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history of the merchant navy." The plant was assembled and beginning in
February 1979, Jari produced 750 tons of cellulose per day. Losses of $ 1 billion and mounting criticism of his business practices led Ludwig to sell out to Brazilian investors in 1981. He had pushed for more cooperation from the government, and announced failing health as a reason to sell his interests.
235:. His grandfather, John G. Ludwig (1842–1920), was one of seven brothers in a family of 13, most of them born in Pennsylvania. Four of Daniel's granduncles made their living as captains of Great Lakes vessels. His grandfather's brother, Lancaster Columbus Ludwig (1855–1954), served as a captain on a passage steamer from South Haven to Chicago for many decades.
441:, with US backing, and US investment was encouraged by the conservative Brazilian generals in power. In 1967, he purchased about 4 million acres (1.6 million ha) of land in Brazil on the north bank of the river in the northeast interior for $ 3 million. He planned to construct a pulp paper factory, known as the
502:
Beginning in 1971, Ludwig sold off many of his foreign interests, using the funds to endow the Ludwig
Institute for Cancer Research, which he founded in Switzerland. It became his primary interest in his later years. Since his death in 1992, it has distributed over a billion dollars around the world
242:
to live with his grandfather John G. Ludwig. Florabelle Ludwig was left alone in South Haven without any means of support. She remarried Daniel Robert Martin in
Vancouver, British Columbia in 1915 and resided in the state of Washington the rest of her life. Daniel Sr. moved to Virginia and remarried
456:
Ludwig planned a massive pulp paper project, and cleared land to plant two varieties of trees to be harvested for paper. He had a 26-mile railroad constructed, as well as 3,000 miles of trails and roads; the settlements had 30,000 inhabitants by early 1982. To feed all the workers, he raised cattle
549:
Believing
Patricia might at some later time try to challenge the terms of his will and claim part of his estate, Daniel Ludwig had blood samples frozen in the 1970s that could be used for genetic testing if ever necessary. Patricia Ludwig did file a lawsuit in the 1990s after his death, but DNA
468:
Ultimately his agricultural ventures on that land were not successful. Neither the rice nor one variety of trees took well to the region's soil. But in 1978 he had a plant shipped by sea in two parts from where it was fabricated in Japan: these were "two behemoths 70 meters high, unique in the
214:
Though he was one of the wealthiest tycoons of his day, with operations spanning 23 countries, Ludwig remained completely obscure due to his reclusive lifestyle. He "avoided the press like the plague", keeping a low profile throughout his business career. He only gave one interview during his
545:
Ludwig married Gladys
Madeline Ludwig (1904–1978), in Florida on October 29, 1928. She gave birth to her daughter Patricia Margaret born on October 8, 1936. Estranged from his wife, Ludwig did not acknowledge the girl as his daughter. The couple divorced in April 1937.
246:
Ludwig's first venture into shipping was at the age of nine, when he salvaged a 26-foot (8 m) boat. He left school at the end of eighth grade to work in various shipping-related jobs on Lake
Michigan and in Texas, directly learning such trades as
42:
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analysis proved Ludwig was not her father, and the case was dismissed. Katherine Jones, Patricia's aunt, claimed that everyone in the family thought that
Patricia's father was James Sullivan, a sales rep who died in a car accident in 1939
302:, when there was huge demand for new ships. After the war, he had ships built in Japan, where labor costs were lower. His ships transported oil around the world; in the 1950s he pioneered the construction and use of the new oil
553:
Several months after his divorce, Ludwig married
Gertrude Virginia "Ginger" Higgins (January 13, 1897 – April 8, 1993), a widow with three children from a previous marriage. They lived in the penthouse at the
537:. By the terms of the grant, their directors and scientists are to work collaboratively with each other and with the Institute. In Canada Rodrigue Choquette, alias Roddy Choquette, was one of his finance advisor.
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489:
noted, machines neither strike nor go to the brothels of
Beiradao. The government cooperated in approving a hydropower project which Ludwig had sought, and even the slum was improved, as well as renamed to
255:, and ship handler. In Port Arthur, he sold supplies to sailing ships and steamers. He returned to Michigan to take a job at a marine engine plant, which sent him to the Pacific Northwest and Alaska.
329:
and exploration projects on nearly every continent: the
Americas, Africa, Australia and the Middle East. He created a chain of luxury hotels in Mexico, Bermuda and the Bahamas, and developed
341:
Ludwig built or bought an impressive collection of hotels. These were: the Hamilton Princess and Southampton Princess in Bermuda; the Bahamas Princess (formerly the King's Inn) and the
195:(June 24, 1897 – August 27, 1992) was an American shipping businessman, who was also involved in many other industries. He pioneered the construction of super tankers in Japan, founded
415:
failed to attract any bidders; the minimum asking price was $ 13.9 million. It was later purchased by Colombian businessman, Guillermo Cardenas P., and is still functioning to date.
