31:
147:
308:
642:
248:
462:
759:
1150:
902:
158:, that occupies thirty hectares. The boundaries of this are taken as being the Via Appia Antica, the Via Ardeatina and the Vicolo delle Sette Chiese. The area of the catacomb proper is about fifteen hectares, and it goes down for five levels. A rough estimate puts the length of passageways at about twenty kilometres, and the occupancy at about half a million bodies.
1191:
861:
720:
940:
43:
977:
1111:
814:
567:
377:(c. 440) lists the following popes: Sixtus II, Dionysius, Cornelius, Felix, Pontianus, Fabianus, Gaius, Eusebius, Melchiades, Stephen, Urban I, Lucius, and Anterus, a list not including any 2nd century tombs. The Crypt of the Popes quickly filled up in the 4th century, causing other popes to be buried in related catacombs, such as the
680:
1021:
512:
244:; on a marble copy of the end of the 4th century (of which fragments may be seen on the opposite wall) may be read of an inscription by Damasus which highlights Eusebius' role in the resolution of schism in the early church, particularly as it related to the acceptance of apostates.
232:, the Eucharist and the resurrection of the flesh; in the region of Saint Militiades next door, a child's sarcophagus has a front sculpted with biblical episodes. In the region of Saints Gaius and Eusebius are some crypts set apart, opposite each other, with the tombs of
173:(end of the 3rd century), West region (built in the first half of the 4th century) and the Liberian region (second half of the 4th century), all showing grandiose underground architecture. A modern staircase, on the site of an ancient one, was built by
707:
Translated from
Sardinia (the "Isle of Death") by Pope Fabian in 237, buried in the papal crypt on November 12; two extant engravings: ΠONTIANOC EΠI MΡ ("Pontianus Bi Mr"); and ΕΝθΕΩΝ ΠΟΝΤΙΑΝΕ ΖΗϹΗϹ ("Mayest thou live, Pontianus, in God with all")
169:, where some of the most sacred memories of the place are preserved (including the crypt of the Popes, the crypt of Saint Cecilia, and the crypt of the Sacraments); the other regions are named the region of Saint Gaius and the region of
927:
Alleged relics of Popes
Sylvester I, Stephen I, and Dionysius were exhumed and enshrined beneath the high altar of San Silvestro in Capite in 1601; no archaeological evidence in the Catacomb of Callixtus
667:
Not to be confused with a non-Roman bishop Urban buried in the catacomb of
Praetextatus; slab in Crypt of the Popes bears the Greek words: OYPBANOC E ("Urban, Bishop"), but identification is not certain
890:
Translated from the
Catacomb of Callixtus to Old Saint Peter's by Paschal I; translated from Old Saint Peter's to San Sisto Vecchio by Leo IV; lengthy epitaph discovered in the Catacomb of Callixtus
228:. A short distance away, an arcade dating to the end of the 2nd century gives access to the cubicula of the sacraments, with their frescoes from the first half of the 3rd century hinting at
315:
At its peak, the 15-hectare (37-acre) site would have held the remains of 16 popes and 50 martyrs. Nine of those popes were buried in the Crypt of the Popes itself, to which
747:
Possibly the first pope in the Crypt of the Popes; inscription reads ΑΝΘΕΡΩϹ EΠI ("Anterus, Bishop") and is broken such that it could have once mentioned him as a martyr
271:) is first called pope and first openly professes belief in the final resurrection. In a region further from there, the so-called "Crypt of Lucina", is the burial of
1220:
Buried with his mother, Laurentia, and sister, Irene; sarcophagus inscription extant; head allegedly in a reliquary donated by
Clement VIII to St. Peter's
177:, giving access to the region of the Popes, in which is to be found the Crypt of the Popes, where nine pontiffs and, perhaps, eight representatives of the
1627:
1256:, chapters 3 and 4 describe a visit to the catacomb. As it was published in 1860, this is an early literary description of the recently discovered site.
