438:
557:, Western Digital introduced OptiNAND, a New Flash-Enhanced HDD Architecture. It uses a new iNAND read/write cache system for performance. This feature is for when power is lost during a write phase, to prevent data loss. The System-on-a-Chip (SoC) of an OptiNAND drive, in under a second, will use the rotational power generated by the already spinning disk platter inside the drive to power internal capacitors until the iNAND cached data transfers to non-volatile NAND.
571:
tests found the SSHD to be between an HDD and SSD, but usually significantly slower than an SSD. In the case of uncached random access performance (multiple 4 KB random reads and writes) the SSHD was no faster than a comparable HDD; there is advantage only with data that is cached. The author concluded that the SSHD drive was the best non-SSD type of drive by a significant margin, and that the larger the solid-state cache, the better the performance.
199:
385:
50:
304:(SSDs) and hard disk drives. The fundamental design principle behind SSHDs is to identify data elements that are most directly associated with performance (frequently accessed data, boot data, etc.) and store these data elements in the NAND flash memory. This has been shown to be effective in delivering significantly improved performance over the standard HDD.
280:(SRT), which is implemented through a combination of certain Intel chipsets and Intel storage drivers, is the most common implementation of FCM hybrid systems today. What distinguished this dual-drive system from an SSHD system is that each drive maintains its ability to be addressed independently by the operating system if desired.
177:(HDD). The intent is adding some of the speed of SSDs to the cost-effective storage capacity of traditional HDDs. The purpose of the SSD in a hybrid drive is to act as a cache for the data stored on the HDD, improving the overall performance by keeping copies of the most frequently used data on the faster SSD drive.
307:
An example of an often confused dual-drive system being considered an SSHD is the use of laptops which combine separate SSD and HDD components into the same 2.5-inch HDD-size unit, while at the same time (unlike SSHDs) keeping these two components visible and accessible to the operating system as two
316:
In the two forms of hybrid storage technologies (dual-drive hybrid systems and SSHDs), the goal is to combine HDD and a faster technology (often NAND flash memory) to provide a balance of improved performance and high-capacity storage availability. In general, this is achieved by placing "hot data",
180:
There are two main configurations for implementing hybrid drives: dual-drive hybrid systems and solid-state hybrid drives. In dual-drive hybrid systems, physically separate SSD and HDD devices are installed in the same computer, having the data placement optimization performed either manually by the
570:
The 2011 benchmark included loading an image of a system that had been used heavily, running many applications, to bypass the performance advantage of a freshly-installed system; it found in real-world tests that performance was much closer to an SSD than to a mechanical HDD. Different benchmark
189:
through the creation of a "hybrid" logical device. In solid-state hybrid drives, SSD and HDD functionalities are built into a single piece of hardware, where data placement optimization is performed either entirely by the device (self-optimized mode), or through placement "hints" supplied by the
471:
introduced the first hybrid drives with the
Seagate Momentus PSD and Samsung SpinPoint MH80 products. Both models were 2.5-inch drives, featuring 128 MB or 256 MB NAND flash memory options. Seagate's Momentus PSD emphasized power efficiency for a better mobile experience and relied on
336:
In this mode of operation, the SSHD works independently from the host operating system or host device drives to make all decisions related to identifying data that will be stored in NAND flash memory. This mode results in a storage product that appears and operates to a host system exactly as a
308:
distinct partitions. WD's Black2 drive is a typical example; the drive can either be used as a distinct SSD and HDD by partitioning it appropriately, or software can be used to automatically manage the SSD portion and present the drive to the user as a single large volume.
566:
Late 2011 and early 2012 benchmarks using an SSHD consisting of a 750 GB HDD and 8 GB of NAND cache found that SSHDs did not offer SSD performance on random read/write and sequential read/write, but were faster than HDDs for application startup and shutdown.
