887:
661:
504:
1110:
1099:
868:
105:
147:
2266:
122:
771:
879:
1051:. According to Ochab's memories, when Stalin fiercely insisted on the need to "close the case", Ochab requested a break for consultations in the nearby room. He told his associates from the PKWN that he would resign from his position as the chairman of that body, as he could not find enough spiritual strength and inner conviction to promote Polish–Soviet friendship. The conversation was interrupted and the delegation was escorted to the premises in the seat
2259:
646:
1724:
2989:
1732:
1167:. Circumference 620 cm (240 in), height 38 m (125 ft). This tree has one of the most columnar trunks among the oaks in Białowieża Forest. The first branches arise at the height of 18 m. It has been gradually dying since 1998. As of 2005, only two small branches still have leaves. Since the mid-1960s its trunk circumference has grown by about 45 cm (18 in).
154:
129:
1388:
1121:
550:. At present, a hotel and restaurant with a car park is located there. Guided tours into the strictly protected areas of the park can be arranged on foot, bike or by horse-drawn carriage. Approximately 120,000–150,000 tourists visit the Polish part of the forest annually (about 10,000 of them are from other countries). Among the attractions are
1380:
1031:, wrote in his memoirs regarding the negotiations about the demarcation of the border in the area of Białowieża Forest. According to his view, the Soviet officials repeated many times that they were not interested in enlarging their vast state, but only in sorting out the issue of Belarusian and Ukrainian nationalities in the borderland area (
1191:. Circumference 658 cm (259 in), height 37 m (121 ft). This is one of the thickest oaks in the forest. The tree is largely bent down westwards, which most probably has contributed to the large circumference of the trunk at its base. All the branches are live, indicating that the tree is in good condition.
1203:. Circumference 680 cm (270 in), height over 36 m (118 ft). One of the thickest oaks of the Białowieża, the tree has been dead since 1992 and its trunk is now largely devoid of bark. For many years it dominated the Białowieża Forest as far as size is concerned. Its age is estimated at 450 years.
1185:. Circumference 630 cm (250 in), height 36 m (118 ft). At the base of the trunk it has a considerable lesion in the bark on the eastern side. From the mid-1960s its circumference has grown by 65 cm (26 in). The name comes from the shape of its crown, whose main branches evoke a cross.
1197:. Circumference 740 cm (290 in), height over 30 m (98 ft). This tree is named for its barrel-shaped trunk, and is the oak which reaches the greatest trunk circumference among the Białowieża oaks. The tree is dead and largely devoid of bark, and is estimated to be around 450 years old.
1326:
and forestry academic, announced that he would approve a tripling of logging in the forest, from the 2012–21 limit of 63,000 m (2,200,000 cu ft) – almost exhausted at the time – to 188,000 m (6,600,000 cu ft), offering the excuse of "combatting an infestation of the bark
813:
and handed them over to various
Russian aristocrats and generals along with the parts of forest where they lived. Also, a large number of hunters were able to enter the forest, as all protection was abolished. Following this, the number of bison fell from more than 500 to fewer than 200 in 15 years.
683:
The entire area of northeastern Europe was originally covered by ancient woodland similar to that of the Białowieża Forest. Until about the 14th century, travel through the woodland was limited to river routes; roads and bridges appeared much later. Limited hunting rights were granted throughout the
1481:
in 1:1 scale, and convinced them to do the same for Białowieża Forest. In return Ogilvy and
Greenpeace provided reference material for Geoboxers in the form of a 3D topographical map of the 700-square-kilometre (270 sq mi) forest made from hundreds of images and maps of Białowieża Forest
1491:
developed by
Different Tales and released on October 13, 2020 (for MS Windows, Linux and Mac OS) takes place in Białowieża Forest. The player takes the role of Maia Boroditch, an American woman of Polish descent, who has recurring nightmares about a forest and wolves, and travels to Białowieża in
1346:
programme, though
Szyszko claims that the logging plans would not apply to strictly protected areas, and claims that, rather than being 8,000 years old, as scientists claim, parts of the forest had been created by an "enterprising hand of man" on lands that centuries ago included fields of
1161:, in which the main protagonist (Mr Jourdain) was appointed the Mamamouchi by a Turkish ambassador. Since 1989 the tree's circumference grew by 10 cm (3.9 in). Of all the oaks in Białowieża Forest with a circumference above 600 cm (240 in), it is in the best condition.
399:. The World Heritage Committee, through its decision of June 2014, approved the extension of the UNESCO World Heritage site "Białowieża Forest/Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Poland, Belarus", which became "Białowieża Forest, Poland, Belarus". It straddles the border between
419:, Belarus. The Białowieża Forest World Heritage site covers a total area of 141,885 ha (1,418.85 km; 547.82 sq mi). Since the border between the two countries runs through the forest, there is a border crossing available for hikers and cyclists.
1074:
was protected under
Decision No. 657 of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union, 9 October 1944; Order No. 2252-P of the USSR Council of Ministers, 9 August 1957; and Decree No. 352 of the Byelorussian SSR Council of Ministers, 16 September 1991.
903:
the forest suffered heavy losses. The German army seized the area in August 1915 and started to hunt the animals. During three years of German occupation, 200 kilometres (124 miles) of railway tracks were laid in the forest to support the local industry. Three
1234:) of Poland. Circumference 640 cm (250 in), height 41 m (135 ft). The tree's volume has been estimated at 75 m (2,600 cu ft). It died in 1984, and for over 20 years it has been standing dead on the edge of the valley of
1035:). Ochab emphasized to his Soviet negotiators that the problem didn't exist in Białowieża Forest and that the forest had a special historical place in the Polish national memory as a place where guerilla fights took place during the uprising against the
3157:
1295:
from
February 2010 to November 2011, sought to increase protection over the whole forest, starting with a more modest 12,000–14,000-hectare (30,000–35,000-acre) expansion, against opposition from the local community and the Forestry Service.
