576:, which was assaulted and taken by the Battler. The pressure from the North African army was notable, and the return was made in difficult conditions, having to lead a large number of civilians who must have greatly hindered the march, defending themselves. of the continuous attacks and forced to abandon many exhausted and sick people due to the duration and hardships of the long campaign carried out. Without rest, the contingent led by Alfonso arrived in Aragon in June 1126, decimated by diseases, but satisfied with the achievements achieved (winner in the only full pitched battle) and with the large Mozarabic population rescued.
59:
117:, as it was subject to the religious fanaticism of the Almoravid period. The Mozarabs of Granada proposed to Alfonso the Battler an internal rebellion against the ruling authority with the support of the Aragonese host; The conjunction was necessary, since Alfonso I, unlike the strategy used in the conquest of Zaragoza in 1118, did not bring assault machinery to Granada, a transport that was in any case extremely impracticable given the long distance that the expedition would travel and the logistical difficulties involved in penetrating so deeply into enemy territory.
395:
283:
244:, where he would find the support of thousands of Christian men of fighting age; also encouraging him with the story of the agricultural wealth of the Granada plains and the production of precious fabrics, as well as other excellences of that place. From these chronicles it is clear that the initial objective was to unite forces to conquer Granada and establish a Christian principality in its territory, following the example of the lordship that the
525:. During the journey, Muslim chronicles say that Alfonso said to one of his trusted lords "What a grave if they threw dirt at us from above!" and they comment that upon reaching the sea, the Aragonese ordered a boat to be launched from which they caught a fish that the king ate, and they wonder in the Andalusian stories if it was to leave an anecdote for the future or to fulfill a promise. It could be a gesture of taking possession of the sea.
564:, led by commanders Abu Hafs ibn Tuzyin and Inalu al-Lamtuni respectively. They harassed Alfonso I, who was forced to retreat towards the north. In Guadix they won in a skirmish with the king of Aragon where one of his main knights died, which gave Inalu al-Lamtumi the government of Granada to the detriment of the ineffective Abul Tahir Tamin ibn Yusuf. The Aragonese militia continued to withdraw through
25:
418:
in time, who were already preparing troops on both sides of the strait; In this way the surprise effect had been nullified and the initial plans had been ruined. The
Almoravids They had reinforced the defenses and received reinforcements to support themselves in the city, which finally led the Aragonese sovereign to abandon the attempt to take over the square.
417:
Due to the tense wait, the
Battler reproached the person in charge of the Mozarabs of Granada, Ibn al-Qalas, for not complying with the agreement, to which he reproached him for having delayed in skirmishes along the route and having revealed their position in Guadix, which had alerted the Almoravids
297:
The
Battler decided, after this background, to undertake the campaign with an army made up of about four or five thousand knights and a number of around fifteen thousand infantry, although the sources always give exaggerated figures and perhaps they should be reduced to one thousand or one thousand
120:
Alfonso I's combat morale was high, and the expedition set out in a spirit of great warrior exaltation. Documents from the years 1124 and 1125 referred to the
Battler with the terms "reigning in Spain" or "in all the land of Christians and Saracens of Spain", which gives an idea of the triumphalism
368:
He then decided to send letters to the
Christians, thereby revealing his presence less than sixty kilometers from Granada. The governor Abul Tahir did not dare to repress the subsequent Mozarabic insurgency, and the Christian population came to join the Battler's contingent. Abul Tahir, meanwhile,
584:
Alfonso never achieved his objectives during his campaign, despite boasting about defeating the Moors and ravaging their lands. Several 10,000 Mozarabs joined with the
Aragonese during their return. The Almoravids punished the Mozarabs by deporting them from Andalusia. A
216:
In 1124 he began preparations to undertake a military incursion into
Andalusian territory, encouraged by the call of the Mozarabs of Granada, led by Ibn al-Qalas, who requested his support to rebel against the Almoravid governor of the city, Abu Tahir Tamim ibn Yusuf.
413:
for more than ten days waiting either to have a pitched battle or for the
Mozarabic rebellion to open the doors of Granada. Despite the persistent bad weather and the vigilance of the city's military garrison, it was able to be supplied by the population Christian.