516:
announced its first SSHD, delivering SSD-like performance and responsiveness by combining 8 GB of
Toshiba's own SLC NAND flash memory and innovative, self-learning algorithms with up to 1 TB of storage
913:
754:
491:. This product focused on delivering the combined benefits of hard drive capacity points with SSD-like performance. It shipped as a 500 GB HDD with 4 GB of integrated NAND flash memory.
354:
Some of the specific features of SSHD drives, such as the host-hinted mode, require software support from within the operating system. Microsoft added support for the host-hinted operation into
814:
320:
Making decisions about which data elements are prioritized for NAND flash memory is at the core of SSHD technology. Products offered by various vendors may achieve this with device
528:(WD) announced a hybrid technology platform pairing cost-effective MLC NAND flash memory with magnetic disks to deliver high-performance, large-capacity integrated storage systems.
2010:
Convention: Any item in this table that has the form of "A+B" or "A+B+C" indicates a disk format that spans multiple files, where A contains the bulk of the data, and B and C are
498:, Seagate introduced what they referred to as their second-generation SSHD, which increased the capacity to 750 GB and pushed the integrated NAND flash memory to 8 GB.
1234:
1196:
505:, Seagate introduced their third-generation laptop SSHDs with two models – a 500 GB and 1 TB, both with 8 GB of integrated NAND flash memory.
1760:
877:
218:
Dual-drive hybrid systems combine the usage of separate SSD and HDD devices installed in the same computer. Performance optimizations are managed in one of three ways:
902:
746:
343:
In this mode of operation, the SSHD enables an extended set of SATA commands defined in the so-called Hybrid
Information feature, introduced in version 3.2 of the
1146:
347:(SATA-IO) standards for the SATA interface. Using these SATA commands, decisions about which data elements are placed in the NAND flash memory come from the host
776:
1116:
1053:
673:
650:
233:, providing an easier experience to the end-user. Examples of hybrid volumes implementations in operating systems are ZFS' "hybrid storage pools",
1227:
909:
806:
836:
1798:
873:
344:
946:
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1220:
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1819:
424:
133:
725:
550:, TarDisk introduced the plug-and-play dual-drive hybrid system "TarDisk Pear", with flash memory size options up to 256 GB.
1192:
1031:
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406:
71:
114:
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67:
86:
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or data that is most directly associated with improved performance, on the "faster" part of the storage architecture.
93:
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296:(HDD), resulting in a single, integrated device. The term SSHD is a more precise term than the more general
1947:
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82:
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38:
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1054:"Seagate Point of View: Solid State Hybrid Drives – The Natural Evolution of Storage"
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844:
468:
166:
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1975:
1912:
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1193:"Seagate 2nd Generation Momentus XT (750 GB) Hybrid HDD Review (with 8 GB NAND cache)"
1985:
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By the computer user, who manually places more frequently accessed data onto the faster drive.
170:
300:, which has previously been used to describe SSHD devices and non-integrated combinations of
1897:
1408:
1299:
699:
445:
348:
292:(SSHD) refers to products that incorporate a significant amount of NAND flash memory into a
272:
SSD module) and HDD components, while managing performance optimizations via host software,
226:
186:
210:
or SSDs, with the HDD technology: dual-drive hybrid systems and solid-state hybrid drives.
1965:
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Hybrid-drive technology saw considerable advance over the decade beginning in 2007:
2011:
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585:
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487:, Seagate introduced a new hybrid product called the Momentus XT and used the term
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1957:
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351:, device drivers, file systems, or a combination of these host-level components.
264:
By chipsets external to the individual storage drives. An example is the use of
49:
1139:"This Leave-In SD Card Merges With Your MacBook's SSD to Increase Its Capacity"
1932:
1807:
1725:
1442:
1372:
1367:
1357:
747:"TarDisk Pear first look: Upgrade your MacBook flash storage in a few minutes"
617:
595:
536:
477:
246:
837:"WD Black2 Dual Drive 120GBSSD + 1TB HDD Gets Discounted, $ 60 Off Its Price"
1970:
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321:
238:
182:
163:
807:"SSDs vs. hard drives vs. hybrids: Which storage tech is right for you?"
