György Dózsa - Knowledge (XXG)

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Pest and Outer Szolnok. Know ye that the treacherous lying nobility have risen up violently against us and against all the crusading armies preparing for holy war, to persecute and exterminate us. Therefore, under the penalty of banishment and eternal damnation, not to mention the death penalty and the loss of all your goods, we strictly enjoin and order you, that immediately after receiving this letter, without delay or excuse, you hasten here to the city of Cegléd, so that you, the blessed simple people, strengthened in the covenant sanctified by you, nobles must be limited, restrained, and destroyed. If not, you will not escape the punishment of the nobles intended for you. What’s more, we ordinary commoners suspend and hang nobles on their own gates, hang on skewers, destroy their property, tear down their houses, and kill their wives and children in the midst of the greatest possible torture

973:. He was captured after the battle, and condemned to sit on a smouldering, heated iron throne, and forced to wear a heated iron crown and sceptre (mocking his ambition to be king). While he was suffering, a procession of nine fellow rebels who had been starved beforehand were led to this throne. In the lead was Dózsa's younger brother, Gergely, who was cut in three despite Dózsa asking for Gergely to be spared. Next, executioners removed some pliers from a fire and forced them into Dózsa's skin. After tearing his flesh, the remaining rebels were ordered to bite spots where the hot pliers had been inserted and to swallow the flesh. The three or four who refused were simply cut up, prompting the others to comply. In the end, Dózsa died from the ordeal, while the rebels who obeyed were released and left alone. 666:

leading lords of the country; he would also need to be liked well enough by peasants and possess some military experience. According to Márki, these were the reasons for the Archbishop entering talks with Dózsa, who had recent experience fighting against the Ottomans, and appointed him commander on 24 April. However, there is no mention of Dózsa in contemporary sources before 3 June 1514, and no proof that he was ever appointed to command the crusaders camping around Pest. More recent scholarship suggests that at this early time, a man named Menyhért was in charge, Dózsa only taking control when the displeased peasants became violent. Contemporary diplomatic reports named a Melchior Bannser/Banckwr/Vanser/Vanbosor as commander of the camp, who was probably a German or Czech

70: 774:, Dózsa and his co-elected senior fellows wanted to change the church and the political system fundamentally. They aimed to have a single elected bishop for the entire country and to make all priests equal in rank. They also wanted to abolish the nobility and distribute the lands of the nobility and the Catholic Church equally among the peasants. They decided that there should be only two orders: the city burgeroise (merchants and craftsmen) and the peasants, and they also wanted to abolish the kingdom as a form of government. Dózsa himself only wanted to be the warlord and representative of the people: subordinating himself in everything to the decisions of the people. 645:, had been present in Hungary for decades, and many of the volunteers had social and political goals in mind when joining the crusade. Franciscans organised 'gatherings' in many parts of the country which worried lords. The friars and their supporters urged peasants to deny the rents and taxes due to the king and to landlords, and declared general disobedience to superiors. There were calls for violence against tax collectors and officials. Tensions reached the point of open revolt before 15 May 1514, but on the 20th at the latest, and Bakócz was warned some days before the 15th about attacks against 927: 271: 721:, and later on he stopped the whole campaign. However, György Dózsa, his brother Gergely Dózsa and several Franciscan friars, headed by the priest Lőrinc, disobeyed the order to stop the recruitment. From then on, the crusaders labelled the nobles and the king himself as pro-Ottoman traitors. After that, the peasant armies regarded the defeat of the nobility and the king as a prerequisite for victory in their crusade against the Ottoman Empire. 439: 378:. The document requests that he be punished and removed in order to preserve the community's peace. However, it remains unclear whether this case concerns Dózsa or another man of a similar name. Family tradition recounted by Márki holds that Dózsa was a 'tall, strong' man with curly brown hair and of exceptional physical strength, but there are no contemporaneous depictions or descriptions of him. 2114: 791: 496:'Without any hope of measurable gain, why should we quarrel with each other? For what loot could we take from your plain, which has been ruined by continuous war anyways? ould it not be better if rather we fought war's glory? If, then, Hungarians, any of you wish to distinguish himself and has some little courage: let him stand in the middle and duel with me alone!' 1005: 304: 254:(today Ghindari, Romania) and was therefore from the Dózsa family belonging to the Szovát branch of the Örlőcz clan. This has since been questioned, as variants of the family name Dózsa were 'quite common' at the time in Transylvania. Márki suggested a family tree starting with András Dózsa in the beginning of the 15th century who lived in 355:, who extorted rents and taxes by torture and intimidation. Many Székelys fled the country, and Báthory's actions eventually prompted a successful revolt to replace him in December 1492. Even afterwards, the period that was probably Dózsa's youth and early adulthood was punctuated with revolts and rebellions, the most violent in 1506. 839:, Serbs from the South, and there may have been Germans, but the latter were very few in number. After the news spread about Dózsa's first victories, peasant riots took place in most places in the country, in which peasants of other nationalities, such as Slovaks, Germans, Croats, Slovenes or Serbs, also took part. 487:

from him, and threatened to join the Ottomans. The court feared that Dózsa could open Nándorfehérvár to the enemy, and bought his loyalty with two hundred gold coins and two horses in golden and silver tacks. However, Márki does not believe that this happened, as the court would have had no reason to

