209:
137:
112:
247:' movement, rather than of the lifeforms themselves) consisting of elongate, bilobed, approximately bilaterally symmetrical burrows, usually preserved along bedding planes, with a sculpture of repeated striations that are mostly oblique to the long dimension. It is found in marine and freshwater sediments. It first appears in upper
301:, the outline of which corresponds roughly to the outline of the trace-maker, and with sculpture that may reveal the approximate number of legs, although striations (scratchmarks) from a single leg may overlap or be repeated.
295:
traces can reach 15 mm across and 15 cm in length, with one end usually deeper and wider than the other. The burrow may begin or end with a resting trace called
646:
259:(specific scratch patterns are unique to specific time intervals), and because the traces can reveal many aspects of their makers' behavior.
326:
are commonly found associated together at one sedimentary horizon, suggesting that the traces were made by populations of arthropods.
706:
286:
803:
313:
is a feeding trace, rather than a locomotory trace formed by burrowing within a layer of mud as historically believed.
131:
717:
352:
Woolfe, K.J. (1990). "Trace fossils as paleoenvironmental indicators in the Taylor Group (Devonian) of
Antarctica".
808:
136:
532:
population in the Moyer Ridge Member of the
Bloomsberg Formation (Late Silurian)-Snyder County, Pennsylvania".
733:
775:
208:
701:
305:, and conceivably other ichnospecies, appears to have been formed by the concatenation of a series of
459:
400:
361:
625:
541:
475:
219:
780:
642:
428:
278:
223:
673:
617:
584:
510:
467:
418:
408:
387:
Daley, Allison C.; Antcliffe, Jonathan B.; Drage, Harriet B.; Pates, Stephen (22 May 2018).
369:
256:
463:
404:
365:
423:
388:
797:
629:
514:
479:
373:
69:
697:
693:
318:
236:
639:
Trace
Fossils from the Lower Cambrian Mickwitzia Sandstone, South-Central Sweden
44:
756:
393:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
621:
297:
270:
266:
89:
54:
662:
traces from the Late
Silurian (Pridoli) carbonate shelf of Saaremaa, Estonia"
721:
413:
248:
181:
168:
148:
123:
94:
38:
767:
432:
678:
657:
750:
282:
244:
216:
84:
79:
64:
59:
49:
31:
27:
545:
471:
99:
74:
589:
560:
111:
285:
sediments that were deposited after trilobites became extinct at the
240:
158:
727:
281:
that would have been unsuitable environments for trilobites, and in
322:
may be produced where the trackmaker sped up. Several specimens of
207:
608:
Goldring, R. (1 May 2009). "The formation of the trace fossil".
389:"Early fossil record of Euarthropoda and the Cambrian Explosion"
731:
528:
Garlock, T. L.; Isaacson, P. E. (1977). "An occurrence of a
501:: trace fossils produced by trilobites β¦ in some cases?".
559:
Kesidis, Giannis; Budd, Graham E.; Jensen, SΓΆren (2018).
561:"An intermittent mode of formation for the trace fossil
255:
has been extensively studied because it has uses in
740:
354:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
277:appears in non-marine formations such as the
8:
347:
345:
343:
341:
339:
251:rocks of northern Iran and northern Norway.
728:
110:
17:
677:
588:
422:
412:
335:
7:
716:beds in the Lower Ordovician of the
702:Graphic--(trilobite and burrow, etc)
446:Seilacher, A. (1994). "How valid is
666:Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences
14:
515:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00208.x
135:
694:Trackways and associated burrow
1:
265:is typically associated with
374:10.1016/0031-0182(90)90139-X
269:but can also made by other
132:Trace fossil classification
825:
565:as a serial repetition of
622:10.1017/S0016756800034099
130:
118:
109:
20:
493:Donovan, S. K. (2010). "
309:traces, suggesting that
804:Arthropod trace fossils
414:10.1073/pnas.1719962115
637:Jensen, Soren (2006).
227:
122:, fossil trackways of
776:Paleobiology Database
707:Argentine article on
679:10.3176/earth.2014.06
452:Geologische Rundschau
211:
718:Cordillera Oriental
610:Geological Magazine
464:1994GeoRu..83..752S
405:2018PNAS..115.5323D
366:1990PPP....80..301W
472:10.1007/BF00251073
287:end of the Permian
228:
220:Brallier Formation
791:
790:
734:Taxon identifiers
698:Photo--(Close-up)
648:978-82-00-37665-1
590:10.1111/let.12303
399:(21): 5323β5331.
