523:
512:
69:
49:
300:
582:), suggesting that the three major lineages assigned to the chromists had acquired plastids independently, and that chromists are polyphyletic. The perspective that cryptomonads are primitively heterotrophic and secondarily acquired chloroplasts, is supported by molecular evidence. Parfrey et al. and Burki et al. placed Cryptophyceae as a sister clade to the
383:, which consist of two connected spiral ribbons held under tension. If the cells are irritated either by mechanical, chemical or light stress, they discharge, propelling the cell in a zig-zag course away from the disturbance. Large ejectosomes, visible under the light microscope, are associated with the pocket; smaller ones occur underneath the
803:
Okamoto, N.; Inouye, I. (2005). "The
Katablepharids are a Distant Sister Group of the Cryptophyta: A Proposal for Katablepharidophyta Divisio Nova/Kathablepharida Phylum Novum Based on SSU rDNA and Beta-Tubulin Phylogeny".
839:
1330:
Burki, Fabien; Kaplan, Maia; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Zlatogursky, Vasily; Minh, Bui Quang; Radaykina, Liudmila V.; Smirnov, Alexey; Mylnikov, Alexander P.; Keeling, Patrick J. (2016-01-27).
1138:"Evolution of a light-harvesting protein by addition of new subunits and rearrangement of conserved elements: Crystal structure of a cryptophyte phycoerythrin at 1.63Å resolution"
1213:
Cenci, U.; Sibbald, S. J.; Curtis, B. A.; Kamikawa, R.; Eme, L.; Moog, D.; Henrissat, B.; Maréchal, E.; Chabi, M.; Djemiel, C.; Roger, A. J.; Kim, E.; Archibald, J. M. (2018).
479:—resting stages with rigid cell walls to survive unfavorable conditions. Cryptomonad flagella are inserted parallel to one another, and are covered by bipartite hairs called
442:. However, the plastids are very different from red algal plastids: phycobiliproteins are present but only in the thylakoid lumen and are present only as phycoerythrin or
879:
McFadden, Gilson, & Hill (1994), "Goniomonas: rRNA sequences indicate that this phagotrophic flagellate is a close relative of the host component of cryptomonads",
4040:
905:
686:"Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: A new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences"
1387:
Nishimura, Yuki; Kume, Keitaro; Sonehara, Keito; Tanifuji, Goro; Shiratori, Takashi; Ishida, Ken-Ichiro; Hashimoto, Tetsuo; Inagaki, Yuji; Ohkuma, Moriya (2020).
590:. The sister group to the cryptomonads is likely the kathablepharids (also referred to as katablepharids), a group of flagellates that also have ejectisomes.
4618:
919:
Cenci (2018), "Nuclear genome sequence of the plastid-lacking cryptomonad
Goniomonas avonlea provides insights into the evolution of secondary plastids",
843:
3746:
1332:"Untangling the early diversification of eukaryotes: a phylogenomic study of the evolutionary origins of Centrohelida, Haptophyta and Cryptista"
990:
Morrall, S.; Greenwood, A. D. (1980). "A comparison of the periodic sub-structures of the trichocysts of the
Cryptophyceae and Prasinophyceae".
741:
578:. However, the case that the organisms themselves are closely related was counter-indicated by the major differences in cell organization (
1215:"Nuclear genome sequence of the plastid-lacking cryptomonad Goniomonas avonlea provides insights into the evolution of secondary plastids"
2764:
1474:
248:
in size and flattened in shape, with an anterior groove or pocket. At the edge of the pocket there are typically two slightly unequal
974:
426:
and other pigments, and vary in color (brown, red to blueish-green). Each is surrounded by four membranes, and there is a reduced
4580:
2805:
1508:
1389:"Mitochondrial Genomes of Hemiarma marina and Leucocryptos marina Revised the Evolution of Cytochrome c Maturation in Cryptista"
2800:
1503:
1193:
Phycological
Reports: Current Advances in Algal Taxonomy and Its Applications: Phylogenetic, Ecological and Applied Perspective
2884:
2874:
2857:
1587:
1577:
1560:
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31:
68:
3739:
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336:
579:
511:
1035:
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2889:
2757:
1592:
1467:
4520:
3732:
1026:
487:
and transported to the cell surface. Small scales may also be present on the flagella and cell body. The
4608:
4196:
3846:
2852:
1555:
1264:
484:
368:
364:
157:
1069:
558:
order
Cryptomonadina. In some classifications, the cryptomonads were considered close relatives of the
456:Å; and it has been shown that the alpha subunit bears no relation to any other known phycobiliprotein.
