33:
46:
235:
243:
836:
822:
277:
along the exposed coasts of the
Pacific Ocean. Intertidal species of Lithodidae prefer habitats of cooler temperatures ranging from 0–25 °C (32–77 °F) and temperatures of 16 °C (61 °F) during larval development. This causes a restriction on their distribution as water temperatures
261:
extends forwards from the carapace, gradually widening before ending abruptly. From above, only the eyes and second antennae are visible. The ventral side is commonly white in color, and the abdomen is protected by multiple hard plates that lack raised margins. The chelipeds are smooth. The fifth
739:
257:, giving them their common names of turtle crab, umbrella crab or helmet crab. The carapace can be 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) at the adult stage and has scalloped edges. This carapace ranges from neutral sandy colors to bright oranges, reds, and purples. The
751:
351:
may be hard to spot due to its rough, rock-like exterior, but it is easily caught due to its slow movements. Found most commonly in the intertidal zone, this species feeds on
1113:
1103:
848:
1123:
721:
966:
1005:
840:
940:
979:
1108:
773:
Graham, Michael H. (2004). "Effects of Local
Deforestation on the Diversity and Structure of Southern California Giant Kelp Forest Food Webs".
1031:
340:
males and females have symmetrical abdomens, yet females have a greater number of accessory plates on the left side of the third tergite.
826:
668:
1128:
600:
554:
505:
539:
Seashore Life of the
Northern Pacific Coast: An Illustrated Guide to Northern California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia
1070:
273:
can be found from southern Alaska to southern
California, where they are common. They live within 18 m (59 ft) of the
690:
546:
984:
399:
905:
45:
1118:
222:
extends over its legs such that when it pulls in its legs, it resembles a small stone. It lives in rocky areas from the
914:
436:
176:
1010:
332:
stage. Upon reaching the adult stage, the first and second abdominal segments have fused and the sixth tergite and
675:
587:
Marine Life of the
Pacific Northwest: A Photographic Encyclopedia of Invertebrates, Seaweeds and Selected Fishes
1138:
644:"Global bottlenecks in the distribution of marine Crustacea: temperature constraints in the family Lithodidae"
1133:
651:
867:
775:
747:
440:
296:
215:
919:
160:
1075:
621:
404:
453:
Bulletin de la Classe physico-mathématique de l'Académie Impériale des
Sciences de Saint Pétersbourg
1098:
387:
997:
355:. The reason for the diverse colorations of its carapace may be camouflage with its surroundings.
1062:
800:
792:
713:
592:
40:
585:
971:
1044:
596:
560:
550:
534:
511:
501:
460:
412:, fostering the ideal temperature for various species that are temperature-sensitive, such as
258:
1049:
784:
705:
660:
643:
628:
409:
234:
1018:
352:
274:
223:
279:
137:
1092:
691:"Aspects of evolution in the anomuran superfamily Paguroidea: one larval prospective"
664:
391:
253:
has a half-moon shaped carapace extending over all of its eight walking legs and two
211:
207:
804:
717:
262:
pair of walking legs are located at the posterior and are difficult to distinguish.
242:
87:
709:
1057:
992:
953:
899:
616:
395:
107:
890:
835:
853:
788:
203:
200:
464:
127:
77:
57:
482:. Vol. 33, no. 4. Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission. p. 6.
32:
1023:
821:
932:
927:
884:
329:
254:
219:
97:
945:
796:
542:
417:
372:
368:
196:
117:
958:
333:
67:
861:
376:
304:
is wider distally than proximally, while the opposite is found in
241:
233:
1036:
564:
515:
865:
478:
Snow, C. Dale (April 1978). "Interesting Crabs of Oregon".
631:(Third ed.). Stanford University Press. p. 92.
447:[About a new species of the genus Cryptolithodes (
312:
has raised margins of the abdominal segments, while
874:
674:from the original on July 24, 2018 – via the
620:
584:
441:"Ueber eine neue Art der Gattung Cryptolithodes (
689:McLaughlin, Patsy A.; Lemaitre, Rafael (2000).
420:and coralline algae needed for their survival.
642:Hall, Sally; Thatje, Sven (October 15, 2009).