1252:). One of the oldest oaks in the Belarusian National Park, standing 31 m (102 ft) tall, having a diameter in excess of 2 m (6.6 ft), and being over 550 years of age. It stands 1 kilometre (0.6 miles) from the estate of
558:
observations, watching bison in their natural environment, and sledge as well as carriage rides, with a bonfire. Expert nature guides can also be found in the nearby urban centres. Tours are possible all year round. The popular village of
886:
844:. Between 1888 and 1917, the Russian tsars owned all of primaeval forest, which became the royal hunting reserve. The tsars sent bison as gifts to various European capitals, while at the same time populating the forest with
1358:
Large-scale logging started in 2017. 190,000 cubic metres of wood (160,000 to 180,000 trees) was felled, the largest volume of logging since 1988. The Polish government has ignored pleas from UNESCO to stop logging the
1311:. In 2012, the amount of wood that can be extracted by foresters annually was briefly reduced from about 120,000 m (4,200,000 cu ft) to 48,500 m (1,700,000 cu ft), approximately 20,000,000
1283:, director of the Białowieża National Park, said that cutting and replanting allows for re-establishment of the forest in 50 years, rather than the 300–400 years that nature would require; environmentalist
999:
operations by
Luftwaffe security battalions in the Białowieża Forest between 1942 and 1944 that resulted in the murder of thousands of Jews and Polish civilians.) In July 1944 the area was overtaken by the
2847:
960:). To protect them, in 1932 most of the forest was declared a national park. The reintroduction proved successful, and by 1939 there were 16 bison in Białowieża National Park. Two of them, from the zoo in
1307:, who lost 30% of their population in forestry-managed areas in the 1990s and 2000s. Poland's state forestry board claims the logging is for protection and for ecological reasons, protecting against the
2703:
3141:
2559:
2526:
1764:
1212:. Circumference (when growing) 550 cm (220 in), height 39 m (128 ft). It blew down in 1974, but is probably the most famous of the trees in the forest. It is said that King
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reintroduced the reserve and hired a small number of foresters to protect the animals, and by the 1830s there were 700 bison. However, most of the foresters (500 out of 502) took part in the
2647:
2919:
2785:
382:
In 2015, the
Belarusian Biosphere Reserve spanned 216,200 ha (2,162 km; 835 sq mi), subdivided into transition, buffer and core zones. The forest has been designated a
924:
and Soviet marauders continued the slaughter until
February 1919 when the area was captured by the Polish army. The last bison had been killed just a month earlier. Thousands of deer and
739:
The forest was declared a hunting reserve in 1541 to protect bison. In 1557, the forest charter was issued, under which a special board was established to examine forest usage. In 1639,
3028:
1151:. Circumference 690 cm (270 in) (2005), height 34 m (112 ft). One of the thickest oaks in the forest, with a beautiful column-like trunk. The tree's name comes from
2615:
2732:
2153:
2447:
2385:
2330:
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1012:
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Some 84% of the 60,000 hectares (150,000 acres) of Polish forest is outside the national park; almost half of all the wood in the forest is dead – 10 times more than in
2300:
2839:
2816:
2912:
1702:
1676:
1425:(2007), which investigates places that have been abandoned or left alone and imagines what they would be like if Earth's human population suddenly disappeared.
782:, the forest was mostly unpopulated. However, in the late 17th century, several small villages were established for development of local iron-ore deposits and
2695:
3292:
3282:
3021:
1892:
943:, became a scientific manager of the forest reserves in the Białowieża Forest. He carried out detailed studies of the structure of forest vegetation there.
3262:
2416:
950:
survived in zoos all around the world, none of them in Poland. In 1929, a small herd of four was bought by the Polish state from various zoos and from the
2549:
2512:
597:
26,1%, and the touristic zone and economic zone combined 36%; the
National Park and World Heritage Site comprises 876 km (338 sq mi). The
3121:
1754:
3136:
2477:
3297:
2905:
2028:
3307:
3302:
3277:
3014:
2637:
2000:
1024:
972:
216:
2777:
1335:
Polska, argued that logging to fight the bark beetle would "bring more damage than benefits", gathering more than 120,000 signatures to petition
1914:
1873:
1342:
to reverse Szyszko's move. Greenpeace also said the logging could trigger the EU to launch punitive procedures against Poland for violating its
920:. Up to 25 September 1915, at least 200 bison were killed, and an order was issued forbidding hunting in the reserve. However, German soldiers,
759:, or royal foresters. They were also freed of taxes in exchange for taking care of the forest. The forest was divided into 12 triangular areas (
660:
146:
3287:
3267:
3217:
3041:
1179:. Circumference 605 cm (238 in), height 37 m (121 ft). The tree has a very regular trunk and shows no clear signs of dying.
1016:
121:
3222:
2585:
1040:
2607:
700:
a bison. The King also built a new wooden hunting manor in a village of Białowieża, which became the namesake for the whole complex. Since
2726:"The forest management operations concerning the Puszcza Białowieska Natura 2000 site that have been undertaken by Poland infringe EU law"
2101:
Jaroszewicz, Bogdan; Cholewińska, Olga; Gutowski, Jerzy M.; Samojlik, Tomasz; Zimny, Marcelina; Latałowa, Małgorzata (29 September 2019).
1970:
979:
and replaced by Soviet forest workers. In 1941 the forest was occupied by Germans and the Russian Soviet inhabitants were also expelled.