3521:
3400:
4585:
3861:
2663:
1284:
1100:
661:
244:. They are common in freshwater, and also occur in marine and brackish habitats. Each cell is around
3543:
3375:
2668:
3336:
2370:
2154:
655:
500:
3608:
3602:
3596:
3451:
3445:
3423:
3369:
3283:
2526:
4613:
4191:
3873:
3491:
3407:
3384:
3169:
2869:
2847:
2835:
2810:
2750:
2380:
1572:
1550:
1538:
1513:
1460:
534:
229:
63:
3550:
3515:
3509:
3503:
3061:
4558:
3497:
469:
stages, but readily escape the surrounding mucus to become free-living flagellates again. Some
287:
was sister to
Cryptophyceae. A study in 2018 found strong evidence that the common ancestor of
4567:
3983:
3438:
2879:
2842:
2830:
2820:
2714:
2640:
2621:
2331:
1914:
1582:
1545:
1533:
1523:
1369:
1351:
1312:
1246:
1169:
1118:
1052:
1007:
970:
948:
899:
821:
785:
737:
715:
316:
4572:
3590:
4259:
4138:
4030:
3973:
3913:
3908:
3836:
3821:
3657:
3460:
3429:
3362:
3323:
3123:
2932:
2794:
2686:
2632:
2386:
1832:
1497:
1400:
1359:
1343:
1302:
1292:
1236:
1226:
1159:
1149:
1108:
1091:
1044:
999:
938:
928:
888:
813:
775:
767:
705:
697:
527:
423:
271:. The two groups are united under three shared morphological characteristics: presence of a
48:
1273:"Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks"
4432:
4337:
4299:
4254:
4186:
3943:
3903:
3888:
3781:
3559:
3534:
3349:
3314:
3301:
3186:
3159:
3115:
2559:
1734:
360:
200:
195:
551:
group, class
Cryptophyceae or division Cryptophyta, while zoologists treated them as the
3724:
1288:
1104:
299:
4492:
4437:
4427:
4269:
4083:
4035:
3948:
3923:
3918:
3898:
3893:
3796:
3786:
3617:
3330:
3227:
3178:
3174:
2959:
2825:
2655:
2645:
2609:
2584:
2273:
2064:
1965:
1887:
1696:
1528:
1364:
1331:
1307:
1272:
1241:
1214:
1048:
943:
780:
755:
710:
685:
559:
476:
283:
with flat tubules. Genetic studies as early as 1994 also supported the hypothesis that
93:
4602:
4216:
4201:
4163:
4088:
4024:
4010:
3958:
3953:
3867:
3856:
3851:
3831:
3826:
3801:
3584:
3479:
3391:
3274:
3220:
3008:
2991:
2951:
2938:
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2490:
2482:
2312:
2233:
2173:
2084:
2058:
1787:
1447:
1268:
1188:
1164:
1137:
1003:
605:
488:
352:
268:
190:
183:
2742:
4412:
4407:
4382:
4357:
4347:
4274:
4143:
4017:
3978:
3963:
3938:
3933:
3878:
3811:
3648:
3211:
3202:
3182:
3150:
3129:
3000:
2724:
2551:
2531:
2471:
2375:
2348:
2295:
2253:
2220:
1995:
1773:
1712:
645:
587:
480:
427:
392:
332:
328:
264:
173:
142:
119:
4543:
817:
4552:
4467:
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4387:
4362:
4284:
4279:
4244:
4234:
3928:
3841:
3671:
3665:
3485:
3251:
3048:
2965:
2924:
2615:
2541:
2393:
2357:
2337:
2285:
2259:
2149:
2097:
2070:
2052:
2025:
1792:
1661:
1650:
595:
583:
563:
471:
466:
461:
443:
431:
412:
320:
276:
237:
225:
106:
1277:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
4500:
4462:
4392:
4372:
4367:
4352:
4322:
4294:
4249:
4239:
4211:
4206:
4148:
4123:
3816:
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3689:
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3467:
3416:
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3040:
2982:
2905:
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2520:
2511:
2496:
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2301:
2160:
2121:
2116:
2002:
1919:
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1231:
933:
892:
701:
641:
631:
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621:
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611:
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571:
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448:
408:
402:
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348:
253:
178:
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3473:
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3031:
3014:
2915:
2781:
2773:
2595:
2536:
2244:
2209:
2167:
2144:
2126:
2013:
1949:
1824:
1701:
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1483:
1405:
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1297:
1154:
649:
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312:
272:
249:
132:
80:
17:
1452:
1373:
1347:
1316:
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1173:
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952:
825:
789:
719:
434:
between the middle two. This indicates that the plastid was derived from a
1056:
1011:
4537:
4472:
4452:
4447:
4422:
4402:
4377:
4342:
4332:
4327:
4158:
4133:
4113:
3773:
3257:
3106:
3097:
3054:
2864:
2777:
2602:
2564:
2465:
2442:
1989:
1984:
1976:
1906:
1781:
1656:
1639:
1617:
1567:
771:
555:
439:
356:
340:
562:
because of their (seemingly) similar pigmentation, being grouped as the
4477:
4457:
4153:
4128:
4118:
4108:
4064:
4001:
3630:
3190:
2718:
2453:
2290:
2136:
2043:
2032:
1896:
1802:
1758:
1666:
635:
496:
308:
304:
280:
245:
1442:
1420:
4317:
4309:
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2108:
1838:
1740:
1682:
1113:
1086:
492:
324:
4514:
4226:
4098:
2678:
2318:
548:
521:
510:
344:
298:
257:
233:
221:
375:
Cryptomonads are distinguished by the presence of characteristic
4264:
3756:
1935:
969:(2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummings (Pearson).