206:native to coastal regions of the northeastern
367:include larger marine invertebrates, such as
8:
862:
290:The distinguishing characteristic between
31:
20:
1114:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich von Brandt
698:Invertebrate Reproduction and Development
529:
527:
525:
1104:Crustaceans of the eastern Pacific Ocean
491:
489:
1124:Fauna of the Northwestern United States
727:from the original on February 27, 2012.
428:
583:Lamb, Andy; Hanby, Bernard P. (2005).
578:
576:
574:
226:to depths of 17 m (56 ft).
7:
591:. Photography by Bernard P. Hanby.
14:
834:
820:
665:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02153.x
44:
498:Pacific Coast Crabs and Shrimps
547:University of Washington Press
375:, and marine mammals, such as
1:
1109:Crustaceans described in 1853
710:10.1080/07924259.2000.9652453
400:Channel Islands National Park
394:and its effects on the giant
437:von Brandt, Johann Friedrich
496:Jensen, Gregory C. (1995).
1155:
1129:Fauna of British Columbia
906:Cryptolithodes sitchensis
876:Cryptolithodes sitchensis
842:Cryptolithodes sitchensis
828:Cryptolithodes sitchensis
789:10.1007/s10021-003-0245-6
742:Cryptolithodes sitchensis
676:University of Southampton
449:Cryptolithodes sitchensis
443:Cryptolithodes sitchensis
349:Cryptolithodes sitchensis
328:have six tergites at the
271:Cryptolithodes sitchensis
251:Cryptolithodes sitchensis
188:Cryptolithodes sitchensis
170:Cryptolithodes sitchensis
166:
159:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
25:Cryptolithodes sitchensis
23:
652:Journal of Biogeography
619:; Calvin, Jack (1962).
300:is that the rostrum of
748:Walla Walla University
247:
239:
216:Point Loma, California
738:Cowles, Dave (2005).
623:Between Pacific Tides
363:Natural predators of
245:
237:
16:Species of crustacean
831:at Wikimedia Commons
416:, and the growth of
405:Macrocystis pyrifera
1119:Fauna of California
754:on October 18, 2007
617:Ricketts, Edward F.
500:. Sea Challengers.
388:Southern California
593:Harbour Publishing
535:Kozloff, Eugene N.
408:form a protective
382:A major threat to
248:
240:
152:C. sitchensis
1086:
1085:
1045:Open Tree of Life
868:Taxon identifiers
825:Media related to
659:(11): 2125–2135.
402:. The forests of
184:
183:
1146:
1079:
1078:
1066:
1065:
1053:
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1040:
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948:
936:
935:
923:
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909:
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894:
893:
863:
839:Data related to
838:
824:
809:
808:
770:
764:
763:
761:
759:
750:. Archived from
735:
729:
728:
726:
695:
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680:
679:
673:
648:
639:
633:
632:
629:Joel W. Hedgpeth
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172:
49:
48:
35:
21:
1154:
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1148:
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1144:
1143:
1139:Fauna of Alaska
1089:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1074:
1069:
1061:
1056:
1048:
1043:
1035:
1030:
1022:
1019:Observation.org
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978:
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627:. Revisions by
615:
614:
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603:
595:. p. 313.
582:
581:
572:
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533:
532:
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508:
495:
494:
487:
480:Oregon Wildlife
477:
476:
472:
435:
434:
430:
426:
361:
353:coralline algae
346:
344:Natural history
322:
288:
275:intertidal zone
268:
232:
210:, ranging from
191:, known as the
180:
174:
168:
155:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1152:
1150:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1134:Fauna of Yukon
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1067:
1054:
1041:
1028:
1015:
1002:
989:
976:
963:
950:
937:
924:
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896:
880:
878:
872:
871:
866:
860:
859:
851:
846:
845:at Wikispecies
832:
816:
815:External links
813:
811:
810:
783:(4): 341–357.
765:
730:
704:(3): 159–169.
681:
634:
608:
601:
570:
555:
521:
506:
485:
470:
427:
425:
422:
360:
357:
345:
342:
324:The larvae of
321:
318:
287:
286:Identification
284:
280:global warming
278:change due to
267:
264:
231:
228:
224:low intertidal
182:
181:
175:
164:
163:
157:
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149:
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139:Cryptolithodes
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3:
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856:C. sitchensis
852:
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829:
823:
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802:
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753:
749:
745:
744:Brandt, 1853"
743:
734:
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723:
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602:1-55017-361-8
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579:
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556:0-295-96084-1
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509:
507:0-930118-20-0
503:
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492:
490:
486:
481:
474:
471:
466:
462:
458:
455:(in German).