3257:
1128:
590:
584:
503:
369:
2725:
3252:
3242:
2145:
1650:
623:
and other indigenous animals may be viewed in enclosures of their natural habitat. A new attraction there is a New Year's museum with
1940:
1797:
3247:
2439:
2085:
1537:
954:(where the bison was to become extinct just a few years later). These animals were of the slightly different Caucasian subspecies (
2673:
2375:
2759:
2322:
1213:
440:
3212:
1542:
1292:
1063:
and congratulated him. According to Ochab, he was unhappy with the decision as he was counting on the entire Białowieża Forest.
1083:
492:
354:
3272:
2223:
2040:
1059:
called and informed Ochab by phone that Stalin had agreed to transfer half of the forest to Poland including the village of
917:
523:
517:
358:
1238:
river. Today the trunk is totally devoid of bark and some of the branches have broken off and lie at the base of the trunk.
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692:
in 1426. The first recorded piece of legislation on the protection of the forest dates to 1538, when a document issued by
2292:
3068:
3055:
828:
visited the forest in 1860 and decided to re-establish the protection of bison. Following his orders, locals killed all
396:
2808:
1830:
1617:
3237:
3227:
1308:
983:
planned to create the largest hunting reserve in the world there. After July 1941 the forest became a refuge for both
1698:
1672:
1512:. The book describes the experience of a Jewish family that fled into the forest during the Nazi occupation in 1942.
2055:
1109:
3232:
3086:
1547:
2260:"Stanowisko ZSRR wobec ksztaltu terytorialnego i oblicza politycznego Polski w latach 1944-1945: w swietle zrodel"
2221:
Blood, Philip W. (3 August 2010). "Securing Hitler's Lebensraum: The Luftwaffe and Bialowieza Forest, 1942–1944".
1173:. Circumference 610 cm (240 in), height 40 m (130 ft). The tree shows no clear signs of dying.
1098:
3106:
1889:
1364:
1141:
2408:
1220:(Bitwa Pod Grunwaldem) in 1410, although the tree is believed to have been only 450 years old when it blew down.
1066:
The Soviet part was put under public administration while Poland reopened the Białowieża National Park in 1947.
431:, which is located in the middle of the forest and was probably one of the first human settlements in the area.
3163:
1336:
1157:
1052:
452:
309:
1854:
1447:
to spread awareness of the Białowieża Forest and the logging threatening it. Kowalik decided to use the game
891:
3116:
1304:
1270:
867:
444:
104:
2487:
594:
1556:
965:
825:
740:
2962:
932:
1405:
1288:
815:
791:
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with an area of 1,771 km (684 sq mi). The core, strictly protected, area covers 38%, the
174:
1993:"Peaceful out of season time... « Białowieża Forest guide – Arek Szymura "Pygmy owl" Nature tours"
1992:
1280:
770:
2522:
2211:(Polish: The Forests of Białowieża). Monografje Naukowe 1. Warszawa: Państwowa Rada Ochrony Przyrody.
1918:
1870:
1421:
1328:
1275:
798:
779:
547:
2550:"'My worst nightmares are coming true': last major primeval forest in Europe on 'brink of collapse'"
1055:
and waited for news from the Soviet government. After a half an hour or so, Soviet Foreign Minister
878:
645:
3126:
3037:
2972:
2928:
1759:
1562:
1409:
1284:
717:
693:
572:
456:
386:
285:
277:
62:
2955:
2892:
2778:"Minecraft marketing: how Ogilvy & Greenpeace tapped gamer platforms to combat deforestation"
2581:
2240:
1492:
Poland to learn about her family history and discovers secrets of the primeval Białowieża Forest.
1217:
1056:
3095:
2840:"How Greenpeace Used Minecraft to Stop Illegal Logging in Europe's Last Lowland Primeval Forest"
2766:, from the official website of Aleksandra Pakhmutova, with copyrighted lyrics and a MIDI sample.
1208:
1962:
1303:
is threatening the flora and fauna in the forest, including species of rare birds, such as the
534:), with an area of about 105 km (41 sq mi). There is also the Białowieża Glade (
3130:
3073:
2124:
2081:
2036:
1532:
1473:
of his youth. Kowalik contacted Danish company GeoBoxers, who had previously recreated all of
1470:
1383:
In 2009, the Ecological Education Centre was built in the Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park.
1266:
1079:
991:
and Nazi authorities organised mass executions. A few graves of people who were killed by the
980:
936:
819:
2022:
2232:
2114:
1963:"Pygmy owl whistling « Białowieża Forest guide – Arek Szymura "Pygmy owl" Nature tours"
1640:
1583:
1574:
1568:
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1287:
argued that the unique nature of the primeval forest demands a lighter style of management.
1245:
988:
956:
951:
856:
802:
634:
474:
86:
1786:
1060:
913:
684:
forest in the 14th century. In the 15th century the forest became a property of Grand Duke
560:
428:
3081:
2763:
2059:
2032:
1932:
1896:
1877:
1858:
1509:
1227:
1044:
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535:
527:
436:
342:
48:
1339:
2669:
2351:
3063:
2994:
2967:
2756:
1933:"Birds rarities « Białowieża Forest guide – Arek Szymura "Pygmy owl" Nature tours"
1516:
1235:
1036:
947:
940:
871:
774:
Part of primaeval forest with dead 450-year-old oak in Białowieża National Park, Poland
608:
448:
416:
390:
350:
346:
751:). The document freed all serfs living in the forest in exchange for their service as
3206:
2244:
1578:
1367:
to halt the logging activities. The final verdict fell on 17 April 2018, ruling that
1279:. Traditional forest management would remove the dead wood, as a fire risk. In 2011,
1136:
996:
408:
182:
2582:"Scars of the Primeval Forest – What Really Happened in the Oldest Forest of Europe"
935:
in 1921, the core of the forest was declared a National Reserve. In 1923, Professor
720:
on the Belarusian side, built of red brick, is also referred to as the White Tower (
2642:
2554:
2517:
2380:
1458:
1429:
1086:, were signed at a meeting in the Belarusian part of the reserve by the leaders of
1028:
1020:
976:
551:
439:. The name stems from the white wooden hunting-manor established in the village by
404:
186:
2897:
822:
of 1830–31, and their posts were abolished, leading to a breakdown of protection.