4518:
3728:
2746:
1456:
1189:"Cryptomonad taxonomy in the 21st century: The first 200 years"
756:"Lateral transfer of introns in the cryptophyte plastid genome"
566:. Cryptomonad chloroplasts are closely related to those of the
539:
The first mention of cryptomonads appears to have been made by
1033:- Visualization by freeze-fracture and isolation techniques".
574:, and the three groups were united by Cavalier-Smith as the
1070:
Nuclear genome sequence of the plastid-lacking cryptomonad
411:, cryptomonads have one or two chloroplasts. These contain
1074:
provides insights into the evolution of secondary plastids
1087:"The highly reduced genome of an enslaved algal nucleus"
679:
677:
965:
Graham, L. E.; Graham, J. M.; Wilcox, L. W. (2009).
4527:
4490:
4308:
4225:
4177:
4062:
4053:
4000:
3772:
3656:
3616:
3558:
3542:
3533:
3459:
3437:
3415:
3399:
3383:
3361:
3348:
3322:
3313:
3300:
3282:
3273:
3242:
3219:
3210:
3201:
3158:
3149:
3114:
3105:
3096:
3085:
3039:
3030:
2999:
2990:
2981:
2950:
2923:
2914:
2904:
2677:
2654:
2631:
2581:
2550:
2510:
2481:
2452:
2440:
2347:
2311:
2272:
2243:
2219:
2206:
2135:
2107:
2083:
2042:
2012:
1975:
1962:
1932:
1905:
1885:
1823:
1801:
1755:
1725:
1710:
1679:
1630:
1615:
452:, the crystal structure has been determined to 1.63
263:, which is divided into two classes: heterotrophic
438:symbiont, shown by genetic studies to have been a
30:"Cryptophyte" redirects here. For other uses, see
4041:Archaeal Richmond Mine acidophilic nanoorganisms
547:. Later, botanists treated them as a separate
3740:
2758:
1468:
387:, the cryptophyte-specific cell surrounding.
8:
904:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
866:Organelles, Genomes, and Eukaryote Phylogeny
1029:(1984). "The ejectisomes of the flagellate
4515:
4059:
3997:
3769:
3765:
3747:
3733:
3725:
3539:
3358:
3319:
3310:
3279:
3216:
3207:
3164:
3155:
3111:
3102:
3093:
3036:
2996:
2987:
2920:
2911:
2765:
2751:
2743:
2628:
2458:
2449:
2437:
2344:
2308:
2278:
2225:
2216:
2203:
2089:
2018:
1972:
1959:
1942:
1929:
1902:
1882:
1878:
1807:
1765:
1722:
1718:
1689:
1627:
1623:
1612:
1608:
1475:
1461:
1453:
593:One suggested grouping is as follows: (1)
47:
38:
1404:
1363:
1306:
1296:
1240:
1230:
1163:
1153:
1112:
942:
932:
779:
709:
279:with secondary scroll, and mitochondrial
1267:; Lahr, Daniel J. G.; Knoll, Andrew H.;
27:Group of algae and colorless flagellates
673:
2733:denotes groups with over 1,000 species
897:
228:. They are traditionally considered a
732:Barnes, Richard Stephen Kent (2001).
396:, which lacks plastids entirely, and
7:
4619:Taxa named by Thomas Cavalier-Smith
1393:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
1049:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1984.tb02957.x
25:
1085:Douglas, S.; et al. (2002).
754:Khan H, Archibald JM (May 2008).
369:chloroplast-endoplasmic reticulum
840:"Cryptophyta - the cryptomonads"
67:
1448:Phylum Cryptophyta at AlgaeBase
864:Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2004).
684:Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2018).
475:species may also form immotile
2212:
2208:
1968:
1964:
1136:Wilk, K.; et al. (1999).
734:The Invertebrates: A Synthesis
1:
881:European Journal of Phycology
541:Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
1004:10.1016/0303-2647(80)90039-8
818:10.1016/j.protis.2004.12.003
459:A few cryptomonads, such as
291:was an autotrophic protist.
32:Cryptophyte (disambiguation)
4635:
1443:Tree of Life: Cryptomonads
736:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 41.
532:
29:
3996:
3768:
3764:
3759:phyla/divisions by domain
2788:
2709:
2461:
2436:
2281:
2228:
2202:
2092:
2021:
1958:
1945:
1928:
1881:
1877:
1810:
1768:
1721:
1692:
1626:
1611:
1607:
1491:
1232:10.1186/s12915-018-0593-5
934:10.1186/s12915-018-0593-5
893:10.1080/09670269400650451
702:10.1007/S00709-017-1147-3
535:Wikispecies:Cryptophyceae
256:. They are classified as
170:
165:
64:Scientific classification
62:
55:
46:
41:
3305:(sensu Shalchian-Tabrizi
1938:
1934:
580:ultrastructural identity
543:in 1831, while studying
503:has also been reported.