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gathered slowly: only three hundred people were in the camp by 24 April. A contemporary source claims that Dózsa went to Bakócz 'extraordinarily upset', asking to be appointed leader of the crusade in order to protect the peasants from exploitation. The chronicler gives the explanation that Dózsa in

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of his family was also renewed (or given to him to ennoble him, as it is unclear whether his ancestors had been nobles) and a bleeding, cut-off arm holding a sword was included on it. Based on the crimson robes embroidered with gold and golden chain given to him, Márki claims that Dózsa was rewarded

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Laurence Mészáros (Lőrinc Mészáros), a Franciscan friar and parish priest of Cegléd, who in his proclamation, the Pope, II. In the name of King Vladislaus and the legate, he promised the forgiveness of all sins and otherworldly punishment to those who go to the crusade, help it and take care of its

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with a letter of recommendation from his commander, others that he was summoned by the royal court. He perhaps took Ali's right arm there as proof of his victory. One source claims that Dózsa committed a crime before arriving at court. He is suggested to have been rewarded with a large sum of money

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Dózsa had a younger brother, Gergely Dózsa (Gregory Dózsa), who would be executed alongside him. Contemporary sources attest that Dózsa's father had had four sons; besides György and Gergely, they have been names as János, Lukács, and Menyhért. As Lukács is usually credited with the acts attributed

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rank (as Márki stipulated the Dózsas were) depended on their land for their place in the economic and social hierarchy, which limited their mobility by making them reluctant to sell or exchange their lands (although they did do so at times). Therefore, he considers it unproven that the György Dózsa

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The often biased historiography of the nobility later often claimed that the memory of György Dózsa served as a role model for other great peasant uprisings on the territory of the Hungarian crown, such as the revolt of Jovan of Czerni, which took place barely twelve years after the Dózsa War, and

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I, George Dózsa, the mighty champion valiant, head and captain of the blessed people of the Crusaders, only King of Hungary - but not subject of the Lords - individually and collectively send you our greetings! To all the cities, market towns, and villages of Hungary, especially in the counties of

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The volunteers became increasingly angry at the failure of the nobility to provide military leadership (the original and primary function of the nobility and the justification for its higher status in the society.) The rebellious, anti-landlord sentiment of these "Crusaders" became apparent during

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Dózsa's desire for glory was growing, and his fellow soldiers tried in vain to dissuade him from challenging the feared Ottoman champion to a duel. According to legend, Dózsa was incensed by Ali insulting the Hungarians and also wanted to take his 'magnificent horse' for himself. In the popular

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Choosing a commander was a problem for the crusade: the lords 'scorned' at the commons, and none of them were popular enough. Bakócz needed to find someone who was of noble origins (to uphold the notion that armies should be led by nobles), but not powerful enough to arouse the jealousy of the

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for its own protection and go against them with as large an army as possible, considering that foreign aid was unlikely. The treasurer, István Telegdy thought that it would be wiser not to recruit commoners: a large number of missing peasants would be devastating for the country's

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Variations include Gerogius Siculus, Sechel Giorgi, Cecol Giorgio, Zecheel, Zechelius, Zeglius, Georgius quidam Ceculus, Zekel, Georgius Zékel, Sekel, Scytha, Zeck, Seggius, Zeckel, Zechel, Zeel, or even Zäfkl' Jörg. He was named Dózsa (Georgio Doscha Ciculo) in 1571 at the

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in 1513–1514, but Pataki disputes this. Márki claims that the family still had members in 1913, descending from Ádám Dózsa, György Dózsa's uncle. However, Pataki found no record of people named Dózsa living in or near Dálnok in the 1602 or the more extensive 1614

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captain. During the upheaval of the peasant revolt, this Melchior or Menyhért and Dózsa were often mixed up in reports and it is unclear what actions pertained to which one of them in the early weeks of the crusade and developing revolt.

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fact wanted to use the peasant army to take vengeance on the lords for withholdding two hundred gold coins of rewards from him. For the time at least, he was not named leader, and the story of him asking for command is an improbable one.

701:, and by the time he had provided them with some military training, they began to air the grievances of their status. No measures had been taken to supply these voluntary crusaders with food or clothing. As harvest-time approached, the 621:

had been noted among Hungarian Franciscans for decades. Superiors were concerned with a tendency of monks to question authority on the basis that they only owed obedience to God, and with young friars giving lengthy speeches based on

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became the ideologues of the uprising. With their help, Dózsa effectively threatened to excommunicate the religiously minded peasant-soldiers in his army if they betrayed their "holy crusader movement" and their "just" social goals.

2301: 462:-covered right hand 'in one '. He then killed him. Although there is no decisive proof of how the duel happened, it seems to have been considered important: King Vladislaus rewarded Dózsa with a noble title, a village, and a 235:, he was probably in his forties or fifties at the time of his execution and thus must have been born around 1470. Nothing more specific is known of his ancestry, family, or early life. His birthplace has been suggested as 1036:. According to the legend, during György Dózsa's torture, some friars saw in his ear the image of Mary. The first statue was raised in 1865, with the actual monument raised in 1906. Hungarian opera composer 2144:

C. Tóth, Norbert (2015). "Az apátfalvi–nagylaki csata. A keresztes fősereg útja Pesttől Nagylakig" [The Battle of Apátfalva-Nagylak. The Route of the Main Crusader Army from Pest to Nagylak].