412:
3158:
Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
3122:
Tarnowskie Góry Lead-Silver-Zinc Mine and its Underground Water Management System
3006:
3111:
2887:
1552:
1440:
1343:
1319:
1048:
909:
900:
671:
coat of arms on Pre-Stamped Envelope of the Belarus, 2009: 600th Anniversary of
654:
393:
200:
1577:, an ancient forest that stretched across Western Central Europe, mentioned by
1453:, as he wanted to capitalize on its playerbase of 87 million. Kowalik reasoned
3100:
2984:
1497:
1444:
1360:
1332:
1312:
1152:
1140:), some of which are individually named. Trunk circumferences are measured at
964:, were descendants of a pair from the forest given to the Duke of Pszczyna by
630:
604:
2128:
451:
who enjoyed going on hunting trips in the forest, which was then part of the
231:
218:
1449:
1387:
1253:
1005:
984:
925:
833:
829:
625:
616:
555:
400:
1822:
1609:
1120:
3091:
the Mannerist Architectural and Park Landscape Complex and Pilgrimage Park
1039:. In addition, Poland had its forests decimated by the Germans during the
507:
Approximate range of the Białowieża Primeval Forest in Poland and Belarus.
2611:
2376:"Poland's environmentalists fight foresters for heart of primeval forest"
2236:
2052:
1852:"Belovezhskaya Pushcha/Białowieża Forest" at the UNESCO official webpage.
1413:
1323:
1001:
961:
921:
806:
697:
689:
1725:"Биосферный резерват "Беловежская пуща" обрел современную территориаль…"
473:), although both the Belarusian authorities and UNESCO use the official
2932:
2809:"How Minecraft helped save one of the world's biggest primeval forests"
2482:
2103:"Białowieża Forest—A Relic of the High Naturalness of European Forests"
1645:
1474:
1462:
1300:
1087:
992:
905:
810:
787:
685:
338:
190:
17:
2876:
2513:"Poland approves large-scale logging in Europe's last primeval forest"
2119:
2102:
1379:
1269:– with half the 12,000 species depend on decaying logs, including the
522:
On the Polish side, part of the Białowieża Forest is protected as the
341:. It is one of the last and the largest remaining part of the immense
2948:
1368:
1352:
383:
334:
204:
178:
2871:
1851:
298:
728:) even though it was never white, perhaps taking the name from the
1386:
1378:
1348:
1119:
1108:
1097:
1032:
877:
866:
769:
659:
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612:
502:
1506:
Into the Forest: A Holocaust Story of Survival, Triumph, and Love
1134:
The forest contains a number of large, ancient pedunculate oaks (
688:. A wooden manor in Białowieża became his refuge during a plague
2478:"Polish minister approves tripling of logging in ancient forest"
1043:
and finally, the forest was Poland's raw material basin for the
845:
841:
837:
543:
427:
The Białowieża Forest takes its name from the Polish village of
3010:
2901:
3142:
Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine
2323:"USSR's death blow was struck 30 years ago in a hunting lodge"
1419:
Białowieża Forest is mentioned throughout Alan Weisman's book
783:
2638:"EU court orders Poland to stop logging in Białowieża forest"
554:
with local ornithologists, the chance to observe rare birds,
3059:
German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940–1945)
2024:
European Bison (Bison Bonasus): Current State of the Species
1443:
at the Polish advertising firm Ogilvy, decided to work with
2696:"Białowieza: destructive logging in Polish Primeval Forest"
786:
production. The villages were populated with settlers from
1755:"21 World Heritage Sites you have probably never heard of"
1501:(1906). It is the birthplace of protagonist Jurgis Rudkus.
1495:
The forest is mentioned in Upton Sinclair's seminal novel
995:
can still be seen in the forest. (Hermann Göring directed
848:, elk and other animals imported from around the empire.
2731:. Court of Justice of the European Union. 17 April 2018.
2440:"Logging spells danger for Europe's last primeval forest"
1008:
troops demolished the historic Białowieża hunting manor.
411:
in Belarus, and is 62 kilometres (39 miles) southeast of
1699:"Biosphere Reserve Information – Belovezhskaya Puschcha"
2961:
Architectural, Residential and Cultural Complex of the
1787:"Decision 38 COM 8B.12 of the World Heritage Committee"
1610:"UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Decision – 38COM 8B.12"
971:
In 1939 the local inhabitants of Polish ethnicity were
589:
On the Belarusian side, the forest is protected as the
2507:
2505:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
1504:
The forest is a key focus in the 2021 nonfiction book
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2467:
2465:
2352:
http://npbp.brest.by/ru/marshrut-bolshoe-puteshestvie
1909:
1907:
1905:
1363:
parts of the forest, as well as a court order of the
747:
Ordynacja Puszczy J.K. Mości leśnictwa Białowieskiego
2608:"UNESCO urges Poland to stop logging ancient forest"
2178:(French: Vegetation of Białowieża Forest). Varsovie.
1641:"Climate change clouds fate of ancient Polish woods"
3150:
3048:
2409:"The Last Stand? Rallying Behind a Primeval Forest"
716:translates as the "forest of the white tower". The
316:
304:
294:
284:
275:
271:
263:
255:
247:
210:
196:
170:
34:
1315:, most which is sold locally, mainly as firewood.