373:
lagoon. As the rural area was largely uninhabited, Ludwig arranged for the necessary workers and materials to be transported there to build a large, new town in the municipality of
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trees planted, with full production expected by 1967. It was considered the largest privately owned venture of its kind in the world. Years later it was nationalized. The
286:
In the 1930s, he developed a novel approach to financing further expansion, by borrowing the construction cost of tankers and using pre-agreed charters as collateral. His
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became one of the largest American shipping companies, and he eventually owned about 60 vessels. In the 1940s, one of his shipyards in Virginia developed a method to use
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494:. Ludwig had the right vision about the need for paper, but was ahead of his time and too late in his life to see the project through to its current success.
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trees were planted that are better suited to the region. New Finnish machinery and technology has drastically reduced the required labor force and, as
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described Ludwig with his Jari project as ahead of his time. It reported that in the 21st century a Brazilian consortium bought the Jari complex.
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445:, as he projected a shortage of fiber on the world market in the coming decades (about which he was right). The site was downriver from American
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401:, in the interior of Panama to develop for citrus cultivation. He had all the land cleared and built roads and bridges. He had 800,000
134:, Citricos de Chiriqui, SA, United Pocahontas Coal Company, European-American Securities Inc., Southwest Savings and Loan Association,
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377:. Here, the saltworks were established by pumping the brine to the surface and allowing it to dry. In 1973, with rumors that the
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in Mexico and developed it as the largest salt company in the world, built a model community in association with the
946:"CO-OP 'Mansions' to be open soon; 5th Ave. Building Will Have Tenants This Month," by Sanka Knox, August 15, 1963,
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Under the terms of his will, Ludwig Centers were established in 2006 at six United States research institutions (
333:. At his peak, he owned more than 200 companies in 50 countries, and his fortune was estimated at $ 4.5 billion.
1113:
530:). To date, they have received US$ 900 million from the Virginia and Daniel K. Ludwig Fund for Cancer Research.
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Daniel Keith Ludwig was born in 1897 to Daniel Franklin Ludwig (1873–1960) and Florabelle Leslie (1876–1961) in
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The senior Daniel and his wife Florabelle separated when young Daniel was 15. Daniel Sr. took the youth to
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and planted 15,000 acres in rice. In order to develop this, he essentially built a planned community,
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848:"Ludwig Cancer Research bestows half billion in new funding to six eminent US research institutions"
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acquired the Xanadu Princess in 1973, and lived there for the last two years of his life.
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would nationalize the company, Ludwig sold his interest in Exportadora de Sal, SA to
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In 1966 Ludwig became attracted to ideas of development in the Amazonian Basin.
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385:. It owns 49%, with the Mexican government holding the controlling interest.
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626:"Reclusive super-rich people from Howard Hughes to the Barclay Brothers"
1116:, article includes photo of Capt. Lancaster Columbia Ludwig, DK's uncle
1032:, « Daniel Ludwig avait rêvé trop tard », first published in
692:, « Daniel Ludwig avait rêvé trop tard », first published in
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The Centers and the Ludwig Institute are now collectively known as
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Ludwig diversified into a wide range of holdings: an oil refinery,
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to produce pulp paper, and had numerous hotels around the world.
465:, arose haphazardly across the river from Ludwig's development.
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Isabel Rutherford. Daniel Sr. died in Manatee, Florida in 1960.
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369:, which became the "Largest Salt Company in the World", at the
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At 19, Ludwig established a freighter business by transporting
279:. There are rumors of his engaging in rum running during the
1114:
Morton Smerling, "Capt. Ludwig, 94, Is a Genuine Old Salt"
397:, Ludwig bought 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) of land in
1126:
17 May 1954 (DK's uncle Lancaster C. Ludwig, 1855-1954)
1109:
Obituary of Charles P. Ludwig, DK's uncle in Otsego, NY
991:
Dero A. Saunders., "The Wide Oceans of D. K. Ludwig,"
349:in San Francisco. The American millionaire recluse
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1009:November 30, 1978, p. 77), available on-line.
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868:"New Paths of Discovery: 2012 Research Highlights"
607:"Daniel Ludwig billionaire businessman dies at 95"
219:in 1957. Ludwig was #1 on the Forbes 400 in 1982.
215:lifetime, which he granted to Dero A. Saunders of
1071:, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research website.
998:"Ex-Wife sues Tycoon Ludwig for 10 million",
8:
902:Jean-Paul Gagné, Le Soleil, 10 juillet 1976
777:. Guinness Superlatives Ltd. p. 195.