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C. Tóth, Norbert (2015). "Az apátfalvi–nagylaki csata. A keresztes fősereg útja Pesttől Nagylakig" [The Battle of Apátfalva-Nagylak. The Route of the Main Crusader Army from Pest to Nagylak].

2294: 914:, Lord Treasurer István Telegdy was seized and tortured to death. In general, however, the rebels only executed particularly vicious or greedy noblemen; those who freely submitted were released on 918:. Dózsa not only never broke his given word, but frequently assisted the escape of fugitives. He was unable to consistently control his followers, however, and many of them hunted down rivals. 980:

as the Hungarians were no longer a politically united people and peasants rejected military service against the Ottomans. Another consequence was the creation of new laws, an effort in the

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were named "Ulica Doža Đerđa". Two Postage stamps were issued in his honor by Hungary on 12 June 1919 and on 15 March 1947, the latter in the "social revolutionists" series.

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visions some Franciscans claimed to have. In 1512 and 1513, there seems to have been a movement of young friars who disobeyed orders and openly criticised bishops and

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elaborated the old rights of peasants, but also greatly enhanced the status of lesser nobility (gentry), erecting an iron curtain between Hungarians until 1848 when

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Vladislaus issued a proclamation commanding the peasantry to return to their homes under pain of death. By this time, the uprising had attained the dimensions of a

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and noble families with the name Székely lived there. Márki further argues that Dózsa had a sister, Katalin, who married Miklós Zeyk, a future supporter of King

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by the King, his wages doubled. He was given a village of forty households located between Nándorfehérvár and Temesvár, as well as two hundred gold coins. The

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Ambrose Ványa (Ambrus Ványa) from turkeve, a Franciscan theologist who graduated from the university, he edited Dozsa's fiery proclamations to the people,

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during the summer, and untrained agricultural workers had little military value. He proposed only asking commoners for donations and relying on noble's

2126: 283:, but there is little to support this connection. Márki suggests that János might have been the same as a János Székely inciting a rebellion among the 1172: 578:

of the country, there was a debate about the wisdom of launching a crusade: Bakócz argued that Hungary needed to exploit the internal strife of the

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The revolt was repressed but some 70,000 peasants were tortured. György's execution, and the brutal suppression of the peasants, greatly aided the

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The army was not exclusively composed of peasants of Hungarian nationality. A part of the army, about 40%, was made up of Slovaks and Rusyns from

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commanded them to return to reap the fields, and, on their refusing to do so, proceeded to maltreat their wives and families and set their armed

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The movement was thus diverted from its original object, and the peasants and their leaders began a war of vengeance against the landlords.

347:. The conflict impacted Transylvania, with the Székelys supporting Vladislaus. After his victory, they nevertheless suffered the tyranny of 2381: 950:

of the nobles. Dózsa himself had apparently become demoralized by success: after Csanád, he issued proclamations which can be described as

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and trained gunners. One of his bands advanced to within 25 kilometres of the capital. But his ill-armed ploughmen were outmatched by the

613:, there were around 15,000 volunteers in the camp at Pest within two weeks. However, there were also news of friars agitating against the 1933: 2627: 2567: 717:, and Bakócz cancelled the campaign. At that time, Bakócz stopped recruiting on the news of the clashes between peasants and nobles in 215:. The rebellion was suppressed, and Dózsa captured, tortured, and executed by being seated on a throne (itself smouldering according to 2069: 1226:['The Smouldering Iron Throne is a Figment of the Imagination'—Historia Gabriella Erdélyi On the 1514 Dózsa Peasant Uprising]. 2607: 1065: 1025: 2572: 2163: 1659: 1426: 2481: 332: 488:

reward a soldier threatening treason instead of executing him. With this victory, Dózsa won a nation-wide reputation and fame.

324: 2592: 2416: 1292: 524:, who gave him command of the crusaders as a consolation. This is unlikely to have happened in this way. Dózsa was, however, 35: 2476: 2441: 2346: 593:

for the crusade. The party favouring the peasants' crusade won and the bull was published on 9 April. The King arranged for

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instead of repeating conventional interpretations. From the beginning of the 1510s, these phenomena were exacerbated with

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Bak, János (1994). "The Late Medieval Period, 1382–1526". In Sugar, Peter F.; Hanák, Péter; Frank, Tibor (eds.).

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noblemen were killed by impalement, crucifixion, and other methods. Dózsa's camp at Cegléd was the centre of the

1029: 476: 2597: 1284: 1057:. The Hungarian component of his movement was downplayed, but its strong anti-feudal character was emphasized. 1050: 868: 344: 212: 2386: 1061: 2260: 2536: 2516: 2426: 2401: 2310: 2263:[A Current of Franscican Opposition in the Background of the Hungarian Peasant War and Reformation] 1847: 970: 348: 1224:""Az izzó vastrón a képzelet szüleménye" – Erdélyi Gabriella történész az 1514-es Dózsa-parasztfelkelésről" 279:

to Gergely in other sources, the two names probably denote the same person. Menyhért supposedly became the

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The peasant armies did not trust in the leadership of nobility, thus they elected their own leaders.

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It has been claimed by Márki and accepted by Pataki that Dózsa participated in the 1513 campaign of

315:. He grew up in a time of widespread social upheaval and small rebellions. During the reign of King 274:

A suggested genealogy of the Dózsa family, drawn by Márki. It is not considered sufficiently proven.