3969:Thermodesulfobacteriota
1406:10.3389/fevo.2020.00140
1298:10.1073/pnas.1110633108
1155:10.1073/pnas.96.16.8901
1036:Journal of Protozoology
1348:10.1098/rspb.2015.2802
1265:Parfrey, Laura Wegener
586:, or green algae plus
530:
519:
398:Cryptomonas paramecium
372:
343:, 11-invagination, 12-
160:, 2004 stat. nov. 2015
4197:Neocallimastigomycota
1187:Novarino, G. (2012).
1031:Chilomonas paramecium
533:Further information:
525:
514:
485:endoplasmic reticulum
390:Except for the class
365:endoplasmic reticulum
302:
224:, most of which have
166:Classes & orders
3862:Coprothermobacterota
662:Falcomonas daucoides
483:, formed within the
240:, under the name of
2610:Gunflint microbiota
2371:Klebsormidiophyceae
2155:Hyphochytriomycetes
1289:2011PNAS..10813624P
1283:(33): 13624–13629.
1271:(August 16, 2011).
1105:2001Natur.410.1091D
1099:(6832): 1091–1096.
656:Proteomonas sulcata
526:Cryptophytes under
515:Cryptophytes under
501:sexual reproduction
400:(previously called
305:contractile vacuole
252:. Some may exhibit
4192:Blastocladiomycota
3385:Cryptochrysidaceae
3170:Katablepharidaceae
2381:Coleochaetophyceae
1761:
1757:
1685:
1681:
1342:(1823): 20152802.
1072:Goniomonas avonlea
772:10.1093/nar/gkn095
531:
520:
373:
4596:
4595:
4568:Open Tree of Life
4521:Taxon identifiers
4512:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4486:
4485:
4049:
4048:
3992:
3991:
3984:Verrucomicrobiota
3722:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3529:
3528:
3439:Pleuromastigaceae
3344:
3343:
3269:
3268:
3165:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3026:
3025:
2977:
2976:
2740:
2739:
2705:
2704:
2641:Spironematellidae
2622:Meteora sporadica
2577:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2506:
2505:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2332:Prasinodermophyta
2268:
2267:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2079:
2078:
1915:Centroplasthelida
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1751:
1750:
1675:
1674:
1148:(16): 8901–8906.
868:. pp. 87–88.
760:Nucleic Acids Res
742:978-0-632-04761-1
446:. In the case of
424:phycobiliproteins
267:and phototrophic
220:) are a group of
210:
209:
161:
57:Rhodomonas salina
16:(Redirected from
4626:
4589:
4588:
4576:
4575:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4548:
4547:
4546:
4516:
4260:Anthocerotophyta
4139:Hemimastigophora
4060:
4031:Nitrososphaerota
3998:
3974:Thermomicrobiota
3914:Kiritimatiellota
3909:Ignavibacteriota
3874:Deferribacterota
3837:Campylobacterota
3822:Bdellovibrionota
3770:
3766:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3726:
3693:
3658:Pyrenomonadaceae
3540:
3522:Protocryptomonas
3461:Cryptomonadaceae
3401:Cyathomonadaceae
3363:Butschliellaceae
3359:
3324:Tetragonidiaceae
3320:
3311:
3280:
3217:
3208:
3156:
3124:Palpitomonadidae
3112:
3103:
3094:
3037:
2997:
2988:
2933:Microheliellidae
2921:
2912:
2817:
2797:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2744:
2687:Collodictyonidae
2633:Hemimastigophora
2629:
2588:
2459:
2450:
2446:
2438:
2387:Zygnematophyceae
2345:
2325:
2309:
2279:
2226:
2217:
2213:
2204:
2090:
2019:
1973:
1969:
1960:
1943:
1939:
1930:
1903:
1890:
1883:
1879:
1833:Choanoflagellata
1808:
1766:
1762:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1690:
1686:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1609:
1520:
1500:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1454:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1367:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1310:
1300:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1244:
1234:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1167:
1157:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1116:
1114:10.1038/35074092
1082:
1076:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1027:Staehelin, L. A.