182: 1937–1992)
162: 1928–1937)
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973:The Invisible Billionaire, Daniel Ludwig
857:, Ludwig Cancer Research, 6 January 2014
568:American Petroleum Transport Corporation
649:Ludwig's, "Obituary: Charles P. Ludwig"
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671:17 May 1954, accessed 24 November 2014
520:Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
1165:20th-century American philanthropists
912:"COURT CLIPS 'HEIR' CLAIM TO FORTUNE"
824:"Daniel Ludwig biography at the LICR"
765:
763:
516:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7:
1150:20th-century American businesspeople
1120:Obituary: Capt. L.C. Ludwig, Age 99"
665:Obituary: Capt. L.C. Ludwig, Age 99"
573:List of richest Americans in history
116:Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
102:Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
124:American-Hawaiian Steamship Company
1094:"Daniel Ludwig's Floating Factory"
393:In a $ 25 million 1960 project in
25:
1175:American people of German descent
1155:People from South Haven, Michigan
726:"The Legendary Howard Hughes Jr"
27:American businessman (1897–1992)
1075:Great American Business Leaders
1063:Ships built by Daniel K. Ludwig
1016:October 1985 (vol. V11, no. 3).
736:from the original on 2009-10-30
179:
159:
1170:People from Port Arthur, Texas
431:A brutal military dictatorship
1:
1036:, 17 July 2003, collected in
936:. New York Media, LLC: 26–27.
928:Davis, Ruth G. (1995-10-09).
775:Guinness Book of Records 1982
696:, 17 July 2003, collected in
337:Princess International Hotels
267:Ludwig's 1920 passport photo.
203:, which he pioneered, on the
128:Princess International Hotels
977:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
433:had toppled the progressive
411:reported that an auction of
331:Westlake Village, California
753:"Auction Fails in Panama,"
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298:, which saved time during
655:accessed 24 November 2014
325:. He invested in various
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1014:North American Heritage,
1005:"Twilight of a Tycoon" (
508:Johns Hopkins University
413:Citricos de Chiriqui, SA
389:Citricos de Chiriqui, SA
1086:New York Times Magazine
1000:San Francisco Chronicle
969:Shields, Jerry (1986).
367:Exportadora de Sal S.A.
259:Early business ventures
1104:Exportadora de Sal, SA
875:Ludwig Cancer Research
535:Ludwig Cancer Research
361:In 1954, on a trip to
357:Exportadora de Sal, SA
288:National Bulk Carriers
275:and lumber around the
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197:Exportadora de Sal, SA
132:Exportadora de Sal, SA
120:National Bulk Carriers
1160:American billionaires
528:University of Chicago
503:for cancer research.
343:Xanadu Princess Tower
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229:South Haven, Michigan
63:South Haven, Michigan
1124:South Haven Tribune,
669:South Haven Tribune,
112:Board member of
916:New York Daily News
524:Stanford University
363:Baja California Sur
231:, on the shores of
193:Daniel Keith Ludwig
82:Manhattan, New York
34:Daniel Keith Ludwig
1065:, t2tanker website
1042:éditions Gallimard
1002:, 27 January 1978.
884:on 28 October 2015
853:2014-01-07 at the
702:éditions Gallimard
653:Commercial Record,
612:The New York Times
512:Harvard University
435:Goulart government
379:Mexican Government
269:
240:Port Arthur, Texas
1038:Le rêve amazonien
1012:James R. Arnold,
934:New York Magazine
918:, 19 January 1996
698:Le rêve amazonien
365:, Ludwig founded
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16:(Redirected from
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217:Fortune Magazine
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149:Gladys M. Ludwig
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205:Amazon River
201:Jari project
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106:Jari project
76:(1992-08-27)
18:D. K. Ludwig
1145:1992 deaths
1140:1897 births
1027:(in French)
930:"Bad Blood"
714:(in French)
439:a 1964 coup
323:real estate
294:instead of
277:Great Lakes
1134:Categories
1080:Infoplease
834:2013-02-09
809:2013-02-09
740:2021-09-06
635:2021-07-05
579:References
479:Eucalyptus
461:. A slum,
451:Fordlandia
447:Henry Ford
383:Mitsubishi
90:Occupation
55:1897-06-24
1069:Biography
995:May 1957.
888:30 August
556:Park Cinq
319:insurance
249:machinist
223:Childhood
1088:obituary
1044:, 2004 (
1034:Le Monde
993:Fortune,
851:Archived
773:(1981).
734:Archived
730:webs.com
704:, 2004 (
694:Le Monde
562:See also
526:and the
487:Le Monde
474:Le Monde
463:Beiradao
296:riveting
273:molasses
963:English
311:banking
292:welding
184:
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139:Spouses
1090:, 1992
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514:, the
399:Dolega
395:Panama
375:Mulegé
327:mining
321:, and
209:Brazil
84:, U.S.
65:, U.S.
1007:Time,
882:(PDF)
871:(PDF)
178:(
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