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of the kingdom were called out against it, and soldiers of fortune were hired in haste from the

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Norman Housley: Religious Warfare in Europe 1400–1536 (page: 70) Oxford University Press, 2002

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of great courage during this siege. They tell the story of him beating the Ottoman champion,

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colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/179860-György_Dózsa_1474-1514-Hungarian_Freedom_Fighters-Hungary

2066: 1485:[György Dózsa 1514–2014. A Conversation with Norbert C. Tóth and Tamás Pálosfalvi]. 1305: 267:

from Dálnok was the same person recorded as being from Makfalva in the 1507 court document.

219:), crowned with red-hot iron, devoured alive by his followers under duress, then quartered. 2158:(in Hungarian). Budapest: MTA Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont Történettudományi Intézet. 1741: 1654:(in Hungarian). Budapest: MTA Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont Történettudományi Intézet. 533:

above the level of simple knighthood and could have hoped for a career at the royal court.

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The rebellion became more dangerous when the towns joined on the side of the peasants. In

798: 618: 258:. His sons, Tamás and Ádám would have then moved to Dálnok and started families. Tamás, a 247:

in his 1913 biography of Dózsa that he was the man identified in a 1507 court document as

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As his suppression had become a political necessity, Dózsa was routed at Temesvár (today

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priests - some of the lowest-ranking groups of medieval society. They assembled in their

387: 297: 303: 262:(infantry captain) became György Dózsa's father. Pataki doubts this, as Székelys of the 627: 623: 579: 438: 391: 280: 232: 1911: 1605: 1561: 1446: 1370: 2551: 2356: 2234: 2189: 2182: 2130: 2120: 1890: 1728: 1323: 1136: 947: 911: 832: 755:

Anthony Nagy (Antal Nagy), the leader of the Kalocsa crusaders, nobleman from Sárköz,

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When Dózsa arrived in Buda, some primary sources describe him being reprimanded by

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His revolutionary image and Transylvanian background were drawn upon during the

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colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/190132-György_Dózsa-Social_Revolutionists-Hungary

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on a field outside the castle of Nándorfehérvár, and Dózsa cut off Ali's

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Within a few weeks, Dózsa had gathered an army of some 40,000 so-called

69: 2366: 2139:. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 462. 1073: 993: 962: 884: 843: 825: 706: 642: 567: 559: 466:. Some accounts claim that Dózsa demanded a prize himself, arriving at 406: 403: 363: 320: 240: 134: 311:

Dózsa probably did not receive much education, and seems to have been

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Today, on the site of the martyrdom of the hot throne, there is the

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origins and known to his contemporaries as György Székely. Based on

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The rebellion spread quickly, principally in the central or purely

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Ambrose Száleresi (Ambrus Száleresi), a well-to-do citizen of Pest.

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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

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In the course of the summer, Dózsa seized the fortresses of Arad,

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sent against them were unhorsed as they passed through the gates.

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sick, but he threatened church curses to those who do not do this.

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and pre-emptively branded anyone who would impede the crusade as

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in Hungarian villages. A number of streets in several cities of

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Gregory Dózsa (Gergely Dózsa), younger brother of György Dózsa,

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E. Kovács, Péter; C. Tóth, Norbert; Pálosfalvi, Tamás (2014).

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were taxed oppressively; after Matthias' death in 1490, the

479:, refused to give to him. At this, Dózsa murdered a royal 2147:

Keresztesekből lázadók. Tanulmányok 1514 Magyarországáról

1768:"Ki volt Ványai Ambrus?, Jászkunság 1975. mátcius-június" 1643:

Keresztesekből lázadók. Tanulmányok 1514 Magyarországáról

891:. Meanwhile, Dózsa had captured the city and fortress of 609:

order, probably on 25 April 1514. Due to the work of the

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From Crusaders to Rebels. Studies of the Hungary of 1514

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From Crusaders to Rebels. Studies of the Hungary of 1514