1022:
1016:
1015:
987:
981:
980:
962:
956:
955:
946:
936:
916:
910:
909:
903:
895:
876:
870:
869:
861:
855:
854:
852:
851:
842:. Archived from
836:
830:
829:
800:
794:
793:
783:
751:
745:
730:
724:
723:
713:
681:
528:light microscope
455:
422:, together with
156:
72:
71:
51:
39:
21:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4599:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4584:
4579:
4571:
4566:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4523:
4513:
4504:
4482:
4433:Gnathostomulida
4338:Xenacoelomorpha
4304:
4300:Flowering plant
4255:Marchantiophyta
4221:
4187:Chytridiomycota
4173:
4045:
3988:
3944:Planctomycetota
3904:Gemmatimonadota
3889:Elusimicrobiota
3782:Acidobacteriota
3760:
3753:
3723:
3694:
3663:
3652:
3612:
3560:Chroomonadaceae
3554:
3535:Pyrenomonadales
3525:
3455:
3433:
3411:
3395:
3379:
3354:
3353:(sensu Novarino
3352:
3350:Cryptomonadales
3340:
3315:Tetragonidiales
3306:
3304:
3302:Cryptomonadales
3296:
3265:
3238:
3197:
3187:Platychilomonas
3160:Katablepharidea
3137:
3116:Palpitomonadida
3090:(sensu stricto)
3089:
3069:
3022:
2973:
2946:
2900:
2899:
2815:
2793:
2784:
2771:
2741:
2736:
2701:
2673:
2664:Ancyromonadidae
2650:
2627:
2582:
2569:
2560:Malawimonadidae
2546:
2502:
2477:
2441:
2400:
2343:
2316:
2315:
2307:
2264:
2239:
2207:
2178:
2131:
2103:
2075:
2038:
2008:
1963:
1954:
1933:
1924:
1901:
1886:
1845:
1819:
1797:
1756:
1747:
1711:
1706:
1680:
1671:
1616:
1603:
1602:
1518:
1496:
1487:
1481:
1439:
1434:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1336:Proc. R. Soc. B
1329:
1328:
1324:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1198:
1196:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1068:
1064:
1024:
1023:
1019:
989:
988:
984:
977:
964:
963:
959:
918:
917:
913:
896:
878:
877:
873:
863:
862:
858:
849:
847:
838:
837:
833:
802:
801:
797:
753:
752:
748:
731:
727:
683:
682:
675:
671:
560:dinoflagellates
537:
509:
477:microbial cysts
453:
361:Golgi apparatus
303:Cell scheme: 1-
297:
295:Characteristics
201:Tetragonidiales
196:Cryptomonadales
155:
66:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4632:
4630:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4601:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4577:
4564:
4549:
4533:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4498:
4496:
4493:Incertae sedis
4488:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4438:Micrognathozoa
4435:
4430:
4428:Acanthocephala
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4314:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4270:Lycopodiophyta
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4084:Ancyromonadida
4081:
4076:
4070:
4068:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4036:Thermoproteota
4033:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4006:
4004:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3949:Pseudomonadota
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3924:Mycoplasmatota
3921:
3919:Lentisphaerota
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3899:Fusobacteriota
3896:
3894:Fibrobacterota
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3797:Armatimonadota
3794:
3789:
3787:Actinomycetota
3784:
3778:
3776:
3762:
3761:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3729:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3662:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3622:
3620:
3618:Geminigeraceae
3614:
3613:
3564:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3548:
3546:
3544:Baffinellaceae
3537:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3465:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3421:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3405:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3389:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3376:Skvortzoviella
3367:
3365:
3356:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3331:Bjornbergiella
3328:
3326:
3317:
3308:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3248:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3228:Goniomonadidae
3225:
3223:
3214:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3179:Kathablepharis
3166:
3162:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3120:
3118:
3109:
3100:
3091:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3058:
3045:
3043:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3005:
3003:
2994:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2960:Heliomorphidae
2956:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2929:
2927:
2918:
2909:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2890:Mesomycetozoea
2887:
2882:
2872:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2826:Diaphoretickes
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2728:
2721:
2717:excluded from
2710:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2669:Planomonadidae
2666:
2660:
2658:
2656:Ancyromonadida
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2646:Paramastigidae
2643:
2637:
2635:
2626:
2625:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2598:
2591:
2589:
2585:Incertae sedis
2579:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2516:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2447:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2390:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2361:
2353:
2351:
2342:
2341:
2334:
2328:
2326:
2306:
2305:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2274:Archaeplastida
2270:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2249:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2229:
2223:
2214:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2065:Dinoflagellata
2061:
2059:Chrompodellida
2056:
2048:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1970:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1900:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1888:Diaphoretickes
1875:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1835:
1829:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1777:
1769:
1763:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1716:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1647:
1642:
1636:
1634:
1621:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1593:Mesomycetozoea
1590:
1585:
1575:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1529:Diaphoretickes
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:classification
1482:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1438:
1437:External links
1435:
1433:
1432:
1421:"Cryptomonads"
1412:
1379:
1322:
1269:Katz, Laura A.
1256:
1205:
1179:
1128:
1077:
1062:
1043:(2): 259–267.
1017:
998:(1–2): 71–83.
982:
975:
957:
911:
871:
856:
831:
812:(2): 163–179.
795:
766:(9): 3043–53.