275:, whose tomb still has its original inscription giving him the title of martyr and, on its sides, splendid paintings with figures in 7th and 8th century
1312:
146:
30:
849:
Extant inscription reads "Lucius, Bishop" (Greek: ΛΟΥΚΙϹ) sarcophagus that once held remains is extant in Santa
Cecilia in Trastevere
1615:
1265:
1302:
1179:
Only pope entombed in the
Catacomb of Callixtus during the "long peace"; buried in a large sarcophagus with a roof-shaped cover
240:, who died in Sicily where he had been exiled by Maxentius and whose body was translated to Rome during the pontificate of
1676:
1233:
307:
1607:
789:
836:
785:
291:. In a nearby cubiculum are some of the most ancient burials, after AD 175, with Roman frescoes of (on the ceiling)
1666:
1049:
348:
263:
and the double cubiculum of
Severus, which contains a rhythmic inscription (dated to no later than 304) in which a
210:
135:
79:
224:
in 821: the early 9th-century frescoes on the walls represent Saint
Cecilia praying, the bust of the Redeemer and
1174:
1043:
840:
742:
593:
534:
354:
Outside the Crypt of the Popes, the region of Saints Gaius and
Eusebius is so named for the facing tombs of
127:
390:
276:
103:
1215:
414:
378:
1055:
Inscription reads: ΓY EΠI / ΚΑΘ / ΚΑΛ MAIΩ ("The deposition of Caius, Bishop, the 22nd day of April")
1457:
Johnson, Mark Joseph (1997). "Pagan-Christian Burial Practices of the Fourth Century: Shared Tombs?".
1671:
1009:
Last pope buried in the Crypt of the Popes; inscription reads: EYTYXIANOC EΠΙC ("Eutychian, Bishop")
794:
Greek inscription from the Catacomb of Callixtus is extant; translated to San Martino by Sergius II (
781:
550:
260:
799:
641:
1253:
999:
402:
115:
802:); sarcophagus inscribed with ΦΑΒΙΑΝΟϹ ΕΠΙ ΜΡ ("Phabianos Bi Mr") in San Sebastiano fuori le mura
1474:
1370:
202:
201:. In the far wall Pope Sixtus II was also buried, after he was killed during the persecution of
1603:
The Deaths of the Popes: Comprehensive Accounts, Including Funerals, Burial Places and Epitaphs
256:
255:
Along "passage O" north of the Crypt of the Popes are, in succession, the crypt of the martyrs
1611:
1308:
1004:
965:
According to legend buried in the "Cemetery of the Two Felixes", which has never been located
885:
538:
406:
59:
1353:
Saghy, Marianne (2000). "Scinditur in partes populus: Pope Damasus and the Martyrs of Rome".
299:
and (on the far wall) two fish with a basket of loaves behind it, a symbol of the Eucharist.
288:
1466:
1362:
394:
268:
170:
119:
91:
71:
134:. The Catacomb and Crypt were rediscovered in 1854 by the pioneering Italian archaeologist
573:
418:
410:
374:
123:
95:
555:
Possibly never buried in Catacomb of Callixtus and confused with a martyr buried in 304
1197:
1156:
983:
908:
867:
844:
487:
363:
344:
340:
320:
316:
280:
272:
264:
241:
221:
206:
198:
181:
had been buried – along its walls are the original Greek inscriptions for the pontiffs
174:
162:
131:
758:
247:
1660:
1478:
1374:
1242:
1117:
820:
542:
491:
468:
398:
382:
359:
336:
292:
237:
217:
194:
166:
461:
946:
726:
686:
648:
478:
328:
324:
225:
186:
182:
178:
107:
497:
Sarcophagus which may have once contained remains is extant in the Altemps Palace
1601:
1238:
765:
332:
190:
17:
1027:
518:
355:
233:
63:
1642:
1629:
1366:
1149:
901:
386:
1470:
362:(translated from Sicily). In another region, there is a tomb attributed to
1190:
860:
719:
679:
598:
First pope buried in the Catacomb, which he ordered Callixtus to organize
696:
481:(some sources say he was originally buried in the Catacomb of Callixtus)
99:
1245:, along with his wife Esther and Malluch, decide to build the catacomb.
1343:
Matilda Webb: "The Churches and Catacombs of Early Christian Rome" 2002
939:
284:
229:
976:
42:
35:
1127:
1110:
813:
566:
1020:
546:
306:
296:
246:
145:
111:
41:
29:
205:; in front of his tomb Pope Damasus had carved an inscription in
511:
122:; the final wave of translations from the crypt occurred under
1301:
Carragáin, Éamonn Ó; Neuman de Vegvar, Carol L., eds. (2007).
154:
The catacomb forms part of an ancient funerary complex, the
319:
built a staircase in the 4th century. Among the discovered
114:
fell into disuse and decay as the relics it contained were
1568:
1566:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1522:
1520:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1490:
1488:
1440:
1438:
1425:
1423:
1284:
1282:
1280:
90:
The Catacomb is believed to have been created by future
1410:
1408:
1304:
Roma felix: formation and reflections of medieval Rome
161:
This catacomb's most ancient parts are the crypt of
798:) or combined with Sixtus II in Old St. Peter's (
150:Christians celebrating Liturgy in the catacombs.