1258: 1256: 1202: 1200: 1608:[Dózsa, Commander-in-Chief of the Crusaders]. 1373:[The Valour and Distinction of György Dózsa]. 685:, consisting for the most part of peasants, wandering 319:, which covered what was probably Dózsa's childhood, 374:(today Mediaș, Romania) that year, killing multiple 1818:"Nagy Iván: Magyarország családai – Kecskés család" 1692: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1678: 156: 148: 140: 130: 108: 79: 60: 30:"Gheorghe Doja" redirects here. For the opera, see 2233: 2181: 1276: 550:was elected, a man enthusiastic about driving the 1742:"Erdődi Bakócz Tamás élete V. fejezet Végső évei" 1080:. Also, a number of streets in several cities of 1068:bear his name, and it is one of the most popular 1008:Dózsa's portrait on the former 20 forint banknote 442:A posthumous portrait of György Dózsa from 1913, 1222:Kovács, Péter; Erdélyi, Gabriella (2 May 2014). 2311:Medieval and Early Modern European peasant wars 854:were burnt and thousands of the lower untitled 804: 727: 601:Social tensions and the role of the Franciscans 554:out of Europe. On 17 June 1513, he published a 494: 394:forces. He then probably joined the defence of 362:indeed refers to Dózsa, he committed a violent 2213:[On the Life Journey of György Dózsa] 965:) on 15 July 1514 by an army of 20,000 led by 649:and the possibility of a widespread uprising. 2295: 1421:. A Szablya Iskolája Egyesület. p. 157. 895:(today's Cenad), and signaled his victory by 867:In reaction, the papal bull was revoked, and 617:order around the country. Radical notions of 27:Leader of the 1514 Hungarian peasants' revolt 8: 331:(the late King's illegitimate son), Emperor 2188:(First ed.). New York, United States: 1870:"Magyar életrajzi lexikon Száleresi Ambrus" 1718:http://www.history.com/topics/hungary/page4 749:Thomas Kecskés (Tamás Kecskés) from Aszaló, 423:(today Smederevo, Serbia), named as Ali of 2302: 2288: 2280: 1564:[The Prohibition of the Crusade]. 74:Contemporary woodcut of Dózsa's execution. 68: 57: 1934:"Nemesek nélküli államot akartak Dózsáék" 597:to be redirected to fund the operations. 513:for his crimes. Dózsa then complained to 1987:. Egyháztörténeti Szemle. Archived from 1003: 641:ideologies, especially the teachings of 1114: 1093: 942:(now Şiria), and provided himself with 728:Dózsa's most notable elected co-leaders 450:account, the two men first fought with 1840:"Főurakat és püspököket húztak karóba" 1404: 1371:"Dósa György vitézsége és kitüntetése" 1262: 1247: 1206: 1599: 1597: 1588: 1547: 1535: 1523: 1511: 1499: 1440: 1438: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1354: 1326:[The Youth of György Dózsa]. 431:on 28 February 1514. Ali was a great 7: 2382:Funen and Jutland Peasant rebellions 2225:(8): 1147–1155 – via EPA OSZK. 1912:"Márki Sándor Dósa György 1470–1514" 1729:Márki Sándor: DÓSA GYÖRGY, 1470-1514 1696: 1419:Saber Fencing: sport and martial art 1317: 1315: 1217: 1215: 1183:Hungarian Biographical Encyclopaedia 1130: 1128: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1120: 1118: 605:Bakócz entrusted recruitment to the 2392:John and William Merfold's uprising 2332:Rebellions of Basil the Copper Hand 1449:[The Plan of the Crusade]. 797:from the "Dózsa woodcut series" by 770:Based on the research of professor 492:Ali's challenge according to legend 2618:16th-century executions by Hungary 2522:Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan 2342:Peasant revolt in Flanders 1323–28 2275:(4): 409–435 – via EPA OSZK. 307:Seal of the Dózsa family from 1677 125:, Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary 25: 1793:"Ványai Ambrus (Túrkevey Ambrus)" 758:Benedict Pogány (Benedek Pogány), 574:on the border. Among the leading 360:Georgius Dosa Siculus de Makfalva 358:If the 1507 court document about 2180:Barabási, Albert-László (2010). 2112: 2472:Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt 2452:Peasant's Rebellion in Telemark 1932:Keisz Ágoston (27 April 2014). 325:War of the Hungarian Succession 2482:Peasants' War in Upper Austria 2417:Slovene peasant revolt of 1515 2209:Pataki, József (August 1971). 1606:"Dósa, a keresztesek fővezére" 36:Gheorghe Doja (disambiguation) 1: 2588:Medieval Transylvanian people 2583:16th-century Hungarian people 2578:15th-century Hungarian people 2269:Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények 2125:Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). " 1562:"A keresztesháború eltiltása" 1283:. Bloomington, Indianapolis: 1171:Kenyeres, Ágnes, ed. (1967). 846:provinces, where hundreds of 752:Francis Bagos (Ferenc Bagos), 182: 144:György Székely, Gheorghe Doja 2512:Dalecarlian Rebellion (1743) 2377:Transylvanian peasant revolt 2236:A Concise History of Hungary 2029:"A brief history of Hungary" 777:The formerly peasant origin 743:"Priest Barabbas" (Barabás), 675:Leader of the peasant revolt 402:). Sources mention him as a 382:Mercenary career and heroism 335:, and two brothers from the 188:– 20 July 1514) was a 53:when mentioning individuals. 