1232:Edith Cavell
1148:
1141:
1102:South Jasper
900:Pass History
886:
880:
875:Bibliography
860:. Retrieved
856:the original
846:
836:
829:
809:
802:
790:. Retrieved
786:
777:
765:. Retrieved
761:the original
751:
529:Crow Indians
498:
489:Curtiss JN-4
486:
478:
466:
451:
448:
397:Nelson River
389:Oldman River
374:
351:
302:
298:
297:
170:Traversed by
127:
112:
106:January 2017
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
2069:Lake Louise
2027:Communities
2013:Powder King
1988:Lake Louise
1966:Ski resorts
1929:Muncho Lake
1843:Frank Slide
1813:Sheep River
1798:Ghost River
1793:Elbow-Sheep
1788:Bragg Creek
1287:Resplendent
1212:Castleguard
1182:Assiniboine
1150:Hart Ranges
1032:Livingstone
633:Prohibition
631:1916–1923:
605:Frank Slide
565:is unceded.
513:, from the
473:Great Lakes
313:across the
309:) is a low
237: /
225:114°41′33″W
212:Coordinates
2179:Categories
2127:ecoregions
1993:Little Mac
1828:White Goat
1803:Kananaskis
1783:Bow Valley
1719:Howse Pass
1516:Yellowhead
1441:Kananaskis
1217:Clemenceau
1027:Kananaskis
977:Beaverfoot
743:References
704:2017: The
701:, Alberta.
553:1877: The
527:ca. 1850:
462:Lethbridge
460:line from
393:Hudson Bay
366:Howse Pass
305:, French:
222:49°37′57″N
76:newspapers
2084:Valemount
1874:Elk Lakes
1532:Athabasca
1511:White Man
1501:Vermilion
1401:Crowsnest
1386:Athabasca
1317:Snow Dome
1262:Kitchener
1187:Athabasca
1177:Andromeda
1165:Mountains
1122:Vermilion
1067:President
1057:Morrissey
1022:High Rock
1017:Foothills
1002:Fairholme
992:Crowsnest
862:August 4,
792:April 12,
767:April 12,
691:Hillcrest
683:Blairmore
663:1946: An
622:Hillcrest
579:Columbia.
469:Crow Rate
425:Crow Rate
401:Elk River
333:Geography
262:Crowsnest
161:Elevation
2155:See also
2107:ecozones
2074:Sparwood
1909:Kwadacha
1833:Willmore
1818:Siffleur
1679:Kootenay
1659:National
1547:Crowfoot
1525:Glaciers
1491:Sunwapta
1481:Sinclair
1466:Palliser
1426:Highwood
1416:Fortress
1396:Carcajou
1252:Hungabee
1222:Columbia
1112:Terminal
1107:Sundance
1092:Sentinel
1062:Palliser
1012:Flathead
913:Archived
731:See also
687:Bellevue
640:Bellevue
559:Treaty 7
395:via the
329:border.
251:Topo map
194:, Canada
184:Location
145:(French)
2049:Elkford
2039:Canmore
2008:Nakiska
1605:Peoples
1567:Vulture
1496:Tonquin
1476:Simpson
1451:Monkman
1365:Whymper
1352:Ulysses
1342:Trinity
1327:Sulphur
1302:Sarbach
1282:Pyramid
1202:Cascade
1192:Brazeau
1172:Alberta
1132:Waputik
1087:Sawback
1077:Rainbow
1047:Massive
1042:Maligne
679:Coleman
504:History
413:Pacific
411:to the
323:Alberta
321:on the
317:of the
90:scholar
2064:Jasper
2054:Fernie
1978:Fernie
1884:Hamber
1674:Jasper
1586:Rivers
1552:Hector
1506:Wapiti
1486:Summit
1456:Muncho
1436:Jarvis
1421:Fraser
1374:Passes
1332:Temple
1312:Smythe
1297:Rundle
1292:Robson
1257:Joffre
1247:Hosmer
1242:Hector
1237:Forbes
1207:Castle
1037:Lizard
1007:Fiddle
960:Ranges
817:
693:, and
649:) and
610:1904:
143:
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
2059:Field
2034:Banff
1899:Kakwa
1779:Parks
1669:Banff
1665:Parks
1572:Wapta
1557:Peyto
1431:Howse
1406:Elbow
1381:Abbot
1277:Pilot
1272:Heart
1267:Lyell
1197:Bryce
1097:Slate
1052:Misty
695:Frank
642:Cafe.
467:"The
259:82G10
200:Range
97:JSTOR
83:books
1684:Yoho
1594:and
1590:see
1471:Pine
1391:Bush
1347:Twin
1227:Cory
982:Blue
972:Bare
967:Ball
864:2016
815:ISBN
794:2018
769:2018
452:The
69:news
2125:WWF
2105:CEC
1537:Bow
1411:Elk
1082:Ram
997:Elk
987:Bow
256:NTS
52:by
2181::
785:.
689:,
685:,
681:,
484:.
415:.
190:/
945:e
938:t
931:v
866:.
823:.
796:.
771:.
674:.
628:.
572:.
535:.
437:.
348:.
325:–
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