94:, then a deacon of Rome, under the direction of
209:in characters thought up by the calligrapher
8:
165:, the region of the Popes and the region of
1334:Meera Lester: "Sacred Travels" 2011, p. 244
130:, which unlike the Catacomb was within the
98:, enlarging pre-existing early Christian
46:Grave niches in the Catacomb of Callixtus
1065:
608:
428:
323:inscriptions are those associated with:
102:. Callixtus himself was entombed in the
1584:
1572:
1557:
1545:
1526:
1511:
1494:
1444:
1429:
1414:
1399:
1387:
1307:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 59.
1288:
1276:
1138:Inscription and lengthy epitaph extant
216:In the adjoining crypt is the grave of
283:and Cornelius and the African bishops
7:
1047:Church built over his original house
1459:Journal of Early Christian Studies
251:Grave of St. Cecilia, March, 2018.
118:from the catacombs to the various
66:, most notable for containing the
25:
1266:List of ancient monuments in Rome
370:", also attributed to Filocalus.
126:in the 9th century, primarily to
1189:
1148:
1109:
1019:
975:
938:
900:
859:
812:
757:
718:
678:
640:
565:
510:
460:
343:. A more lengthy inscription to
1185:1 October 366 – 11 December 384
934:5 January 269 – 30 December 274
855:30/31 August 257 – 6 August 258
753:10 January 236 – 20 January 250
714:21 November 235 – 3 January 236
220:, whose relics were removed by
82:from the 2nd to 4th centuries.
1015:17 December 283 – 22 April 296
971:4 January 275 – 7 December 283
674:21 July 230 – 28 September 235
590:Not in the Crypt of the Popes
1:
1608:McFarland & Company, Inc.
1234:Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ
1100:
1093:
896:22 July 259 – 26 December 268
38:of the Catacomb of Callixtus.
1084:Post-Callixtus translations
790:San Sebastiano fuori le mura
627:Post-Callixtus translations
447:Post-Callixtus translations
78:), which once contained the
1144:2 July 311 – 11 January 314
1078:Pre-Callixtus translations
837:Santa Cecilia in Trastevere
621:Pre-Callixtus translations
441:Pre-Callixtus translations
413:, father and son), and the
366:, bearing the inscription "
1693:
1600:Reardon, Wendy J. (2004).
1182:
1141:
1090:
1081:Location within Callixtus
1012:
968:
931:
893:
852:
805:
750:
711:
671:
633:
624:Location within Callixtus
558:
500:
453:
444:Location within Callixtus
351:has also been discovered.
349:Furius Dionisius Filocalus
236:(with an inscription) and
211:Furius Dionysius Filocalus
136:Giovanni Battista de Rossi
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1068:
808:25 June 253 – 5 March 254
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
611:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
431:
1213:Old St. Peter's Basilica
1071:
924:San Silvestre in Capite
883:Old St. Peter's Basilica
786:Old St. Peter's Basilica
614:
434:
179:ecclesiastical hierarchy
52:Catacomb(s) of Callixtus
1643:41.858927°N 12.510808°E
1367:10.1111/1468-0254.00070
1175:San Silvestre in Capite
1050:Sant'Andrea della Valle
1044:San Silvestro in Capite
841:San Silvestro in Capite
743:San Silvestro in Capite
594:San Silvestro in Capite
535:San Silvestro in Capite
128:San Silvestro in Capite
1471:10.1353/earl.1997.0029
1132:Crypt of St. Eusebius
1040:Crypt of St. Eusebius
391:Catacomb of Calepodius
312:
311:The Crypt of the Popes
252:
151:
104:Catacomb of Calepodius
80:tombs of several popes
47:
39:
1355:Early Medieval Europe
1216:San Lorenzo in Damaso
415:Catacomb of Felicitas
379:Catacomb of Priscilla
310:
250:
156:Complesso Callistiano
149:
56:Cemetery of Callixtus
45:
33:
1677:Rome Q. XX Ardeatino
1648:41.858927; 12.510808
1075:Common English name
782:San Martino ai Monti
661:Unknown (see notes)
618:Common English name
551:San Martino ai Monti
438:Common English name
1639: /
1254:Nathaniel Hawthorne
1052:(Barberini chapel)
996:Crypt of the Popes
959:Crypt of the Popes
921:Crypt of the Popes
880:Crypt of the Popes
833:Crypt of the Popes
778:Crypt of the Popes
739:Crypt of the Popes
701:Crypt of the Popes
583:Private cemetery ("
403:Catacomb of Pontian
383:Catacomb of Balbina
373:A plaque placed by
279:representing popes
54:(also known as the
1227:In popular culture
796:Liber Pontificalis
313:
253:
152:
68:Crypt of the Popes
48:
40:
27:Ancient Roman site
1667:Catacombs of Rome
1314:978-0-7546-6096-5
1224:
1223:
1204:
1186:
1165:
1145:
1124:
1106:
1059:
1058:
1034:
1016:
1005:Sarzana Cathedral
990:
972:
953:
935:
915:
897:
886:San Sisto Vecchio
874:
856:
827:
809:
772:
754:
733:
715:
693:
675:
655:
637:
602:
601:
580:
562:
539:San Sisto Vecchio
525:
507:
475:
457:
407:Pope Anastasius I
369:
293:the Good Shepherd
76:Cappella dei Papi
60:Catacombs of Rome
16:(Redirected from
1684:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1621:
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1543:
1530:
1524:
1515:
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1403:
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1341:
1335:
1332:
1326:
1325:
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1292:
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1202:
1193:
1184:
1161:
1152:
1143:
1122:
1113:
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1102:
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1032:
1023:
1014:
988:
979:
970:
951:
942:
933:
913:
904:
895:
872:
863:
854:
825:
816:
807:
770:
761:
752:
731:
722:
713:
691:
682:
673:
653:
644:
635:
609:
585:in cymiterio suo
578:
569:
560:
523:
514:
502:
473:
464:
455:
429:
395:Pope Callixtus I
368:CORNELIVS MARTYR
367:
120:churches of Rome
92:Pope Callixtus I
58:) is one of the
34:Entrance to the
21:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1657:
1656:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1633:
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1626:
1625:
1618:
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1591:
1583:
1579:
1571:
1564:
1556:
1552:
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1533:
1525:
1518:
1510:
1501:
1493:
1486:
1456:
1455:
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1443:
1436:
1428:
1421:
1413:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1386:
1382:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1287:
1278:
1274:
1262:
1250:The Marble Faun
1229:
1214:
1201:
1164:Saint Miltiades
1163:
1160:
1121:
1103:
1096:
1064:
1048:
1046:
1031:
1003:
989:Saint Eutychian
987:
950:
914:Saint Dionysius
912:
884:
873:Saint Sixtus II
871:
843:
839:
824:
788:
784:
769:
730:
690:
652:
607:
577:
549:
541:
537:
522:
474:Saint Anicetus
472:
427:
419:Pope Boniface I
411:Pope Innocent I
375:Pope Sixtus III
305:
277:Byzantine style
144:
124:Pope Sergius II
96:Pope Zephyrinus
88:
28:
23:
22:
18:Crypt of Lucina
15:
12:
11:
5:
1690:
1688:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1659:
1658:
1623:
1622:
1616:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1577:
1562:
1550:
1531:
1516:
1499:
1484:
1449:
1434:
1432:, p. 270.
1419:
1404:
1392:
1380:
1345:
1336:
1327:
1313:
1293:
1291:, p. 291.
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1194:
1187:
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1180:
1177:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1153:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1125:
1123:Saint Eusebius
1114:
1107:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1041:
1038:
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1024:
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1010:
1007:
997:
994:
991:
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973:
967:
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943:
936:
930:
929:
925:
922:
919:
916:
905:
898:
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891:
888:
881:
878:
875:
864:
857:
851:
850:
847:
845:Santa Prassede
834:
831:
828:
817:
810:
804:
803:
800:Petrus Mallius
792:
779:
776:
773:
762:
755:
749:
748:
745:
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737:
734:
723:
716:
710:
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659:
656:
645:
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631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
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613:
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596:
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588:
581:
579:Saint Zephyrin
570:
563:
557:
556:
553:
532:
529:
526:
515:
508:
499:
498:
495:
488:Altemps Palace
485:
482:
476:
465:
458:
452:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
426:
423:
364:Pope Cornelius
358:("Caius") and
345:Pope Sixtus II
341:Pope Eutychian
321:Greek language
317:Pope Damasus I
304:
301:
273:Pope Cornelius
267:(at that time
265:bishop of Rome
222:Pope Paschal I
175:Pope Damasus I
171:Saint Eusebius
143:
140:
132:Aurelian Walls
87:
84:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1689:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1655:
1652:
1619:
1617:0-7864-1527-4
1613:
1610:p. 320.
1609:
1605:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1587:, p. 37.
1586:
1581:
1578:
1575:, p. 33.
1574:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1560:, p. 32.