2477:Ivan Bolotnikov's Rebellion 2442:Skipper Clement's Rebellion 2362:Peasants' Revolt in England 2347:St. George's Night Uprising 1139:[The Family Dósa]. 1015:peasant uprising in Croatia 2644: 2628:People executed by burning 2568:People from Covasna County 2242:Cambridge University Press 2211:"Dózsa György életútjáról" 1838:Papp Attila (8 May 2014). 1616:Magyar Történelmi Társulat 1614:(in Hungarian). Budapest: 1572:Magyar Történelmi Társulat 1570:(in Hungarian). Budapest: 1457:Magyar Történelmi Társulat 1455:(in Hungarian). Budapest: 1381:Magyar Történelmi Társulat 1379:(in Hungarian). Budapest: 1334:Magyar Történelmi Társulat 1332:(in Hungarian). Budapest: 1147:Magyar Történelmi Társulat 1145:(in Hungarian). Budapest: 709:upon the local peasantry. 40: 29: 2608:Executed Hungarian people 2497:Swiss peasant war of 1653 2487:Kostka-Napierski Uprising 2397:Carinthian Peasant Revolt 2317: 1447:"A keresztesháború terve" 1060:In Budapest, a square, a 249:Georgius Dosa Siculus de 211:during the reign of King 67: 2573:Executed revolutionaries 1285:Indiana University Press 1178:Magyar életrajzi lexikon 815:Dózsa's speech at Cegléd 213:Vladislaus II of Hungary 152:leader of peasant revolt 49:. This article uses 41:The native form of this 2402:Friulian Revolt of 1511 2232:Molnar, Miklos (2001). 2136:Encyclopædia Britannica 1740:Fraknói Vilmos (1889). 1417:Gergely Hidasi (2017). 713:their march across the 522:Archbishop of Esztergom 483:, stole three thousand 471:by the King, which the 223:Ancestry and early life 160:Gergely Dózsa (brother) 2532:Saxon Peasants' Revolt 2492:Morning Star Rebellion 2437:Palatine Peasants' War 2432:Dalecarlian Rebellions 1983:Péter Katalin (2001). 1766:Györffy Lajos (1975). 1604:Márki, Sándor (1913). 1560:Márki, Sándor (1913). 1445:Márki, Sándor (1913). 1369:Márki, Sándor (1913). 1324:"Dósa György ifjúsága" 1322:Márki, Sándor (1913). 1135:Márki, Sándor (1913). 1055:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 1009: 931: 922:Downfall and execution 818: 802: 498: 446: 308: 275: 243:). It was asserted by 207:against the kingdom's 34:. For other uses, see 2593:Hungarian mercenaries 2502:Stenka Razin Uprising 2387:Jack Cade's rebellion 1611:Dósa György 1470–1514 1567:Dósa György 1470–1514 1452:Dósa György 1470–1514 1376:Dósa György 1470–1514 1329:Dósa György 1470–1514 1250:, pp. 1150–1151. 1142:Dósa György 1470–1514 1028:, built by architect 1007: 978:1526 Ottoman invasion 929: 793: 715:Great Hungarian Plain 441: 306: 273: 2623:Medieval mercenaries 2537:Peasants' War (1798) 2517:Pugachev's Rebellion 2427:German Peasants' War 2259:Szűcs, Jenő (1974). 2072:21 July 2011 at the 1963:lexikon.katolikus.hu 1850:on 28 September 2014 1279:A History of Hungary 1193:– via Arcanum. 1062:busy six-lane avenue 1026:Virgin Mary Monument 938:(today Lipova), and 337:Jagiellonian dynasty 285:Transylvanian Saxons 227:György Dózsa was of 32:György Dózsa (opera) 2613:16th-century rebels 2080:139, September 2009 2018:Barbasi pp. 263–266 1538:, pp. 420–421. 1526:, pp. 422–423. 824:and elsewhere, the 131:Cause of death 2422:Arumer Zwarte Hoop 2337:Uprising of Ivaylo 1010: 932: 881:Republic of Venice 803: 447: 327:broke out between 309: 276: 201:Kingdom of Hungary 102:Kingdom of Hungary 51:Western name order 2545: 2544: 2507:Bulavin Rebellion 2251:978-0-521-66736-4 2199:978-0-525-95160-5 2065:Emanuel Copilaş, 930:Dózsa's execution 910:Subsequently, at 889:Holy Roman Empire 835:, Romanians from 795:Dózsa on the Wall 786:Growing rebellion 779:Franciscan friars 546:On 9 March 1513, 398:(today Belgrade, 317:Matthias Corvinus 164: 163: 16:(Redirected from 2635: 2462:Kett's Rebellion 2372:Cabochien Revolt 2304: 2297: 2290: 2281: 2276: 2271:(in Hungarian). 2266: 2255: 2239: 2226: 2221:(in Hungarian). 2216: 2203: 2187: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2157: 2140: 2118: 2116: 2115: 2099: 2096: 2090: 2087: 2081: 2064: 2060: 2054: 2051: 2045: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2035:on 12 April 2010 2031:. Archived from 2025: 2019: 2016: 2010: 2007: 2001: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1991:on 22 March 2021 1980: 1974: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1955: 1949: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1929: 1923: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1908: 1902: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1887: 1881: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1866: 1860: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1846:. Archived from 1835: 1829: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1814: 1808: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1789: 1783: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1772: 1763: 1757: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1737: 1731: 1726: 1720: 1715: 1709: 1706: 1700: 1694: 1673: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1653: 1637: 1631: 1630: 1624: 1622: 