29:
221:. A formal excavation was conducted at the site of the upper station in August 1975. A brick tunnel, too small to be the running tunnel, and what is thought to be a retaining wall were found. The running tunnel was not found, and some believed that it may have been destroyed by construction work for the
145:
were used. Rammell included a curve of 8 chains (161 m) radius and a gradient of 1 in 15 (7 per cent) to demonstrate the capabilities of his design. The power was provided by a large fan, some 22 ft (6.7 m) in diameter, like a paddle-wheel in an iron case (see image) that was powered
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ounces per square inch" (about 0.16 psi or 11 mbar) was then admitted through a grating, propelling the vehicle to the other terminus. As the vehicle approached the lower terminus it was slowed by a short, uphill section of track and the release of the propelling air pressure as it passed a grating
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On return journeys, the fan was reversed to create a vacuum to suck the carriage backwards, whilst the carriage used its brakes to come to a stop. A contemporary newspaper account called for steps to prevent any mechanical failure subjecting to passengers to effects of vacuum like "frogs under a
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by a former steam locomotive, mounted on a plinth, acting through leather belts. An arched brick tunnel 8 feet (2.4 m) high led from a below-ground chamber in the engine house to the side of the running tunnel. The carriage at the upper terminus was allowed to enter the tunnel under its own
128:
to convey letters along tunnels in large vacuum-driven wagons. A similar principle was applied to this railway, where a carriage fitted with a large collar of bristles was sucked along an airtight tunnel that measured 10 by 9 feet (3.0 by 2.7 metres). The bristle collar served to keep the tunnel
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The tunnel was built in a shallow trench of 4 feet (1.2 m) in depth; the contemporary illustration (right) showing the line disappearing beneath the landscape seems to be no more than artistic licence although, as built, earth may have been drawn up around the structure. In the tunnel the
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It is unclear what became of the line, as records do not state what happened after it ceased to operate, although it has been suggested that
Rammell had originally constructed the small line as a test for a larger atmospheric railway that was to run between
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entrances to the park, and had to negotiate a difficult bend along the line. Tickets cost sixpence each. Trains ran between 1pm and 6pm and the journey time was 50 seconds. The line operated from 27 August 1864 to
October 1864.
191: in (2.14 m)) was used. The single coach might have also been a conversion of a GWR coach, and the steam engine that powered the fan from an old GWR locomotive.
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129:"partially airtight". It operated for just over two months, and may have been a demonstration line for a more substantial atmospheric railway planned between
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236:. In 1978, a woman claimed to have found the tunnel and to have seen within it an old railway carriage filled with skeletons in
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open to the atmosphere; the only intervention required from the operator was the application of the brake.
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weight, when "a pair of iron doors, hinged like lock gates" was closed behind it. Air at a pressure of "
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467:"Classified advertising: Crystal Palace—last few days of Pneumatic Railway Tube",
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80:
75:
138:
350:
269:– a similar atmospheric railway that operated in New York City, United States
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133:, construction of which was started under the Thames but never completed.
341:
Connor, J E (October 2003). "The
Crystal Palace Pneumatic Tube Railway".
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It has been rumoured that the site of the railway is haunted, a popular
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309:"Frederic Delaitre's Lost Subways / Crystal Palace Atmospheric Railway"
245:
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vacuum pump". Although not positively known, it is possible that the
520:
Horsenell, Michael (11 August 1975). "Search for lost tube train".
204:
484:"IanVisits… » The Waterloo and Whitehall Pneumatic Railway"
16:
1864 experimental atmospheric railway in south London, England
232:
of the 1930s partially connected with stories surrounding
557:"Money Shortage Halts British 'pneumatic rwy' IA project"
442:"Making History – The Crystal Palace atmospheric railway"
293:
Atmospheric
Railways: A Victorian Venture in Silent Speed
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outfits. This legend has been developed into the novel
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The tunnel ran for 600 yards (550 metres) between the
537:"Crystal Palace Pneumatic Railway Progress Report".
287:
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86:
74:
69:
59:
51:
43:
38:
614:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
505:"Waterloo and Whitehall Railway: Prospectus".
141:whereas in the platform sections conventional
22:Crystal Palace Pneumatic / Atmospheric Railway
543:Greater London Industrial Archaeology Society
8:
564:Society for Industrial Archeology Newsletter
444:. Capsu.org. 4 December 2001. Archived from
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33:Engraving of the Crystal Palace line (1864)
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589:. Newton Abbot: David & Charles.
423:"The Pneumatic Railway at Sydenham",
399:"The Pneumatic Railway at Sydenham".
7:
471:, London, p. 1, 28 October 1864
401:Railway News and Joint Stock Journal
427:, London, p. 5, 29 August 1864
311:. Fdelaitre.club.fr. Archived from
572:Society for Industrial Archaeology
14:
295:Newton Abbot: David & Charles
126:London Pneumatic Despatch Company
98:Crystal Palace Pneumatic Railway
27:
642:Closed railway lines in London
482:IanVisits (23 February 2007).
234:Crystal Palace railway station
64:Waterloo and Whitehall Railway
1:
137:bridge-profile rails were on
120:, who had previously built a
652:Railway lines opened in 1864
116:The railway was designed by
610:Brown, Tom (29 June 2013).
587:Railway ghosts and phantoms
673:
407:: 246–7. 3 September 1864.
343:The London Railway Record
108:in south London in 1864.
47:August–October 1864
26:
90:600 yd (550 m)
585:Herbert, W. B. (1989).
570:(1). Washington, D.C.:
267:Beach Pneumatic Transit
647:Crystal Palace, London
225:celebrations in 1911.
219:Waterloo and Whitehall
131:Waterloo and Whitehall
118:Thomas Webster Rammell
365:"Crystal Palace Park"
345:. Wivenhoe, England.
139:longitudinal sleepers
291:Hadfield, C. (1967)
100:was an experimental
448:on 12 February 2010
262:Atmospheric railway
106:Crystal Palace Park
102:atmospheric railway
23:
509:: 3. 10 June 1865.
223:Festival of Empire
44:Dates of operation
574:: 3. Spring 1990.
486:. Ianvisits.co.uk
122:pneumatic railway
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539:Notes and News
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488:. Retrieved
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450:. Retrieved
446:the original
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379:. Retrieved
372:the original
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317:. Retrieved
313:the original
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230:urban legend
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104:that ran in
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612:Strange Air
319:12 December
242:Strange Air
177:(7 ft
175:broad gauge
81:Broad gauge
76:Track gauge
52:Predecessor
657:Pneumatics
636:Categories
274:References
195:Operations
523:The Times
507:The Times
469:The Times
425:The Times
351:1355-8013
250:Tom Brown
238:Victorian
70:Technical
60:Successor
490:18 April
452:18 April
381:18 April
256:See also
201:Sydenham
124:for the
39:Overview
248:writer
246:fantasy
186:⁄
160:⁄
112:History
618:
593:
349:
212:Legacy
146:at 300
87:Length
560:(PDF)
375:(PDF)
368:(PDF)
205:Penge
616:ISBN
591:ISBN
526:: 2.
492:2010
454:2010
383:2010
347:ISSN
321:2013
203:and
96:The
55:None
244:by
172:GWR
148:rpm
638::
568:19
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184:1
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