1559:
1554:
1551:
1548:, p. 31.
1547:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1529:, p. 30.
1528:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1514:, p. 28.
1513:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1497:, p. 27.
1496:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1447:, p. 26.
1446:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1417:, p. 25.
1416:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1402:, p. 11.
1401:
1396:
1393:
1390:, p. 10.
1389:
1384:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1346:
1340:
1337:
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1316:
1310:
1306:
1305:
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1285:
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1271:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1257:
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1251:
1248:In the novel
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1243:Judah Ben-Hur
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360:Pope Eusebius
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337:Pope Lucius I
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238:Pope Eusebius
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218:Saint Cecilia
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167:Saint Cecilia
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44:
37:
32:
19:
1624:
1602:
1585:Reardon 2004
1580:
1573:Reardon 2004
1558:Reardon 2004
1553:
1546:Reardon 2004
1527:Reardon 2004
1512:Reardon 2004
1495:Reardon 2004
1465:(1): 37–59.
1462:
1458:
1452:
1445:Reardon 2004
1430:Reardon 2004
1415:Reardon 2004
1400:Reardon 2004
1395:
1388:Reardon 2004
1383:
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1354:
1348:
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1330:
1318:. Retrieved
1303:
1296:
1289:Reardon 2004
1249:
1247:
1232:
1230:
1196:
1155:
1116:
1069:Pontificate
1026:
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826:Saint Lucius
819:
795:
771:Saint Fabian
764:
725:
685:
647:
612:Pontificate
584:
572:
524:Saint Soter
517:
503:
479:Vatican Hill
467:
432:Pontificate
372:
353:
329:Pope Anterus
325:Pope Pontian
314:
254:
226:Pope Urban I
215:
207:poetic metre
160:
155:
153:
108:Aurelian Way
89:
75:
67:
55:
51:
49:
1672:Papal tombs
1646: /
1239:Lew Wallace
1135:None known
1062:4th century
1033:Saint Caius
962:None known
952:Saint Felix
704:None known
664:None known
654:Saint Urban
636:222/223–230
605:3rd century
506:166–174/175
425:2nd century
333:Pope Fabian
303:Papal tombs
269:Marcellinus
142:Description
1661:Categories
1634:12°30′39″E
1631:41°51′32″N
1594:References
1361:(3): 273.
1162:Melchiades
1104: 310
1097: 309
574:Zephyrinus
356:Pope Gaius
261:Parthenius
242:Militiades
234:Pope Gaius
116:translated
64:Appian Way
1479:170377420
1375:161067498
1198:Damasus I
1157:Miltiades
1072:Portrait
1002:(Sarzana)
984:Eutychian
909:Dionysius
868:Sixtus II
615:Portrait
435:Portrait
387:Pope Mark
281:Sixtus II
257:Calogerus
199:Eutychian
1260:See also
1210:Unknown
1171:Unknown
1118:Eusebius
821:Lucius I
697:Sardinia
531:Unknown
484:Unknown
469:Anicetus
203:Valerian
195:Lucius I
1320:May 26,
947:Felix I
727:Anterus
687:Pontian
649:Urban I
561:199–217
456:155–166
401:), the
389:), the
297:orantes
289:Ottatus
285:Cyprian
230:baptism
187:Anterus
183:Pontian
106:on the
100:hypogea
86:History
72:Italian
62:on the
1614:
1477:
1373:
1311:
1128:Sicily
1087:Notes
766:Fabian
630:Notes
543:Toledo
450:Notes
417:(only
405:(only
393:(only
385:(only
381:, the
339:, and
191:Fabian
163:Lucina
110:. The
1475:S2CID
1371:S2CID
1272:Notes
1207:None
1168:None
1037:None
1028:Caius
993:None
956:None
918:None
877:None
830:None
775:None
736:None
658:None
547:Spain
528:None
519:Soter
112:crypt
36:areal
1612:ISBN
1322:2009
1309:ISBN
409:and
397:and
295:and
287:and
259:and
197:and
50:The
1467:doi
1363:doi
1252:by
1237:by
587:")
421:).
347:by
1663::
1606:.
1565:^
1534:^
1519:^
1502:^
1487:^
1473:.
1461:.
1437:^
1422:^
1407:^
1369:.
1357:.
1279:^
1241:,
1101:c.
1099:–
1094:c.
545:,
504:c.
494:)
335:,
331:,
327:,
213:.
193:,
189:,
185:,
138:.
74::
1620:.
1481:.
1469::
1463:5
1377:.
1365::
1359:9
1324:.
490:(
70:(
20:)
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