746:
725:
672:
670:
667:
508:
507:Classification
505:
296:
293:
208:
207:
206:
205:
204:
203:
198:
188:
187:
186:
181:
168:
167:
163:
162:
158:Cavalier-Smith
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
123:
122:
117:
110:
109:
104:
97:
96:
94:Diaphoretickes
91:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
60:
59:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4631:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4587:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4569:
4565:
4560:
4554:
4550:
4545:
4539:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4517:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4217:Basidiomycota
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4202:Glomeromycota
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4164:Stramenopiles
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4089:Apusomonadida
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4025:Nanoarchaeota
4022:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4011:Euryarchaeota
4008:
4007:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3959:Spirochaetota
3957:
3955:
3954:Rhodothermota
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3884:Dictyoglomota
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3868:Cyanobacteria
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3857:Chrysiogenota
3855:
3853:
3852:Chloroflexota
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3832:Calditrichota
3830:
3828:
3827:Caldisericota
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3802:Atribacterota
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3758:
3750:
3745:
3743:
3738:
3736:
3731:
3730:
3727:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3481:
3480:Cryptochloris
3476:
3475:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3392:Cryptochrysis
3388:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3351:
3347:
3339:
3338:
3337:Tetragonidium
3333:
3332:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3275:Cryptophyceae
3272:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3221:Goniomonadida
3218:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3009:Picomonadidae
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2952:Heliomonadida
2949:
2941:
2940:
2939:Microheliella
2936:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2853:Stramenopiles
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2816:(major groups
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2713:¹traditional
2712:
2711:
2708:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2692:Mantamonadida
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2580:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2491:Heterolobosea
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2483:Discicristata
2480:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2314:
2313:Viridiplantae
2310:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2234:Microheliella
2231:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2201:
2175:
2174:Actinophryida
2172:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2085:Stramenopiles
2082:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1788:Ichthyosporea
1786:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1736:
1735:Rotosphaerida
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1697:Apusomonadida
1695:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1556:Stramenopiles
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1519:(major groups
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1025:Grim, J. N.;
1021:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
986:
983:
978:
976:9780321559654
972:
968:
961:
958:
954:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
926:
922:
915:
912:
907:
901:
894:
890:
886:
882:
875:
872:
867:
860:
857:
846:on 2011-06-10
845:
841:
835:
832:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
799:
796:
791:
787:
782:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
750:
747:
743:
739:
735:
729:
726:
721:
717:
712:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
680:
678:
674:
668:
666:
664:
663:
658:
657:
652:
651:
647:
643:
638:
637:
633:
628:
627:
623:
619:
614:
613:
608:
607:
603:
598:
597:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
554:
550:
546:
542:
536:
529:
524:
518:
513:
506:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
473:
468:
464:
463:
457:
451:
450:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
414:
410:
407:), which has
406:
404:
399:
395:
394:
388:
386:
382:
378:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
353:mitochondrion
350:
347:globules, 13-
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