279:Beacon Supergroup
224:Harrell Formation
206:
205:
202:
816:
809:Fossil trackways
784:
783:
771:
770:
761:
760:
759:
729:
683:
681:
656:Vinn, O (2014).
652:
633:
595:
594:
592:
571:Cruziana tenella
556:
550:
549:
525:
519:
518:
490:
484:
483:
450:stratigraphy?".
443:
437:
436:
426:
416:
384:
378:
377:
360:(3β4): 301β310.
349:
303:Cruziana tenella
200:
193:
180:
140:
139:
114:
104:
41:
26:Temporal range:
18:
824:
823:
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813:
794:
793:
792:
787:
779:
774:
766:
764:
755:
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749:
736:
690:
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602:Further reading
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492:
491:
487:
445:
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386:
385:
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316:The ichnogenus
257:biostratigraphy
201:d'Orbigny, 1842
199:
191:
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134:
105:
103:
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97:
92:
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82:
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72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
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36:
35:
24:
12:
11:
5:
822:
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704:
689:
688:External links
686:
685:
684:
653:
647:
634:
603:
600:
597:
596:
569:: The case of
551:
540:(2): 282β287.
520:
509:(2): 283β284.
485:
458:(4): 752β758.
438:
379:
334:
333:
331:
328:
204:
203:
189:
185:
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176:
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582:
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573:(Linnarsson)"
572:
568:
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555:
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547:
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535:
534:Palaeontology
531:
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66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
40:
37:537β250
33:
29:
23:
19:
16:
741:
713:
712:"Remarkable
708:
672:(2): 71β75.
669:
665:
659:
638:
616:(1): 65β72.
613:
609:
580:
576:
570:
566:
562:
554:
537:
533:
529:
523:
506:
502:
498:
494:
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455:
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447:
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396:
392:
382:
357:
353:
323:
319:Diplichnites
317:
315:
310:
306:
302:
296:
292:
291:
274:
262:
261:
252:
237:trace fossil
231:
230:
229:
212:
195:
194:
188:Ichnogenus:
119:
21:
15:
583:: 133β148.
243:records of
798:Categories
567:Rusophycus
499:Rusophycus
330:References
307:Rusophycus
298:Rusophycus
271:arthropods
267:trilobites
169:Arthropoda
124:trilobites
722:Argentina
641:. Wiley.
630:130340569
480:129504434
249:Fortunian
245:lifeforms
215:from the
182:Trilobita
155:Kingdom:
149:Eukaryota
765:BioLib:
757:Q5190350
751:Wikidata
742:Cruziana
714:Cruziana
709:Cruziana
660:Cruziana
563:Cruziana
530:Cruziana
495:Cruziana
448:Cruziana
433:29784780
324:Cruziana
311:Cruziana
293:Cruziana
289:Period.
283:Triassic
275:Cruziana
263:Cruziana
253:Cruziana
232:Cruziana
217:Devonian
213:Cruziana
196:Cruziana
165:Phylum:
159:Animalia
145:Domain:
120:Cruziana
32:Triassic
28:Cambrian
22:Cruziana
768:1181354
577:Lethaia
546:1303607
503:Lethaia
460:Bibcode
424:6003487
401:Bibcode
362:Bibcode
175:Class:
645:
628:
544:
478:
431:
421:
241:fossil
781:83880
720:, NW
626:S2CID
542:JSTOR
476:S2CID
235:is a
643:ISBN
497:and
429:PMID
45:Preκ
674:doi
618:doi
614:122
585:doi
511:doi
468:doi
419:PMC
409:doi
397:115
370:doi
222:or
800::
778::
753::
724:".
700:;
696:;
670:63
668:.
664:.
624:.
612:.
581:52
579:.
575:.
538:51
536:.
507:43
505:.
474:.
466:.
456:83
454:.
427:.
417:.
407:.
395:.
391:.
368:.
358:80
356:.
338:^
273:.
126:.
95:Pg
39:Ma
34:,
30:-
682:.
676::
658:"
651:.
632:.
620::
593:.
587::
548:.
517:.
513::
482:.
470::
462::
435:.
411::
403::
376:.
372::
364::
239:(
226:.
192:β
179:β
100:N
90:K
85:J
80:T
75:P
70:C
65:D
60:S
55:O
50:κ
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