1601: 1592: 1586: 1580: 1579: 1557: 1551: 1545: 1539: 1533: 1527: 1521: 1515: 1509: 1503: 1497: 1491: 1490: 1478: 1472: 1471: 1465: 1463: 1442: 1433: 1432: 1414: 1408: 1402: 1396: 1395: 1389: 1387: 1366: 1349: 1348: 1342: 1340: 1319: 1310: 1309: 1306:Internet Archive 1303: 1301: 1282: 1272: 1266: 1260: 1251: 1245: 1239: 1238: 1236: 1234: 1219: 1210: 1204: 1195: 1194: 1192: 1190: 1168: 1162: 1161: 1155: 1153: 1132: 1102: 1098: 1040:wrote an opera, 988:. The resulting 816: 639:religious reform 511:Bishop of Csanád 501: 292:, although many 205:peasants' revolt 187: 184: 141:Other names 118: 116: 90: 88: 72: 58: 21: 2643: 2642: 2638: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2633: 2632: 2598:Peasant revolts 2548: 2547: 2546: 2541: 2412:Dózsa rebellion 2313: 2308: 2264: 2258: 2252: 2231: 2214: 2208: 2200: 2179: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2155: 2143: 2124: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2103: 2102: 2097: 2093: 2088: 2084: 2078:Sfera Politicii 2074:Wayback Machine 2062: 2061: 2057: 2052: 2048: 2038: 2036: 2027: 2026: 2022: 2017: 2013: 2008: 2004: 1994: 1992: 1982: 1981: 1977: 1967: 1965: 1957: 1956: 1952: 1942: 1940: 1931: 1930: 1926: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1909: 1905: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1888: 1884: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1867: 1863: 1853: 1851: 1837: 1836: 1832: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1815: 1811: 1801: 1799: 1791: 1790: 1786: 1776: 1774: 1770: 1765: 1764: 1760: 1750: 1748: 1739: 1738: 1734: 1727: 1723: 1716: 1712: 1707: 1703: 1695: 1676: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1651: 1639: 1638: 1634: 1620: 1618: 1603: 1602: 1595: 1587: 1583: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1546: 1542: 1534: 1530: 1522: 1518: 1510: 1506: 1498: 1494: 1489:(in Hungarian). 1487:Magyar Tudomány 1480: 1479: 1475: 1461: 1459: 1444: 1443: 1436: 1429: 1416: 1415: 1411: 1407:, p. 1152. 1403: 1399: 1385: 1383: 1368: 1367: 1352: 1338: 1336: 1321: 1320: 1313: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1274: 1273: 1269: 1265:, p. 1151. 1261: 1254: 1246: 1242: 1232: 1230: 1221: 1220: 1213: 1209:, p. 1150. 1205: 1198: 1188: 1186: 1170: 1169: 1165: 1151: 1149: 1137:"A Dósa-család" 1134: 1133: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1105: 1099: 1095: 1090: 1002: 996:was abolished. 986:István Werbőczy 971:Stephen Báthory 924: 817: 814: 799:Gyula Derkovits 788: 768: 730: 677: 655: 619:social equality 603: 544: 539: 537:Peasant crusade 503: 500: 493: 444:Viktor Madarász 384: 239:(today Dalnic, 233:primary sources 225: 209:landed nobility 185: 126: 120: 114: 112: 104: 91: 86: 84: 75: 63: 54: 39: 28: 23: 22: 18:Dózsa rebellion 15: 12: 11: 5: 2641: 2639: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2603:Székely people 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2550: 2549: 2543: 2542: 2540: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2318: 2315: 2314: 2309: 2307: 2306: 2299: 2292: 2284: 2278: 2277: 2256: 2250: 2228: 2227: 2205: 2204: 2198: 2177: 2164: 2141: 2131:Chisholm, Hugh 2107: 2104: 2101: 2100: 2091: 2082: 2055: 2046: 2020: 2011: 2002: 1975: 1950: 1924: 1903: 1882: 1861: 1830: 1809: 1797:new.turkeve.hu 1784: 1758: 1732: 1721: 1710: 1701: 1674: 1660: 1632: 1593: 1591:, p. 414. 1581: 1552: 1550:, p. 410. 1540: 1528: 1516: 1514:, p. 419. 1504: 1502:, p. 413. 1492: 1473: 1434: 1427: 1409: 1397: 1350: 1311: 1293: 1287:. p. 71. 1267: 1252: 1240: 1228:Magyar Narancs 1211: 1196: 1173:"Dózsa György" 1163: 1113: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1103: 1092: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1030:László Székely 1021:in 1572–1573. 1001: 998: 982:Hungarian Diet 923: 920: 812: 787: 784: 767: 764: 763: 762: 759: 756: 753: 750: 747: 744: 741: 737: 729: 726: 676: 673: 654: 651: 602: 599: 580:Ottoman Empire 558:authorising a 543: 540: 538: 535: 491: 490: 477:István Telegdy 396:Nándorfehérvár 383: 380: 281:ban of Croatia 224: 221: 171:György Székely 162: 161: 158: 154: 153: 150: 149:Known for 146: 145: 142: 138: 137: 132: 128: 127: 121: 110: 106: 105: 92: 81: 77: 76: 73: 65: 64: 61: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2640: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2553: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 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1071: 1067: 1066:metro station 1063: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1047: 1046:, about him. 1045: 1044: 1039: 1035: 1032:and sculptor 1031: 1027: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1006: 999: 997: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 974: 972: 968: 964: 960: 955: 953: 949: 948:heavy cavalry 945: 941: 937: 928: 921: 919: 917: 913: 908: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 865: 863: 862: 857: 853: 849: 845: 840: 838: 834: 833:Upper Hungary 829: 827: 823: 811: 809: 800: 796: 792: 785: 783: 780: 775: 