301:
294:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:Cryptophyceae
266:
262:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
202:
199:
197:
194:
193:
192:
191:Cryptophyceae
189:
185:
184:Goniomonadida
182:
180:
177:
176:
175:
172:
171:
169:
164:
159:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
70:
65:
61:
58:
54:
50:
45:
42:Cryptomonads
40:
37:
33:
19:
4609:Cryptomonads
4559:Cryptomonada
4529:Cryptomonada
4528:
4499:
4491:
4413:Orthonectida
4408:Gastrotricha
4383:Nematomorpha
4358:Chaetognatha
4348:Hemichordate
4275:Pteridophyta
4144:Malawimonada
4018:Korarchaeota
3979:Thermotogota
3964:Synergistota
3939:Nitrospirota
3934:Nitrospinota
3879:Deinococcota
3812:Bacteroidota
3688:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3664:
3649:Plagioselmis
3647:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3609:Smithimastix
3607:
3603:Protochrysis
3601:
3597:Planonephros
3595:
3589:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3565:
3549:
3520:
3514:
3508:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3452:Xanthodiscus
3450:
3446:Pleuromastix
3444:
3428:
3424:Calkinsiella
3422:
3406:
3390:
3374:
3370:Butschliella
3368:
3335:
3329:
3291:
3256:
3231:
3212:Goniomonadea
3203:Cryptomonada
3183:Leucocryptos
3172:
3151:Rollomonadia
3130:Palpitomonas
3128:
3060:
3053:
3013:
3001:Picomonadida
2964:
2937:
2875:Opisthokonta
2730:
2725:paraphyletic
2620:
2601:
2583:
2552:Malawimonada
2532:Anaeromonada
2527:Anaeramoebae
2519:
2495:
2472:Tsukubamonas
2470:
2392:
2385:
2376:Charophyceae
2363:
2356:
2349:Streptophyta
2336:
2320:
2300:
2296:Rhodelphidia
2254:Palpitomonas
2252:
2232:
2221:Pancryptista
2166:
2159:
2096:
2063:
2051:
2031:
2001:
1996:Foraminifera
1994:
1837:
1780:
1774:Tunicaraptor
1772:
1739:
1713:Opisthokonta
1649:
1578:Opisthokonta
1424:. Retrieved
1415:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1280:
1276:
1259:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1197:. Retrieved
1192:
1182:
1145:
1141:
1131:
1096:
1090:
1080:
1071:
1065:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1020:
995:
991:
985:
966:
960:
924:
920:
914:
887:(1): 29–32,
884:
880:
874:
865:
859:
848:. Retrieved
844:the original
834:
809:
805:
798:
763:
759:
749:
733:
728:
693:
689:
660:
654:
646:Plagioselmis
640:
630:
616:
610:
600:
594:
592:
588:glaucophytes
538:
489:mitochondria
481:mastigonemes
470:
460:
458:
447:
428:cell nucleus
419:
415:
413:chlorophylls
401:
397:
393:Goniomonadea
391:
389:
374:
337:80S ribosome
329:70S ribosome
289:Cryptomonada
288:
284:
265:Goniomonadea
261:Cryptomonada
260:
241:
238:phycologists
218:cryptophytes
217:
214:cryptomonads
213:
211:
174:Goniomonadea
153:Cryptomonada
152:
149:Superclass:
143:Rollomonadia
126:
120:Pancryptista
113:
100:
87:
56:
36:
18:Cryptophytes
4553:Wikispecies
4468:Brachiopoda
4443:Cycliophora
4388:Onychophora
4363:Kinorhyncha
4285:Ginkgophyta
4280:Cycadophyta
4245:Chlorophyta
4235:Glaucophyta
3929:Myxococcota
3847:Chlorobiota
3842:Chlamydiota
3672:Pyrenomonas
3666:Proteomonas
3492:Cyanomastix
3486:Cryptomonas
3408:Cyathomonas
3307:et al 2008)
3252:Hemiarmidae
3049:Telonemidae
2992:Picomonadea
2966:Heliomorpha
2925:Microhelida
2616:Chitinozoan
2542:Parabasalia
2394:Embryophyta
2358:Chlorokybus
2338:Chlorophyta
2286:Glaucophyta
2260:Cryptophyta
2150:Pirsoniales
2117:Bicosoecida
2098:Platysulcus
2071:Perkinsozoa
2053:Apicomplexa
2026:Colponemida
1793:Pluriformea
1662:Archamoebea
1651:Eumycetozoa
1219:BMC Biology
921:BMC Biology
696:: 297–357.
690:Protoplasma
596:Cryptomonas
584:Green Algae
572:haptophytes
568:heterokonts
564:Pyrrhophyta
472:Cryptomonas
465:, can form
462:Cryptomonas
444:phycocyanin
432:nucleomorph
409:leucoplasts
381:ejectosomes
349:ejectosomes
327:granule, 7-
321:nucleomorph
277:ejectisomes
242:Cryptophyta
139:Subphylum:
4603:Categories
4501:Parakaryon
4463:Entoprocta
4398:Arthropoda
4393:Tardigrada
4373:Priapulida
4368:Loricifera
4353:Echinoderm
4323:Ctenophora
4295:Gnetophyta
4250:Charophyta
4240:Rhodophyta
4212:Ascomycota
4207:Zygomycota
4149:Metamonada
4124:Euglenozoa
4109:Ciliophora
3817:Balneolota
3792:Aquificota
3690:Storeatula
3684:Rhodomonas
3678:Rhinomonas
3637:Geminigera
3625:Guillardia
3579:Hemiselmis
3573:Falcomonas
3567:Chroomonas
3551:Baffinella
3516:Olivamonas
3510:Meyeriella
3504:Kisselevia
3468:Chilomonas
3417:Hilleaceae
3244:Hemiarmida
3233:Goniomonas
3062:Lateronema
3041:Telonemida
2983:Corbistoma
2906:Corbihelia
2697:Rigifilida
2596:Acritarchs
2521:Barthelona
2512:Metamonada
2497:Euglenozoa
2365:Mesostigma
2321:sensu lato
2302:Rhodophyta
2161:Ochrophyta
2122:Placidozoa
2033:Ciliophora
2003:Radiolaria
1920:Haptophyta
1815:Filasterea
1727:Holomycota
1426:2009-06-24
1225:(1): 137.