454:
450:
446:
444:
438:
432:
429:
423:
421:
419:
415:
414:C. sitchensis
411:
407:
406:
401:
397:
393:
392:deforestation
389:
385:
384:C. sitchensis
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
365:C. sitchensis
358:
356:
354:
350:
343:
341:
339:
338:C. sitchensis
335:
331:
327:
326:C. sitchensis
319:
317:
315:
314:C. sitchensis
311:
307:
303:
302:C. sitchensis
299:
298:
293:
292:C. sitchensis
285:
283:
281:
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272:
265:
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260:
256:
252:
244:
236:
229:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:Sitka, Alaska
209:
208:Pacific Ocean
205:
202:
198:
194:
193:umbrella crab
190:
189:
178:
173:
171:
165:
162:
161:Binomial name
158:
154:
153:
148:
145:
144:
141:
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126:
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119:
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52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
875:
855:
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827:
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774:
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756:. Retrieved
752:the original
741:
733:
701:
697:
684:
656:
650:
637:
622:
611:
586:
538:
497:
479:
473:
456:
452:
448:
442:
431:
413:
403:
396:kelp forests
383:
381:
364:
362:
348:
347:
337:
325:
323:
320:Life history
313:
309:
305:
301:
295:
291:
289:
270:
269:
250:
249:
246:Ventral view
238:Red specimen
192:
187:
186:
185:
169:
167:
151:
150:
138:
114:Infraorder:
88:Malacostraca
24:
18:
1058:SeaLifeBase
993:NatureServe
954:iNaturalist
900:Wikispecies
543:Seattle, WA
459:: 254–256.
398:around the
336:are whole.
230:Description
108:Pleocyemata
1099:King crabs
1093:Categories
776:Ecosystems
424:References
418:macroalgae
316:does not.
310:C. typicus
306:C. typicus
297:C. typicus
204:crustacean
128:Lithodidae
104:Suborder:
78:Arthropoda
854:Video of
849:CalPhotos
465:1029-998X
369:octopuses
330:megalopal
255:chelipeds
146:Species:
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
998:2.933248
972:11271168
928:BugGuide
891:Q3932839
885:Wikidata
805:36589268
722:Archived
718:55956527
669:Archived
565:83001130
537:(1993).
516:94039292
451:)].
439:(1853).
373:seabirds
308:. Also,
220:carapace
201:lithodid
124:Family:
98:Decapoda
74:Phylum:
68:Animalia
54:Domain:
946:2224363
933:1128596
797:3658821
758:May 11,
359:Threats
259:rostrum
197:species
195:, is a
134:Genus:
118:Anomura
94:Order:
84:Class:
1076:550616
1050:842635
1037:550616
1024:595779
1011:174327
920:327591
803:
795:
716:
599:
563:
553:
514:
504:
463:
410:canopy
377:otters
334:telson
218:. Its
179:, 1853
177:Brandt
1071:WoRMS
1063:26524
985:97953
967:IRMNG
959:47395
801:S2CID
793:JSTOR
725:(PDF)
714:S2CID
694:(PDF)
672:(PDF)
647:(PDF)
266:Range
1032:OBIS
1006:NCBI
980:ITIS
941:GBIF
915:BOLD
760:2010
597:ISBN
561:LCCN
551:ISBN
512:LCCN
502:ISBN
461:ISSN
294:and
785:doi
706:doi
661:doi
390:is
386:in
214:to
199:of
1095::
1073::
1060::
1047::
1034::
1021::
1008::
995::
982::
969::
956::
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887::
799:.
791:.
779:.
746:.
720:.
712:.
702:38
700:.
696:.
667:.
657:36
655:.
649:.
573:^
559:.
549:.
545::
541:.
524:^
510:.
488:^
457:11
445:)"
379:.
371:,
282:.
807:.
787::
781:7
762:.
740:"
708::
678:.
663::
605:.
567:.
518:.
467:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