1396:The forest is the subject of a Belarusian ballad
542:), with a complex of buildings once owned by the
2080:. New York: Ballantine Books. pp. 180–181.
1439:In late 2017, Wojtek Voiteque Kowalik, a senior
1068:
895:specimen collected in Białowieża Forest in 2015.
730:
722:
673:
665:
649:Map of the forest's location between the rivers
598:
468:
461:
373:
333:is a large forest complex on the border between
70:
54:
1515:The forest is the setting of author-translator
415:, Poland and 70 kilometres (43 miles) north of
267:Ministries of Environment of Poland and Belarus
2191:(Polish: The Biological Structure of Forest).
1880:– Official Website of the Republic of Belarus.
1488:Werewolf: The Apocalypse – Heart of the Forest
607:include laboratory facilities and a zoo where
3022:
2913:
2893:BBC radio documentary about the forest (2002)
1398:
1144:, 130 cm (51 in) above the ground.
743:issued the "Białowieża royal forest decree" (
710:
486:
479:
93:
78:
8:
2476:Anna Koper; Marcin Goettig (25 March 2016).
1673:"Biosphere Reserve Information – Bialowieza"
761:
753:
745:
702:
579:Belavezhskaya Pushcha National Park, Belarus
565:
362:
40:
2053:The story of the White Tower of Kamyanyets.
863:20th-century wartime damage and restoration
708:means the "white tower", the corresponding
3029:
3015:
3007:
2920:
2906:
2898:
2438:Agence France-Presse (12 September 2010).
1469:communities dedicated to the game and the
353:, Europe's heaviest land animal. UNESCO's
31:
3172:Białowieża Forest / Belovezhskaya Pushcha
3137:Wooden churches of Southern Lesser Poland
2118:
1899:– Belarusian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
1639:Baczynska, Gabriela (28 September 2008).
251:3,085.8 km (1,191.4 sq mi)
153:
128:
1485:The action of a role-playing video game
1322:, Poland's Environment Minister, former
885:
3103:Prehistoric Striped Flint Mining Region
3064:Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork
2407:Rudolf, John Collins (12 August 2010).
2176:La végétation de la Foret de Białowieża
1600:
1391:Białowieża National Park Visitor Centre
1025:Polish Committee of National Liberation
1011:After the war, the forest's territory
611:(reintroduced into the park in 1929),
349:. The forest is home to more than 800
2838:Natividad, Angela (22 January 2018).
2265:(in Polish). Muzeum Historii Polski.
2140:
2138:
2003:from the original on 16 December 2013
1973:from the original on 19 February 2014
1943:from the original on 19 February 2014
1833:from the original on 13 February 2020
1803:from the original on 25 November 2019
1705:from the original on 21 February 2016
1679:from the original on 25 February 2017
1620:from the original on 13 February 2020
1432:devotes several chapters of his book
315:
303:
293:
283:
274:
7:
1917:. pttk.bialowieza.pl. Archived from
1823:"Białowieża Forest, Belarus, Poland"
1767:from the original on 3 December 2015
1571:, the largest bison (wisent) habitat
1412:, performed by Belarusian folk band
169:
109:Fallen tree in the Białowieża Forest
3293:Tourist attractions in Brest Region
3283:Protected areas established in 1932
2944:Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park
2776:Deighton, Katie (21 January 2018).
2738:from the original on 23 August 2018
2706:from the original on 23 August 2018
2676:from the original on 23 August 2018
2650:from the original on 24 August 2017
2618:from the original on 25 August 2017
2588:from the original on 23 August 2018
2562:from the original on 24 August 2017
1871:Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park
1653:from the original on 27 August 2009
1129:Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park
882:Royal Oaks Trail, Białowieża Forest
591:Belavezhskaya Pushcha National Park
585:Belavezhskaya Pushcha National Park
3263:Geography of Podlaskie Voivodeship
2529:from the original on 26 March 2016
2450:from the original on 5 August 2017
2419:from the original on 5 August 2017
2374:Damian Carrington (6 April 2011).
2303:from the original on 17 April 2024
946:In 1923 it was known that only 54
25:
2888:Trees of Białowieża National Park
2807:McKeand, Kirk (26 January 2018).
2388:from the original on 7 April 2016
2272:from the original on 18 July 2023
1538:List of national parks of Belarus
696:instituted the death penalty for
2987:
2670:"C-441/17 - Commission v Poland"
2548:Christian Davies (23 May 2017).
2333:from the original on 19 May 2024
2156:from the original on 24 May 2024
1543:List of national parks of Poland
1482:that took six weeks to complete.
1461:, drawing parallels between the
1436:(1995) to the Białowieża Forest.
1127:, one of the oldest oaks in the
512:Białowieża National Park, Poland
403:historical region in Poland and
152:
145:
127:
120:
103:
3298:World Heritage Sites in Belarus
3112:Muskauer Park / Park Mużakowski
2850:from the original on 3 May 2018
2819:from the original on 3 May 2018
2788:from the original on 3 May 2018
1555:, a primeval forest in Europe (
767:) with a centre in Białowieża.
493:dissolution of the Soviet Union
355:Man and the Biosphere Programme
345:that once stretched across the
254:
195:
3308:Central European mixed forests
3303:World Heritage Sites in Poland
3278:Parks in Podlaskie Voivodeship
3190:shared with 17 other countries
2224:Holocaust and Genocide Studies
1608:UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
1565:, the largest forest in Europe
939:, a pioneer of the science of
794:and many of them still exist.
1:
3288:1932 establishments in Poland
3268:Transboundary protected areas
3218:Biosphere reserves of Belarus
1731:. 24 May 2015. Archived from
1216:rested beneath it before the
3223:Biosphere reserves of Poland
1521:The Extinction of Irena Rey.