1199:2018-10-16
992:BioSystems
927:(1): 137,
850:2009-06-02
669:References
642:Geminigera
632:Guillardia
626:Storeatula
622:Rhinomonas
618:Rhodomonas
612:Hemiselmis
602:Chroomonas
553:flagellate
491:have flat
467:palmelloid
449:Rhodomonas
436:eukaryotic
405:paramecium
403:Chilomonas
377:extrusomes
285:Goniomonas
254:mixotrophy
179:Hemiarmida
4614:Cryptista
4544:Q21281984
4418:Dicyemida
4290:Pinophyta
4169:Telonemia
4104:Cryptista
4094:Breviatea
4079:Amoebozoa
4074:Alveolata
4055:Eukaryote
3807:Bacillota
3643:Teleaulax
3498:Isoselmis
3474:Cryptella
3087:Cryptista
3032:Telonemea
3015:Picomonas
2916:Endohelea
2870:Amoebozoa
2848:Alveolata
2836:Cryptista
2811:Eukaryota
2782:Cryptista
2774:Eukaryota
2537:Fornicata
2443:Excavates
2245:Cryptista
2168:Oomycetes
2145:Developea
2127:Sagenista
2014:Alveolata
1950:Telonemia
1825:Choanozoa
1702:Breviatea
1645:Tubulinea
1632:Amoebozoa
1573:Amoebozoa
1551:Alveolata
1539:Cryptista
1514:Eukaryota
1484:Eukaryote
1356:0962-8452
650:Teleaulax
576:Chromista
545:Infusoria
499:is open;
430:called a
385:periplast
313:thylakoid
273:periplast
133:Cryptista
81:Eukaryota
4538:Wikidata
4478:Annelida
4473:Mollusca
4453:Phoronid
4448:Nemertea
4423:Rotifera
4403:Flatworm
4378:Nematoda
4343:Chordate
4333:Cnidaria
4328:Placozoa
4159:Rhizaria
4134:Haptista
4114:Cercozoa
3774:Bacteria
3258:Hemiarma
3107:Palpitea
3098:Palpitia
3055:Telonema
2865:Amorphea
2843:Rhizaria
2831:Hacrobia
2821:Excavata
2806:Bacteria
2778:Hacrobia
2719:protists
2715:kingdoms
2603:Grypania
2565:Imasidae
2466:Jakobida
1990:Endomyxa
1985:Cercozoa
1977:Rhizaria
1907:Haptista
1839:Animalia
1782:Bicellum
1657:Variosea
1640:Discosea
1618:Amorphea
1568:Amorphea
1546:Rhizaria
1534:Hacrobia
1524:Excavata
1509:Bacteria
1374:26817772
1317:21810989
1251:30482201
1174:10430868
1123:11323671
953:30482201
900:citation
826:16171184
790:18397952
720:28875267
556:protozoa
440:red alga
357:pyrenoid
341:flagella
250:flagella
246:10–50 μm
230:division
226:plastids
77:Domain:
4573:7059657
4458:Bryozoa
4154:Provora
4129:Jakobea
4119:Discoba
4065:Protist
4002:Archaea
3755:Extant
3631:Hanusia
3591:Nodeana
3191:Roombia
2880:Animals
2801:Archaea
2454:Discoba
2319:Plants
2291:Picozoa
2137:Gyrista
2044:Myzozoa
1897:Provora
1803:Filozoa
1759:Holozoa
1667:Cutosea
1583:Animals
1504:Archaea
1365:4795036
1308:3158185
1285:Bibcode
1242:6260743
1195:: 19–52
1101:Bibcode
1057:6470985
1012:6155157
944:6260743
806:Protist
781:2396441
711:5756292
636:Hanusia
497:mitosis
493:cristae
454:
379:called
333:nucleus
309:plastid
281:cristae
4586:146220
4318:Sponge
4310:Animal
3430:Hillea
3175:Hatena
2858:Plants
2795:Domain
2727:groups
2109:Bigyra
1683:Obazoa
1561:Plants
1498:Domain
1372:
1362:
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1092:Nature
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659:, (7)
653:, (6)
639:, (5)
629:, (4)
615:, (3)
599:, (2)
495:, and
325:starch
317:stigma
236:among
4581:WoRMS
4227:Plant
4179:Fungi
4099:CRuMs
3585:Komma
3355:1993)
2885:Fungi
2780:(?):
2679:CRuMs
1741:Fungi
1588:Fungi
1165:17705
967:Algae
606:Komma
549:algae
367:, 18-
363:, 17-
359:, 16-
355:, 15-
351:, 14-
345:lipid
339:, 10-
258:clade
234:algae
222:algae
127:Clade
114:Clade
101:Clade
88:Clade
4265:Moss
3757:life
3292:CRY1
3284:CRY1
2731:bold
1936:TSAR
1370:PMID
1352:ISSN
1313:PMID
1247:PMID
1170:PMID
1142:PNAS
1119:PMID
1053:PMID
1008:PMID
971:ISBN
949:PMID
906:link
822:PMID
786:PMID
738:ISBN
716:PMID
609:and
570:and
418:and
335:, 9-
331:, 8-
323:, 6-
319:, 5-
315:, 4-
311:, 3-
307:, 2-
216:(or
212:The
2908:(?)
2210:CAM
1966:SAR
1401:doi
1360:PMC
1344:doi
1340:283
1303:PMC
1293:doi
1281:108
1237:PMC
1227:doi
1160:PMC
1150:doi
1109:doi
1097:410
1045:doi
1000:doi
939:PMC
929:doi
889:doi
814:doi
810:156
776:PMC
768:doi
706:PMC
698:doi
694:255
517:SEM
232:of
107:CAM
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