773: 765: 760: 757: 754: 751: 748: 745: 742: 738: 735: 734: 733: 725: 722: 720: 716: 710: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 683: 674: 672: 669: 663: 660: 652: 650: 648: 644: 640: 635: 633: 629: 625: 620: 616: 612: 608: 600: 598: 596: 592: 591: 586: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 541: 536: 534: 531: 527: 523: 519: 516: 512: 508: 502: 497: 489: 486: 482: 481:tax collector 478: 474: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 445: 440: 436: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 413: 408: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 381: 379: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 356: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 329:John Corvinus 326: 322: 318: 314: 305: 301: 299: 295: 291: 286: 282: 272: 268: 265: 261: 257: 253: 252: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 222: 220: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 191: 180: 179:Gheorghe Doja 176: 172: 168: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 136: 133: 129: 124: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 82: 78: 71: 66: 59: 56: 52: 48: 44: 43:personal name 37: 33: 19: 2558:1470s births 2272: 2268: 2235: 2222: 2218: 2183: 2169:. Retrieved 2151: 2146: 2134: 2094: 2085: 2077: 2058: 2053:Molnar p. 83 2049: 2037:. Retrieved 2033:the original 2023: 2014: 2005: 1995:23 September 1993:. Retrieved 1989:the original 1978: 1968:21 September 1966:. Retrieved 1962: 1953: 1943:21 September 1941:. Retrieved 1937: 1927: 1917:22 September 1915:. Retrieved 1906: 1896:20 September 1894:. Retrieved 1885: 1875:20 September 1873:. Retrieved 1864: 1854:22 September 1852:. Retrieved 1848:the original 1843: 1833: 1823:22 September 1821:. Retrieved 1812: 1802:22 September 1800:. Retrieved 1796: 1787: 1777:20 September 1775:. Retrieved 1773:. Jászkunság 1761: 1751:23 September 1749:. Retrieved 1745: 1735: 1724: 1713: 1704: 1665:. Retrieved 1647: 1642: 1635: 1625:– via 1619:. Retrieved 1610: 1584: 1574:– via 1566: 1555: 1543: 1531: 1519: 1507: 1495: 1486: 1476: 1466:– via 1460:. Retrieved 1451: 1418: 1412: 1400: 1390:– via 1384:. Retrieved 1375: 1343:– via 1337:. Retrieved 1328: 1304:– via 1298:. Retrieved 1278: 1270: 1243: 1231:. 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Retrieved 1141: 1096: 1077: 1070:street names 1059: 1048: 1043:Dózsa György 1041: 1038:Ferenc Erkel 1023: 1019:Ambroz Gubec 1011: 975: 967:John Zápolya 956: 933: 909: 866: 859: 848:manor houses 841: 837:Transylvania 830: 819: 806: 805: 794: 776: 772:Sándor Márki 769: 766:Social Goals 731: 723: 711: 680: 678: 664: 656: 647:manor houses 636: 604: 589: 545: 530:coat of arms 518:Tamás Bakócz 507:Miklós Csáky 504: 499: 495: 464:coat of arms 448: 410: 388:John Zápolya 385: 359: 357: 333:Maximilian I 310: 298:John Zápolya 293: 277: 263: 259: 248: 226: 197:Transylvania 178: 170: 167:György Dózsa 166: 165: 119:20 July 1514 98:Transylvania 62:György Dózsa 55: 47:Dózsa György 46: 2563:1514 deaths 2407:Poor Conrad 1746:mek.oszk.hu 1405:Pataki 1971 1263:Pataki 1971 1248:Pataki 1971 1207:Pataki 1971 1076:were named 1034:György Kiss 990:Tripartitum 653:Recruitment 628:apocalyptic 585:agriculture 341:John Albert 193:man-at-arms 186: 1470 2552:Categories 2527:Great Fear 2467:Cudgel War 2171:8 December 1667:8 December 1621:8 December 1589:Szűcs 1974 1548:Szűcs 1974 1536:Szűcs 1974 1524:Szűcs 1974 1512:Szűcs 1974 1500:Szűcs 1974 1462:8 December 1386:8 December 1339:8 December 1300:8 December 1294:0253355788 1233:8 December 1189:8 December 1152:8 December 1109:References 1053:regime of 952:nihilistic 887:, and the 875:; all the 873:revolution 659:volunteers 657:At first, 624:scriptures 607:Franciscan 590:banderiums 572:fortresses 548:Pope Leo X 542:Background 485:gold coins 454:then with 345:Vladislaus 313:illiterate 203:who led a 115:1514-07-20 2457:Dacke War 2352:Jacquerie 2327:Stellinga 1697:Bain 1911 1101:earliest. 1051:Communist 959:Timișoara 905:castellan 861:jacquerie 707:retainers 703:landlords 668:mercenary 473:treasurer 433:swordsman 376:merchants 256:Marosszék 157:Relatives 2447:Opryshky 2322:Bagaudae 2070:Archived 1938:origo.hu 1627:MEK OSZK 1576:MEK OSZK 1468:MEK OSZK 1392:MEK OSZK 1345:MEK OSZK 1158:MEK OSZK 1064:, and a 903:and the 897:impaling 813:— 699:counties 687:students 568:traitors 564:holy war 552:Ottomans 526:knighted 515:Cardinal 390:against 321:peasants 251:Makfalva 175:Romanian 123:Temesvár 2367:Harelle 2273:LXXVIII 2133:(ed.). 2123:: 2106:Sources 2039:14 June 1844:duol.hu 1074:Romania 1017:led by 994:serfdom 984:led by 963:Romania 944:cannons 940:Világos 885:Bohemia 877:vassals 852:castles 826:cavalry 719:Mezőtúr 643:Jan Hus 560:crusade 425:Epeiros 421:Szendrő 415:of the 407:captain 404:cavalry 392:Ottoman 372:Medgyes 364:robbery 353:Báthory 351:István 349:Voivode 241:Romania 229:Székely 190:Székely 135:Torture 85: ( 2248: 2219:Korunk 2196: 2184:Bursts 2162: 2154:] 2129:". 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