397:Special Area of Conservation
27:Forest in Poland and Belarus
2976:(with nine other countries)
2146:"Białowieski Park Narodowy"
1915:"PTTK Bialowieza: About us"
1861:Retrieved 28 November 2012.
1309:European spruce bark beetle
1299:Environmentalists say that
1189:The Guardian of Zwierzyniec
571:means "the white tower" in
368:in 1976 and the Belarusian
3324:
3258:Geography of Grodno Region
2189:Biologiczna struktura lasu
1548:List of old-growth forests
582:
515:
278:UNESCO World Heritage Site
3253:Geography of Brest Region
3243:National parks of Belarus
3180:
3082:Historic Centre of Warsaw
2982:
2939:
2646:. Reuters. 28 July 2017.
2291:UNEP-WCMC (22 May 2017).
2035:Council of Europe, 2004.
1365:European Court of Justice
1249:
1084:dissolve the Soviet Union
532:Białowieski Park Narodowy
487:
469:
324:
114:
102:
79:
55:
39:
3248:National parks of Poland
3164:Bieszczady National Park
3096:Krakow's Historic Centre
3069:Centennial Hall, Wrocław
2877:Białowieża National Park
2872:The UNESCO official site
2297:World Heritage Datasheet
2058:12 February 2012 at the
1053:Union of Polish Patriots
957:Bison bonasus caucasicus
563:lies within the forest.
524:Białowieża National Park
518:Białowieża National Park
453:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
2757:"Belovezhskaya Pushcha"
2078:Nicholas and Alexandria
2076:Massie, Robert (1967).
2062:Belavezhskaya Pushcha.
1895:2 November 2013 at the
1305:white-backed woodpecker
1158:The Bourgeois Gentleman
1015:between Poland and the
975:to remote areas of the
892:Stephanopachys linearis
491:) from before the 1991
459:name for the forest is
445:Grand Duke of Lithuania
435:means "White Tower" in
3107:Medieval Town of Toruń
1857:21 August 2020 at the
1557:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1404:, composed in 1975 by
1399:
1392:
1384:
1231:
1165:The King of Nieznanowo
1131:
1117:
1106:
1103:The King of Nieznanowo
1090:, Russia and Belarus.
1078:In December 1991, the
1069:
1023:. The chairman of the
896:
883:
875:
775:
762:
754:
746:
731:
723:
711:
703:
680:
674:
666:
657:
599:
566:
539:
531:
508:
480:
462:
374:
363:
357:designated the Polish
94:
71:
41:
3273:Natura 2000 in Poland
3087:Kalwaria Zebrzydowska
3077:in Jawor and Świdnica
2884:(archived 6 May 2008)
2762:12 April 2021 at the
1890:Belovezhskaya pushcha
1406:Aleksandra Pakhmutova
1400:Belovezhskaya Pushcha
1390:
1382:
1214:Władysław II Jagiełło
1123:
1112:
1101:
1070:Belovezhskaya Pushcha
889:
881:
870:
773:
675:Belovezhskaya Pushcha
667:Belovezhskaya Pushcha
663:
648:
615:(a semi-wild horse),
600:Belovezhskaya pushcha
595:zone of regulated use
546:of Russia during the
506:
481:Belovezhskaya pushcha
441:Władysław II Jagiełło
175:Podlaskie Voivodeship
95:Belovezhskaya pushcha
3038:World Heritage Sites
2929:World Heritage Sites
2882:Oaks from Bialowieza
2523:Agence France-Presse
2258:Sudzinski, Ryszard.
1921:on 22 November 2009.
1434:Landscape and Memory
1422:The World Without Us
1371:has been infringed.
1293:Environment Minister
1276:Cucujus cinnaberinus
1177:Emperor of the North
1171:Emperor of the South
1114:Emperor of the South
1041:occupation of Poland
928:had also been shot.
874:in Białowieża Forest
799:Partitions of Poland
780:King John II Casimir
548:Partitions of Poland
463:Biełaviežskaja pušča
72:Biełaviežskaja pušča
3193:shared with Belarus
3187:shared with Ukraine
3184:shared with Germany
2973:Struve Geodetic Arc
2329:. 8 December 2021.
2293:"BIAŁOWIEŻA FOREST"
2231:(2): 261–262, 266.
2031:14 May 2016 at the
1997:bialowiezaforest.eu
1967:bialowiezaforest.eu
1937:bialowiezaforest.eu
1876:25 May 2020 at the
1763:. 4 February 2016.
1760:The Daily Telegraph
1563:Virgin Komi Forests
1410:Nikolai Dobronravov
778:Until the reign of
718:Tower of Kamyenyets
712:Puszcza Białowieska
387:World Heritage Site
375:Biełavieskaja pušča
264:Governing body
228: /
161:Show map of Belarus
42:Puszcza Białowieska
3238:Old-growth forests
3228:Forests of Belarus
3117:Old City of Zamość
3056:Auschwitz-Birkenau
2956:Mir Castle Complex
2237:10.1093/hgs/dcq024
2207:Paczoski J. 1930.
2187:Paczoski J. 1928.
2174:Paczoski J. 1928.
1827:UNESCO/WHC website
1428:British historian
1393:
1385:
1375:In popular culture
1318:On 25 March 2016,
1289:Andrzej Kraszewski
1218:Battle of Grunwald
1132:
1118:
1107:
1082:, the decision to
1057:Vyacheslav Molotov
897:
884:
876:
814:However, in 1801,
776:
741:King Vladislaus IV
681:
658:
540:Polana Białowieska
509:
136:Show map of Poland
3233:Forests of Poland
3213:Białowieża Forest
3200:
3199:
3074:Churches of Peace
3004:
3003:
2702:. 19 April 2018.
2525:. 26 March 2016.