698:. International Conference on Supercomputing (ICS '11). pp. 22–23.
696:"Hystor | Proceedings of the international conference on Supercomputing"
1492:
1430:
1384:
972:
513:
409: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1606:
1379:
777:"Hybrid Drives: Integrating Hard-Disk Drives with Solid-State Drives"
607:
234:
968:
366:
are available since
October 2014, pending their inclusion into the
436:
269:
242:
197:
1942:
1922:
1683:
1577:
1169:"Momentus XT 750 GB Review: A Second-Gen Hybrid Hard Drive"
448:
258:
1780:
1216:
539:
released the factory-configured dual-drive hybrid system named
1663:
1487:
378:
206:
There are two main "hybrid" storage technologies that combine
43:
202:
A high-level comparison of SSHD and dual-drive or FCM designs
867:"SATA-IO FAQ: What else is new in SATA specification v3.2?"
1028:"Tested: New Hybrid Hard Drives from Samsung and Seagate"
903:"Advancements in Storage and File Systems in Windows 8.1"
324:, device drivers or software modules and device drivers.
268:(FCMs). FCMs combine the use of separate SSD (usually an
694:
Feng Chen, David A. Koufaty and
Xiaodong Zhang (2011).
1994:
1956:
1888:
1826:
1748:
1692:
1651:
1642:
1520:
1456:
1399:
1328:
1263:
1254:
229:software, which combines SSD and HDD into a single
74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
276:, or a combination of both. One example is Intel
939:"Linux Kernel Finally Being Optimized For SSHDs"
1186:
1184:
169:that combines a faster storage medium such as
1792:
1761:History of computing hardware (1960s–present)
1228:
8:
1167:Patrick Schmid and Achim Roos (2012-02-08).
37:"SSHD" redirects here. For other uses, see
1799:
1785:
1777:
1648:
1260:
1235:
1221:
1213:
1056:. Seagate Technology, LLC. Archived from
969:"Enable use of Solid State Hybrid Drives"
425:Learn how and when to remove this message
340:Host-optimized mode (or host-hinted mode)
134:Learn how and when to remove this message
666:"Advanced Hard Drive Caching Techniques"
633:
480:. The products were not widely adopted.
1137:Liszewski, Andrew (29 October 2015).
345:Serial ATA International Organization
190:operating system (host-hinted mode).
7:
1766:List of pioneers in computer science
407:adding citations to reliable sources
72:adding citations to reliable sources
1034:from the original on 5 October 2013
25:
1820:Comparison of disc image software
643:"Hybrid Storage Pool: Top Speeds"
653:from the original on 2016-04-05.
383:
48:
1199:from the original on 2013-11-01
1191:Anand Lal Shimpi (2011-12-13).
1149:from the original on 2016-05-26
1119:from the original on 2016-06-03
1109:"iMac Available on November 30"
979:from the original on 2015-02-26
949:from the original on 2015-01-07
919:from the original on 2015-11-25
883:from the original on 2013-10-04
817:from the original on 2016-06-01
757:from the original on 2016-06-01
728:from the original on 2016-08-07
676:from the original on 2013-12-02
664:Petros Koutoupis (2013-11-25).
394:needs additional citations for
59:needs additional citations for
937:Michael Larabel (2014-10-29).
1:
1756:History of computing hardware
967:Jason B. Akers (2014-10-29).
641:Gregg, Brendan (2009-10-08).
337:traditional hard drive would.
173:(SSD) with a higher-capacity
1624:Network interface controller
162:) is a logical or physical
1421:Refreshable braille display
1363:Refreshable braille display
998:"Seagate MOMENTUS 5400 PSD"
2073:
185:, or automatically by the
36:
29:
2008:
2002:Disc Description Protocol
1817:
775:Maris (22 January 2016).
