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regulates 132,000 social workers across the world, names multiple types of dual relationships. This includes sexual, financial, personal or religious relationships which could become exploitative due to the differences in power between the worker and the client. Social workers are advised by the NASW to communicate with their clients when such a relationship arises or could arise, and are advised to take steps to avoid dual relationships wherever possible. The NASW recognizes, however, that dual relationships can be unavoidable in some types of communities, such as in rural communities or military installations.
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Several "helping" fields which are not strictly psychological in nature, but which still involve a therapeutic counseling environment, also have stringent policies involving dual relationships and the avoidance of such relationships. For example, the
National Association of Social Workers , which
44:) is a resource that outlines ethical standards and principles to which practitioners are expected to adhere. Standard 3.05 of the APA ethics code outlines the definition of multiple relationships. Dual or multiple relationships occur when:
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In addition, the standard provides a description of when to avoid multiple relationships (e.g., when the relationship causes harm to the client or impairs the psychologist's competence) and when these relationships are
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Roberts, L.W.; Battaglia, J.; Epstein, R.S. (1999). "Frontier ethics: Mental health care needs and ethical dilemmas in rural communities".
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Nelson, M. B. (2004). "Professional boundaries: The dilemma of dual and multiple relationships in rural clinical practice".
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the psychologist has intentions to enter into a future relationship with the client or someone closely related to the client
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Nickel, M.B. (2004). "Professional boundaries: The dilemma of dual and multiple relationships in rural clinical practice".
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a professional and personal relationship take place simultaneously between the psychologist and the client
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considered unethical (e.g., when the relationship does not exploit the client or impair competence).
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the psychologist has a relationship with a person closely related to or connected to their client
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Werth, J.L.; Hastings, S.L.; Riding-Malon, R. (2010).
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