2120:10.3390/f10100849
1533:Tourism in Poland
1445:Greenpeace Poland
1408:, with lyrics by
1224:Tsar Oak (Polish)
1080:Belavezha Accords
966:Tsar Alexander II
933:Polish–Soviet War
826:Tsar Alexander II
820:November Uprising
499:Nature protection
470:Белавежская пушча
370:Biosphere Reserve
359:Biosphere Reserve
331:Białowieża Forest
328:
327:
232:52.750°N 23.983°E
197:Nearest city
98:
76:
56:Белавежская пушча
35:Białowieża Forest
16:(Redirected from
3315:
3166:
3133:Royal Salt Mines
3092:
3078:
3060:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3008:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2977:
2966:
2963:Radziwiłł Family
2952:
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2915:
2908:
2899:
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2567:
2545:
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2534:
2509:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2486:. Archived from
2473:
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2455:
2435:
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2165:
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2142:
2133:
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2098:
2092:
2091:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2050:
2044:
2021:Zdzisław Pucek,
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1911:
1900:
1887:
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1636:
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1625:
1605:
1584:De Bello Gallico
1575:Hercynian Forest
1569:Western Caucasus
1402:
1281:Zdzisław Szkiruć
1251:
1072:
989:Soviet partisans
952:Western Caucasus
857:Czar Nicholas II
816:Tsar Alexander I
765:
757:
749:
734:
726:
714:
706:
677:
669:
635:Father Christmas
603:headquarters at
602:
569:
490:
489:
488:Беловежская пуща
483:
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366:
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80:Беловежская пуща
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52:
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32:
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2791:
2789:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2764:Wayback Machine
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2741:
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2735:
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2719:
2709:
2707:
2694:
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2677:
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2663:
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2651:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2614:. 6 July 2017.
2606:
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2601:
2591:
2589:
2580:
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2493:
2491:
2490:on 7 April 2016
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2209:Lasy Białowieży
2206:
2202:
2186:
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2169:
2159:
2157:
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2136:
2100:
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2060:Wayback Machine
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2033:Wayback Machine
2020:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1976:
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1961:
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1946:
1944:
1931:
1930:
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1897:Wayback Machine
1888:
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1878:Wayback Machine
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1859:Wayback Machine
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1607:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1529:
1510:Rebecca Frankel
1377:
1329:Robert Cyglicki
1271:near-threatened
1267:managed forests
1263:
1149:Great Mamamuszi
1096:
1045:timber industry
908:were built, in
865:
853:Russian royalty
805:turned all the
643:
633:counterpart of
587:
581:
520:
514:
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425:
351:European bisons
343:primeval forest
280:
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2995:Belarus portal
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2866:External links
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2700:BIQdata/EDJNet
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2014:
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1794:whc.unesco.org
1778:
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1735:on 24 May 2015
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1519:'s 2024 novel
1517:Jennifer Croft
1513:
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1457:was a form of
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1337:Prime Minister
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1183:Southern Cross
1180:
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1092:
1037:tsarist regime
1017:Belarusian SSR
1004:. Withdrawing
981:Hermann Göring
948:European bison
941:phytosociology
937:Józef Paczoski
864:
861:
679:reserve status
642:
639:
609:European bison
583:Main article:
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516:Main article:
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449:King of Poland
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409:Grodno Oblasts
347:European Plain
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1285:Janusz Korbel
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1242:Patriarch Oak
1240:
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1201:Dominator Oak
1199:
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1142:breast height
1139:
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1137:Quercus robur
1130:
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1125:Patriarch Oak
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455:. The modern
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2843:
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2790:. Retrieved
2781:
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2720:
2708:. Retrieved
2699:
2690:
2678:. Retrieved
2664:
2652:. Retrieved
2643:The Guardian
2641:
2632:
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2602:
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2576:
2564:. Retrieved
2555:The Guardian
2553:
2543:
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2518:The Guardian
2516:
2492:. Retrieved
2488:the original
2481:
2452:. Retrieved
2443:
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2412:
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2381:The Guardian
2379:
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2326:
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2253:
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2203:
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2158:. Retrieved
2149:
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2096:
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2071:
2064:(in Russian)
2048:
2023:
2017:
2005:. Retrieved
1996:
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1975:. Retrieved
1966:
1957:
1945:. Retrieved
1936:
1927:
1919:the original
1885:
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1847:
1835:. Retrieved
1826:
1817:
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1793:
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1769:. Retrieved
1758:
1749:
1737:. Retrieved
1733:the original
1728:
1719:
1707:. Retrieved
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1667:
1657:28 September
1655:. Retrieved
1644:
1634:
1622:. Retrieved
1613:
1603:
1582:
1520:
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1496:
1486:
1478:
1459:social media
1454:
1448:
1433:
1430:Simon Schama
1420:
1397:
1357:
1340:Beata Szydło
1317:
1298:
1274:
1264:
1250:Патриарх-Дуб
1241:
1223:
1209:Jagiełło Oak
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1156:
1148:
1135:
1133:
1124:
1113:
1102:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1029:Edward Ochab
1021:Soviet Union
1010:
977:Soviet Union
970:
955:
945:
930:
906:lumber mills
898:
890:
850:
824:
796:
777:
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738:
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724:Belaya Vezha
721:
709:
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682:
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664:
624:
621:Eurasian elk
588:
564:
552:birdwatching
521:
478:
460:
432:
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381:
372:
361:
330:
329:
69:
29:
2584:. BIQDATA.
2444:Terra Daily
2113:(10): 849.