386:
to
Granada, in whose sight he was on January 7, 1126, with a contingent reinforced by Christians who, according to news from the Andalusian chronicles (which must always be taken with caution), reached fifty thousand men. According to the chronicle of the Norman
364:
satisfied with the progress of the expedition and without supply problems. The
Almoravids remained passive, without trying to attack the Aragonese monarch. Throughout their advance, groups of Mozarabs had continued to join their forces.
229:, lord of Zaragoza and main architect of the assault on the capital of the old Zaragoza taifa. Once this fortress was conquered, Alfonso I ensured free passage to the south of Levante, security in the rear and guarantees for the return.
360:, a city that he attacked on 4 December through one of its cemeteries and then, surrounding through the farmhouse of Graena and that of Alcázar, from the west. He finally settled in Guadix, where he remained for a month and he spent
129:, ex-wife of the Aragonese, would die shortly later, on March 8, 1126, without being able to see the end of the civil war that devastated their kingdoms. In this context Alfonso I undertook one of the most daring campaigns of the
220:
He began by securing the passage through the Peña Cadiella gorge (current Benicadell) in the winter of that year, taking the fortress that dominated it with a retinue formed by his most prominent knights, among whom was
165:, which had to be evicted by the Muslims who inhabited them. Men were also necessary to place in the Aragonese Extremadura and defend the new border, very expanded at that time, as it reached
593:
ordered the deportation of Mozarabs to the Maghreb. A sizable number were deported, but this ruling was not general, as many Mozarabs stayed in other places such as Córdoba and Granada.
329:, in the direction of Valencia. and they devastated the crops. Arriving at the coast, Alfonso's army began to attract Mozarabic contingents, who joined him. Through the steps of
1153:
1198:
113:. The initial objective was to establish a Christian principality in Granada, relying on the Mozarabic population that had insistently requested help from the
298:
five hundred knights and an indeterminate number of pawns. It had its most notable magnates: the aforementioned Gastón de Bearne, the bishop Esteban of
279:, were present at the meeting. They secured the support of the Selva Major Abbey of Bordeaux, which probably provided financing to the campaign.
1118:
356:
and, seeing that it was not well defended by fortifications, tried to take it by assault without success, so he resumed the expedition towards
549:, six kilometers from the capital, followed closely by the Islamic cavalry in perfect combat formation, which camped at the Atsa fountain and
121:
that was experienced in the environment of the Aragonese king at this time. dates. The contemporary leaders were not having the best of days:
43:
1107:
485:. There a pitched battle was fought on March 9, 1126, with the result of a decisive victory for the Aragonese, while in the Saldaña Castle (
1182:
122:
1165:
1088:
1067:
38:
477:
to meet the Battler, and reached him in Arnisol, Arinzol or Aranzuel, according to sources, current Anzur (today municipality of
260:
226:
314:, Judge Pedro Jiménez, and Mr. Ramón Arnaldo from Santa Cruz de Tudela. He left Zaragoza at the beginning of September 1125.
609:
According to Bosch Vilá y Serrano, the leader of these hosts was Abu-l-Tahir Tamim ben Yusuf, brother of the Almoravid emir.
466:
98:
126:
264:
1078:
222:
58:
1208:
1203:
66:
533:
From Vélez-Málaga, the Christian contingent once again directed its steps towards Granada, camping in the town of
267:, the magnate Duchy of Aquitaine Auger III of Miramont, viscount of Tursan—who had participated in the taking of
166:
391:, Alfonso's departure was joined in Granada by about ten thousand Mozarabs, who settled in the Ebro valley.
494:
459:
78:
206:
486:
426:
Realizing the impossibility of entering Granada, Alfonso dedicated himself to ravaging the fields of
307:
303:
1141:
394:
33:
565:
276:
514:
431:
282:
1161:
1133:
1103:
1084:
1063:
590:
286:
272:
210:
182:
142:
110:
569:
542:
510:
427:
398:
150:
1160:(in Spanish). Vol. 1. La formación territorial. Zaragoza: Anubar. pp. 172–179.