278:Smart Response Technology
257:based implementations on
255:Logical Volume Management
214:Dual-drive hybrid systems
2037:Computer storage devices
489:solid-state hybrid drive
290:Solid-state hybrid drive
285:Solid-state hybrid drive
152:solid state hybrid drive
30:For vehicle drives, see
18:Dual-drive hybrid system
1530:Central processing unit
704:10.1145/1995896.1995902
2042:Computer storage media
452:
203:
1080:"Seagate Momentus XT"
440:
368:Linux kernel mainline
245:, Intel's Hystor and
201:
39:SSHD (disambiguation)
2032:Computer peripherals
901:Andy Herron (2013).
403:improve this article
68:improve this article
2057:Non-volatile memory
2047:Solid-state caching
1026:Perenson, Melissa.
333:Self-optimized mode
266:flash cache modules
27:Data storage device
453:
328:Modes of operation
302:solid-state drives
225:By the computer's
204:
160:dual-storage drive
2019:
2018:
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1744:
1743:
1674:Analog audio jack
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1115:(Press release).
562:Benchmark testing
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434:
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208:NAND flash memory
171:solid-state drive
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16:(Redirected from
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2052:Hard disk drives
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1300:Optical trackpad
1265:Pointing devices
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1089:. September 2010
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843:. Archived from
841:The Best Laptops
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783:. Archived from
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349:operating system
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1060:on 5 June 2013
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847:on 15 May 2015
827:
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787:on 11 May 2017
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718:"Hybrid-Drive"
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649:. Dtrace.org.
647:Brendan's blog
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83:"Hybrid drive"
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32:Hybrid vehicle
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2013:
2012:sidecar files
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1981:IMG, IMA, IMZ
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1706:Parallel port
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1007:. August 2007
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876:. p. 2.
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835:+Peter Paul.
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533:November 2012
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496:November 2011
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474:Windows Vista
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392:This section
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231:hybrid volume
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85: –
84:
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79:Find sources:
73:
69:
63:
62:
57:This article
55:
51:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
1958:Floppy disks
1811:file formats
1612:Power MOSFET
1595:Power supply
1564:Data storage
1500:Flash memory
1478:Optical disc
1460:data storage
1201:. Retrieved
1172:. Retrieved
1162:
1151:. Retrieved
1142:
1132:
1121:. Retrieved
1112:
1103:
1093:November 17,
1091:. Retrieved
1086:
1074:
1062:. Retrieved
1058:the original
1048:
1036:. Retrieved
1021:
1011:November 17,
1009:. Retrieved
1004:
992:
981:. Retrieved
962:
951:. Retrieved
932:
921:. Retrieved
896:
885:. Retrieved
861:
849:. Retrieved
845:the original
840:
830:
819:. Retrieved
810:
801:
789:. Retrieved
785:the original
780:
770:
759:. Retrieved
750:
741:
730:. Retrieved
721:
712:
695:
689:
678:. Retrieved
669:
659:
646:
636:
602:Linux topics
591:Hybrid array
586:Fusion Drive
581:ExpressCache
569:
565:
554:
548:October 2015
547:
541:Fusion Drive
532:
521:
509:
502:
495:
488:
484:
460:
454:
421:
412:
401:Please help
396:verification
393:
364:Linux kernel
319:
315:
306:
298:hybrid drive
297:
289:
288:
265:
253:, and other
251:Fusion Drive
230:
217:
205:
179:
159:
155:
151:
148:hybrid drive
147:
145:
130:
121:
111:
104:
97:
90:
78:
66:Please help
61:verification
58:
1711:Serial port
1702:(IEEE 1394)
1679:DisplayPort
1669:Thunderbolt
1542:Motherboard
1505:Memory card
1473:Floppy disk
1315:Touchscreen
1030:. PCWorld.