1807:26 December
1441:copy editor
1344:Natura 2000
1320:Jan Szyszko
1291:, Poland's
1236:Leśna Prawa
1013:was divided
901:World War I
803:Tsar Paul I
694:Sigismund I
631:East Slavic
394:Natura 2000
305:Inscription
256:Established
235: /
211:Coordinates
3207:Categories
3101:Krzemionki
2413:Green Blog
2150:bpn.com.pl
2041:9287155496
2007:22 January
1977:22 January
1947:22 January
1614:unesco.org
1596:References
1498:The Jungle
1361:old-growth
1333:Greenpeace
1331:, head of
1313:board feet
1195:Barrel Oak
1094:Named oaks
1061:Białowieża
931:After the
914:Białowieża
797:After the
704:Białowieża
605:Kamieniuki
573:Old Polish
567:Białowieża
561:Białowieża
457:Belarusian
447:and later
433:Białowieża
429:Białowieża
364:Białowieża
320:1992, 2014
317:Extensions
308:1979 (3rd
63:Belarusian
3127:Wieliczka
2742:23 August
2710:23 August
2680:23 August
2654:24 August
2622:24 August
2592:23 August
2566:24 August
2245:144825154
2198::193-221.
2129:1999-4907
1479:Minecraft
1455:Minecraft
1450:Minecraft
1327:beetle".
1254:Ded Moroz
1006:Wehrmacht
968:in 1865.
926:wild boar
859:in 1912.
851:The last
830:predators
807:foresters
792:Podlaskie
755:osocznicy
626:Ded Moroz
617:wild boar
556:pygmy owl
413:Białystok
401:Podlachia
379:in 1993.
295:Reference
189:oblasts,
3049:Cultural
2848:Archived
2817:Archived
2786:Archived
2782:The Drum
2760:Archived
2733:Archived
2704:Archived
2674:Archived
2648:Archived
2616:Archived
2612:EURACTIV
2586:Archived
2560:Archived
2533:26 March
2527:Archived
2494:26 March
2454:5 August
2448:Archived
2423:5 August
2417:Archived
2392:26 March
2386:Archived
2331:Archived
2301:Archived
2267:Archived
2154:Archived
2056:Archived
2029:Archived
2001:Archived
1971:Archived
1941:Archived
1893:Archived
1874:Archived
1855:Archived
1831:Archived
1798:Archived
1765:Archived
1729:brest.by
1703:Archived
1677:Archived
1651:Archived
1618:Archived
1553:Perućica
1527:See also
1414:Pesniary
1324:forester
1049:Hajnówka
1002:Red Army
973:deported
962:Pszczyna
922:poachers
910:Hajnówka
698:poaching
690:pandemic
286:Criteria
201:Hajnówka
171:Location
3151:Natural
3131:Bochnia
2968:Nesvizh
2933:Belarus
2483:Reuters
2327:AP News
2276:11 July
2107:Forests
1771:4 April
1739:2 April
1646:Reuters
1475:Denmark
1463:YouTube
1301:logging
1273:beetle
1261:Logging
1246:Russian
1232:Dąb Car
1153:Molière
1088:Ukraine
1019:of the
993:Gestapo
899:During
788:Masovia
732:pushcha
686:Jogaila
641:History
475:Russian
389:and an
339:Belarus
310:Session
223:23°59′E
220:52°45′N
191:Belarus
87:Russian
18:Dąb Car
3042:Poland
2949:Poland
2947:(with
2844:AdWeek
2337:19 May
2307:29 May
2243:
2193:Sylwan
2160:24 May
2127:
2084:
2039:
1837:27 May
1709:23 May
1683:23 May
1624:27 May
1467:Twitch
1369:EU law
1353:millet
1228:Polish
985:Polish
918:Gródek
834:wolves
763:straże
651:Naruva
536:Polish
528:Polish
443:, the
437:Polish
384:UNESCO
335:Poland
205:Poland
183:Grodno
179:Poland
83:
59:
49:Polish
45:
2854:2 May
2823:2 May
2792:2 May
2736:(PDF)
2729:(PDF)
2270:(PDF)
2263:(PDF)
2241:S2CID
1801:(PDF)
1790:(PDF)
1591:Notes
1349:wheat
1033:Kresy
872:Bison
838:bears
811:serfs
809:into
655:Bugas
629:(the
613:konik
544:tsars
477:name
417:Brest
405:Brest
187:Brest
3129:and
2856:2018
2825:2018
2794:2018
2744:2018
2712:2018
2682:2018
2656:2017
2624:2017
2594:2018
2568:2017
2535:2016
2496:2016
2456:2017
2425:2017
2394:2016
2339:2024
2309:2024
2278:2023
2162:2024
2125:ISSN
2082:ISBN
2037:ISBN
2009:2014
1979:2014
1949:2014
1839:2015
1809:2019
1773:2018
1741:2018
1711:2015
1685:2015
1659:2008
1626:2015
1465:and
1351:and
1207:The
987:and
916:and
846:deer
842:lynx
840:and
790:and
653:and
423:Name
407:and
337:and
248:Area
185:and
3040:in
2931:in
2233:doi
2115:doi
1581:in
1508:by
1477:in
1155:'s
1116:oak
1105:oak
1047:in
784:tar
637:).
3209::
3089::
2965:at
2846:.
2842:.
2815:.
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2464:^
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2358:^
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2239:.
2229:24
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2137:^
2123:.
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2105:.
1999:.
1995:.
1969:.
1965:.
1939:.
1935:.
1904:^
1829:.
1825:.
1796:.
1792:.
1757:.
1727:.
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1675:.
1649:.
1643:.
1616:.
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1355:.
1248::
1230::
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912:,
836:,
832::
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619:,
575:.
538::
530::
495:.
391:EU
299:33
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177:,
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2164:.
2131:.
2117::
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2011:.
1981:.
1951:.
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1416:.
1256:.
1244:(
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526:(
485:(
467:(
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89:)
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61:(
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47:(
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