77:
was a campaign carried out for nine months (between September 2, 1125, and June 1126) by
1183:
Mapa de Aragón durante el reinado de Alfonso I e itinerario de la expedición a Andalucía
369:
requested reinforcements from the governors of Murcia and Valencia and his brother, the
114:
1192:
470:
447:
442:
to a place called in the chronicles "Assica" (perhaps in the current municipality of
388:
376:
353:
311:
233:
232:
The Arab chronicles indicate that the Mozarabic population of the mountain ranges of
561:
478:
451:
439:
94:
522:
443:
133:. The raid has gone down in historiography under the name of the "Host of Spain."
505:
After the victory in the Battle of Arnisol, the Battler headed south through the
538:
306:
and the prelate of Zaragoza, Pedro de Librana. Also part of the expedition were
190:
170:
130:
106:
409:
Faced with the fear of the Granadans, Alfonso I remained camped in the town of
293:
September 1125-January 1126. Departure of the expedition and arrival in Granada
529:
Arrival of North African Almoravid reinforcements and return of the expedition
506:
256:
240:
had insistently sent letters to the king of Aragon requesting that he come to
237:
194:
186:
82:
1137:
373:
361:
338:
268:
158:
90:
573:
346:
330:
546:
534:
490:
435:
410:
342:
249:
202:
146:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
474:
326:
259:
with the aim of designing the strategy. The square was a possession of
241:
102:
86:
557:
550:
518:
482:
455:
383:
357:
334:
322:
318:
299:
245:
174:
162:
154:
541:, repelling several Almoravid attacks. Two days later he arrived at
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
719:
717:
715:
713:
586:
198:
178:
57:
370:
161:) necessitated a significant contingent of new settlers for the
1119:"Dos fetuas sobre la expulsión de mozárabes al Magreb en 1126"
18:
1100:
Alfonso I el Batallador, rey de Aragón y Pamplona (1104-1134)
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
465:
While the king of Aragon toured the south of the current
700:
698:
1077:
Lacarra and Miguel (1978). "Expedition to Andalusia".
984:
908:
836:
756:
422:
Sacking of the south of Córdoba and victory of Arnisol
125:
had just been defeated in the battle of Corbins and
1058:Bosch Vilá, Jacinto; Molina López, Emilio (1998).
972:
945:
920:
881:
824:
795:
723:
689:
677:
665:
653:
641:
556:At that time, African reinforcements arrived from
509:following the narrow ravines of the course of the
352:Resuming the march, the Aragonese army arrived at
89:, he plundered fields and riches, he defeated the
141:The conquests of the large urban centers of the
1132:. Universidad Complutense de Madrid: 163–182.
458:. Then he headed back towards Córdoba through
93:army in pitched battle in Arnisol Anzur, near
1102:(in Spanish). Gijón: Trea. pp. 189–213.
8:
537:, where it remained three days, and then in
105:with which he repopulated the lands of the
75:Crusade of Alfonso I of Aragon in Andalusia
32:It has been suggested that this article be
629:
379:, who sent an important army from Africa.
1154:"La expedición por Andalucía (1125-1126)"
393:
281:
1199:Battles involving the Almoravid dynasty
996:
869:
783:
704:
622:
602:
85:, where he camped for a long time near
255:In March 1125 an assembly was held in
1083:(in Spanish). Guara. pp. 83–92.
1062:(in Spanish). University of Granada.
405:Operations before the city of Granada
7:
271:in 1118—and the bishops Esteban of
985:Bosch Vilá & Molina López 1998
909:Bosch Vilá & Molina López 1998
837:Bosch Vilá & Molina López 1998
757:Bosch Vilá & Molina López 1998
450:, and then turn southwest through
14:
501:Crossing to the sea: Vélez-Málaga
1035:Muhammad Abdullah Enan, p. 113-4
382:Alfonso I, then, headed through
333:and Peña Cadiella, they reached
123:Ramón Berenguer III of Barcelona
23:
1152:Ubieto Arteta, Antonio (1981).
1098:Lema Pueyo, José Ángel (2008).