722:TarDisk.com
555:August 2021
451:ST1000DX001
2026:Categories
1971:DC42, DART
1890:Hard disks
1808:Disk image
1458:Removable
1443:Sound card
1373:Sound chip
1368:Sound card
1358:Microphone
1248:components
1203:2013-11-07
1174:2013-11-07
1153:2016-06-01
1123:2016-06-01
983:2015-02-26
953:2015-02-26
923:2017-01-06
887:2013-10-03
821:2016-05-31
761:2016-05-31
732:2016-05-31
680:2013-12-02
629:References
618:flashcache
596:ReadyBoost
537:Apple Inc.
503:March 2012
478:ReadyDrive
94:newspapers
1721:PS/2 port
1716:Game port
1629:Fax modem
1468:Disk pack
1320:Trackball
1283:Light pen
1113:Apple.com
517:capacity.
415:July 2019
312:Operation
259:OS X
124:July 2019
1966:ADF, ADZ
1700:FireWire
1693:Obsolete
1659:Ethernet
1438:Speakers
1336:Keyboard
1310:Touchpad
1245:computer
1197:Archived
1147:Archived
1117:Archived
1032:Archived
977:Archived
947:Archived
943:Phoronix
914:Archived
878:Archived
815:Archived
755:Archived
751:Macworld
726:Archived
674:Archived
651:Archived
613:dm-cache
575:See also
485:May 2010
362:for the
358:, while
322:firmware
239:dm-cache
183:end user
164:computer
1865:MDF+MDS
1850:CCD+SUB
1836:BIN+CUE
1749:Related
1652:Current
1493:Blu-ray
1431:Plotter
1426:Printer
1409:Monitor
1385:Softcam
1293:Optical
1143:Gizmodo
1087:Seagate
1064:26 June
1038:26 June
1005:Seagate
973:LWN.net
874:SATA-IO
811:PCWorld
514:Toshiba
469:Samsung
465:Seagate
446:desktop
443:Seagate
375:History
360:patches
108:scholar
1607:MOSFET
1547:Memory
1414:Screen
1380:Webcam
1243:Basic
851:22 May
791:15 May
781:HDDMAG
608:bcache
235:bcache
158:, and
110:
103:
96:
89:
81:
1996:CD-DA
1726:eSATA
1644:Ports
1329:Other
1288:Mouse
1083:(PDF)
1001:(PDF)
917:(PDF)
906:(PDF)
881:(PDF)
870:(PDF)
624:Notes
270:mSATA
247:Apple
243:Linux
194:Types
115:JSTOR
101:books
1943:VMDK
1928:UDIF
1923:QCOW
1918:NDIF
1684:HDMI
1600:SMPS
1588:SSHD
1582:NVMe
1578:SATA
1557:BIOS
1095:2019
1066:2013
1040:2013
1013:2019
910:SNIA
853:2015
793:2017
467:and
461:2007
449:SSHD
441:1TB
237:and
156:SSHD
87:news
1986:VFD
1976:DMS
1948:WIM
1938:VHD
1933:VDI
1913:ISO
1908:IMG
1903:FVD
1898:DMG
1880:UIF
1875:NRG
1870:MDX
1860:ISZ
1855:ISO
1846:IMG
1841:DAA
1736:VGA
1731:DVI
1664:USB
1617:VRM
1574:SSD
1569:HDD
1552:RAM
1488:DVD
1351:GPU
700:doi
553:In
546:In
531:In
520:In
508:In
501:In
494:In
483:In
476:'s
459:In
405:by
249:'s
241:on
70:by
2028::
1580:/
1483:CD
1195:.
1183:^
1145:.
1141:.
1111:.
1085:.
1003:.
975:.
971:.
945:.
941:.
912:.
908:.
872:.
839:.
813:.
809:.
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753:.
749:.
724:.
720:.
672:.
668:.
645:.
535:,
524:,
512:,
463:,
154:–
146:A
2014:.
1848:+
1800:e
1793:t
1786:v
1584:)
1576:(
1236:e
1229:t
1222:v
1206:.
1177:.
1156:.
1126:.
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702::
683:.
543:.
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422:(
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413:(
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370:.
261:.
150:(
137:)
131:(
126:)
122:(
112:·
105:·
98:·
91:·
64:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
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