1017:Muhammad Abdullah Enan, p. 112
1008:Muhammad Abdullah Enan, p. 112
101:) and rescued a contingent of
1:
473:, had left with troops from
469:, Abu Bakr, son of the emir
265:Centule II, Count of Bigorre
261:Gaston IV, Viscount of Béarn
227:Gaston IV, Viscount of Béarn
39:Granada campaign (1125–1126)
223:Rotrou III, Count of Perche
1225:
1126:Anaquel de Estudios Árabes
493:died and was succeeded by
317:The host advanced through
127:Urraca of León and Castile
109:recently conquered by the
67:Francisco Pradilla y Ortiz
49:Proposed since March 2024.
16:Military conflict, 1125–26
1117:Serrano, Delfina (1991).
1044:Bernard F. Reilly, p. 167
1026:Bernard F. Reilly, p. 167
513:and reached the coast of
349:and camp for eight days.
1181:Agustín Ubieto Arteta,
973:Lacarra and Miguel 1978
946:Lacarra and Miguel 1978
921:Lacarra and Miguel 1978
882:Lacarra and Miguel 1978
825:Lacarra and Miguel 1978
796:Lacarra and Miguel 1978
724:Lacarra and Miguel 1978
690:Lacarra and Miguel 1978
678:Lacarra and Miguel 1978
666:Lacarra and Miguel 1978
654:Lacarra and Miguel 1978
642:Lacarra and Miguel 1978
275:and Pedro Librana from
225:, count of Tudela, and
97:, south of the current
460:Aguilar de la Frontera
401:
289:
70:
397:
285:
263:, who, together with
79:Alfonso I the Battler
61:
304:Raymond of Barbastro
177:, in the northwest;
1080:Alfonso the Battler
839:, pp. 234–235.
566:Caravaca de la Cruz
495:Alfonso VII of León
467:province of Córdoba
99:province of Córdoba
81:in the interior of
63:Alfonso I de Aragon
1158:Historia de Aragón
402:
290:
205:to the south; and
71:
1209:Conflicts in 1126
1204:Conflicts in 1125
1109:978-84-9704-399-1
884:, pp. 89–90.
798:, pp. 88–89.
692:, pp. 87–88.
668:, pp. 85–86.
591:Ibn Rushd al-Jadd
430:and the south of
287:Almoravid dynasty
211:Horta de San Juan
183:Berlanga de Duero
143:Taifa of Zaragoza
111:kingdom of Aragon
56:
55:
51:
1216:
1171:
1148:
1146:
1140:. Archived from
1123:
1113:
1094:
1073:
1045:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
949:
943:
924:
918:
912:
906:
885:
879:
873:
867:
840:
834:
828:
822:
799:
793:
787:
781:
760:
754:
727:
721:
708:
702:
693:
687:
681:
675:
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
639:
633:
627:
610:
607:
434:, going through
47:
27:
26:
19:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1189:
1188:
1178:
1168:
1151:
1144:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1097:
1091:
1076:
1070:
1060:Los Almorávides
1057:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1003:
995:
991:
983:
979:
971:
952:
944:
927:
919:
915:
907:
888:
880:
876:
868:
843:
835:
831:
823:
802:
794:
790:
782:
763:
755:
730:
722:
711:
703:
696:
688:
684:
676:
672:
664:
660:
652:
648:
640:
636:
630:Lema Pueyo 2008
628:
624:
619:
614:
613:
608:
604:
599:
582:
545:and settled in
543:Vega de Granada
531:
511:Guadalfeo River
503:
428:Vega de Granada
424:
407:
399:Vega de Granada
295:
139:
52:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1222:
1220:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1177:
1176:External links
1174:
1173:
1172:
1166:
1149:
1147:on 2010-03-30.
1128:(in Spanish).
1114:
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1089:
1074:
1068:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1019:
1010:
1001:
999:, p. 167.
989:
987:, p. 236.
977:
950:
925:
913:
911:, p. 235.
886:
874:
872:, p. 166.
841:
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800:
788:
786:, p. 165.
761:
759:, p. 234.
728:
709:
707:, p. 163.
694:
682:
670:
658:
646:
634:
632:, p. 199.
621:
620:
618:
615:
612:
611:
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595:
581:
578:
530:
527:
502:
499:
489:) his ex-wife
423:
420:
406:
403:
308:Fortún Sánchez
294:
291:
145:by Alfonso I (
138:
135:
115:king of Aragon
54:
53:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1221:
1210:
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1167:84-7013-181-8
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1086:
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1055:
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1038:
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1023:
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1014:
1011:
1005:
1002:
998:
993:
990:
986:
981:
978:
975:, p. 91.
974:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
951:
948:, p. 90.
947:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
926:
922:
917:
914:
910:
905:
903:
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893:
891:
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883:
878:
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871:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
842:
838:
833:
830:
827:, p. 89.
826:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
801:
797:
792:
789:
785:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
762:
758:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
729:
726:, p. 88.
725:
720:
718:
716:
714:
710:
706:
701:
699:
695:
691:
686:
683:
680:, p. 85.
679:
674:
671:
667:
662:
659:
656:, p. 83.
655:
650:
647:
644:, p. 84.
643:
638:
635:
631:
626:
623:
616:
606:
603:
596:
594:
592:
588:
579:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
528:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
500:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:Ali ibn Yusuf
468:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
421:
419:
415:
412:
404:
400:
396:
392:
390:
389:Orderic Vital
385:
380:
378:
377:Ali ibn Yusuf
375:
372:
366:
363:
359:
355:
350:
348:
345:, to stop in
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
313:
309:
305:
302:, the bishop
301:
292:
288:
284:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
230:
228:
224:
218:
214:
213:to the east.
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
189:to the west;
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
136:
134:
132:
128:
124:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
68:
64:
60:
50:
45:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1157:
1142:the original
1129:
1125:
1099:
1079:
1059:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1004:
997:Serrano 1991
992:
980:
916:
877:
870:Serrano 1991
832:
791:
784:Serrano 1991
705:Serrano 1991
685:
673:
661:
649:
637:
625:
605:
583:
580:Consequences
555:
532:
515:Vélez-Málaga
504:
479:Puente Genil
464:
440:Pinos Puente
425:
416:
408:
381:
367:
351:
316:
296:
254:
231:
219:
215:
140:
119:
95:Puente Genil
74:
72:
62:
48:
37:
321:, Monreal,
171:Castrojeriz
131:Reconquista
107:Ebro Valley
1193:Categories
617:References
507:Alpujarras
257:Uncastillo
238:Alpujarras
195:Medinaceli
137:Background
83:al-Andalus
1138:1988-2645
568:(west of
523:Salobreña
444:Montefrío
374:Almoravid
362:Christmas
339:Almanzora
269:Saraqusta
159:Calatayud
91:Almoravid
547:La Zubia
539:Alhendín
491:Urraca I
487:Palencia
481:), near
436:Maracena
343:Purchena
277:Zaragoza
250:Valencia
191:Sigüenza
147:Zaragoza
103:Mozarabs
1052:Sources
475:Seville
446:). and
432:Córdoba
327:Segorbe
242:Granada
207:Morella
187:Almazán
167:Carrión
163:medinas
87:Granada
44:Discuss
1164:
1136:
1106:
1087:
1066:
574:Játiva
572:) and
570:Murcia
558:Meknes
551:Guadix
519:Motril
483:Lucena
456:Lucena
448:Espejo
384:Diezma
358:Guadix
347:Tíjola
335:Murcia
331:Játiva
323:Teruel
319:Daroca
312:ensign
300:Huesca
273:Huesca
175:Burgos
155:Daroca
151:Tudela
69:(1879)
34:merged
1145:(PDF)
1122:(PDF)
597:Notes
587:Fatwa
535:Dílar
452:Cabra
411:Nívar
234:Darro
203:Gúdar
199:Cella
179:Soria
36:into
1162:ISBN
1134:ISSN
1104:ISBN
1085:ISBN
1064:ISBN
560:and
521:and
454:and
438:and
371:emir
354:Baza
341:and
325:and
236:and
209:and
201:and
185:and
173:and
73:The
589:by
562:Fez
517:by
310:as
248:in
246:Cid
65:by
42:. (
1195::
1156:.
1124:.
953:^
928:^
889:^
844:^
803:^
764:^
731:^
712:^
697:^
553:.
497:.
462:.
337:,
252:.
197:,
193:,
181:,
169:,
157:,
153:,
149:,
1185:.
1170:.
1130:2
1112:.
1093:.
1072:.
923:.
46:)
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