435:
357:
421:
296:
31:
173:
English nomenclature was confusing, though, since the $ 8 "double pistole" was the doubloon in
English usage, while the $ 16 "quadruple pistole" was the doubloon in American colonial usage. This was disambiguated in references by calling the $ 4 the
228:
in silver, traded at a high gold-silver ratio of 16 (since each real contained 3.833 g of 0.917 silver). Since the prevailing ratio in Europe was 15 in most of the 18th century, doubloons occasionally traded at a discount to this amount, at 30–32
582:"The Universal Cambist, and Commercial Instructor: Being a Full and Accurate Treatise on the Exchanges, Monies, Weights and Measures of All Trading Nations and Their Colonies; with an Account of Their Banks, Public Funds, and Paper Currencies"
535:
The
Universal Cambist and Commercial Instructor: Being a Full and Accurate Treatise on the Exchanges, Monies, Weights, and Measures, and of All Trading Nations and Their Colonies .... Including a revision of foreign weights and measures
2041:
2061:
2979:
2526:
2021:
2984:
2071:
1676:
1034:
2911:
3023:
2891:
1995:
673:
1975:
144:
558:
2749:
1711:
1580:
1207:
1203:
860:
2207:
2844:
2839:
1613:
1256:
709:
372:
585:
2906:
2026:
2142:
798:
3038:
2673:
1990:
1926:
1648:
1628:
1103:
835:
1143:
773:
2648:
2046:
1590:
639:
616:
343:
2739:
2315:
885:
2939:
2255:
2250:
1623:
1107:
2455:
2876:
2668:
1804:
1754:
1739:
1638:
1325:
1227:
2310:
2051:
2896:
2834:
2633:
1764:
1744:
1716:
1633:
1608:
1468:
1276:
1183:
1113:
1090:
629:
487:
361:
321:
2859:
2688:
2445:
2132:
2989:
2944:
2886:
2864:
2678:
2450:
2245:
2240:
1921:
1906:
991:
855:
808:
2881:
2869:
2849:
2380:
2202:
1681:
1061:
870:
666:
2854:
2754:
2385:
1837:
1769:
738:
2305:
2212:
2152:
306:
2789:
2172:
2127:
1799:
1686:
1598:
1570:
1197:
1167:
803:
97:
788:
758:
325:
310:
2708:
2658:
2516:
2415:
1911:
1784:
1749:
1701:
1603:
1215:
1099:
753:
317:
274:) and weighing 8.3771 grams (0.268 troy ounces). The last Spanish doubloons (showing the denomination as 80
880:
865:
2653:
2536:
2435:
2430:
2370:
1789:
1779:
1565:
1268:
1179:
2496:
2295:
2197:
2112:
605:
3063:
2703:
2561:
2405:
2345:
1896:
1794:
1759:
1706:
1211:
1175:
905:
778:
763:
659:
356:
2994:
2566:
2501:
2137:
2005:
1891:
1774:
1734:
1378:
1171:
830:
820:
1337:
2794:
2440:
1850:
1671:
1560:
1499:
1427:
1038:
718:
2974:
2375:
2285:
2162:
2122:
2081:
1050:
550:
34:
Spanish 4-doubloon, or doubloon of 8 escudos, stamped as minted in Mexico city mint in 1798. Obverse:
2949:
2618:
2581:
2571:
2511:
2475:
2410:
2390:
2265:
2187:
2097:
1916:
793:
783:
247:
132:; 3.1 g vs 3.48 g fine gold) as the standard Spanish gold coin, the doubloon therefore succeeded the
3068:
3018:
2774:
2764:
2759:
2643:
2623:
2576:
2556:
2465:
2360:
2355:
2300:
2270:
2036:
1661:
1618:
1575:
1504:
1473:
1244:
1223:
1189:
1095:
1065:
996:
840:
813:
713:
279:
93:
2230:
2779:
2769:
2744:
2698:
2663:
2521:
2107:
1980:
1478:
1458:
1118:
1006:
895:
733:
440:
401:
140:
35:
2102:
2031:
508:
3033:
2959:
2901:
2734:
2506:
2480:
2470:
2460:
2395:
2350:
2280:
2260:
2235:
2182:
2157:
1422:
976:
972:
949:
890:
845:
704:
635:
612:
581:
533:
405:
158:
gold coins were minted in one-half, one, two, four, and eight escudo denominations, with each
2969:
2591:
2586:
2551:
2531:
2290:
2167:
2066:
1970:
1432:
1272:
1123:
1055:
1001:
454:
378:
In Europe, the doubloon became the model for several other gold coins, including the French
201:
47:
2784:
2724:
2638:
2546:
2420:
2400:
2365:
2147:
2117:
2056:
1666:
1656:
1437:
1329:
1286:
1046:
954:
825:
191:
155:
2693:
3011:
2628:
2541:
2425:
2177:
2000:
1985:
1886:
1860:
1845:
1726:
1321:
1315:
1219:
986:
900:
850:
728:
682:
459:
448:
238:
219:
163:
159:
117:
67:
59:
3057:
2192:
1042:
959:
768:
367:
Doubloons have also been minted in
Portuguese colonies, where they went by the name
2964:
2954:
2683:
2222:
2076:
1901:
1417:
1193:
875:
723:
426:
380:
224:
72:
2275:
1345:
479:
139:
In modern times, the doubloon is remembered due in large part to the influence of
3034:
Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)
1865:
1855:
1691:
1260:
295:
212:
208:
2729:
1463:
1133:
743:
416:
77:
1696:
1453:
1353:
1030:
964:
113:
89:
63:
196:
980:
748:
101:
3028:
2999:
1552:
1509:
1494:
1138:
396:
390:
167:
105:
17:
84:
gold (or 0.917 fine; hence 6.2 g fine gold). Doubloons were minted in
1965:
1519:
1514:
1291:
109:
30:
170:", and the large eight-escudo (or $ 16) was a "quadruple pistole".
3006:
1333:
1280:
1128:
944:
355:
129:
85:
81:
29:
651:
1349:
1341:
1264:
2928:
2823:
1947:
1825:
1540:
1399:
1367:
1304:
1241:
1156:
1079:
1019:
933:
922:
693:
655:
289:
282:
of Mexico, Peru and New
Granada continued to mint doubloons.
375:
is the only extant currency with a name meaning "doubloon."
278:) were minted in 1849. After their independence, the former
166:
or $ 2. The two-escudo (or $ 4 coin) was the "doubloon" or "
631:
Concise Oxford
English Dictionary: Book & CD-ROM Set
215:
at the rate of £4 and became the dominant coin there.
997:
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France
360:
Italian States, Piacenza, 2 Doppie (1626), depicting
38:.et Ind.R. Reverse:.in.utroq.felix. .auspice.deo.fm.
2717:
2611:
2604:
2489:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2221:
2090:
2014:
1958:
1879:
1836:
1725:
1647:
1589:
1551:
1487:
1446:
1410:
628:Stevenson, Angus; Waite, Maurice (18 August 2011).
236:In Spain, doubloons were current for $ 4 (four
1186:, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon)
667:
246:) up to the middle of the 19th century.
8:
861:Independence of Spanish continental Americas
324:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2925:
2820:
2608:
2335:
2328:
1955:
1944:
1833:
1822:
1548:
1537:
1407:
1396:
1364:
1301:
1238:
1153:
1076:
1016:
930:
919:
690:
674:
660:
652:
2980:Colonial universities in Hispanic America
344:Learn how and when to remove this message
2985:Colonial universities in the Philippines
1976:Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia
471:
7:
1257:Captaincy General of the Philippines
749:New Laws in favour of the indigenous
608:Money and Exchange in Canada to 1900
322:adding citations to reliable sources
258:in 1859, and replaced the 6.77-gram
211:, doubloons of eight were valued in
2960:Indochristian painting in New Spain
1927:Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires
561:from the original on 8 August 2016
76:, and weighing 6.766 grams (0.218
25:
901:Independence of Equatorial Guinea
3012:Criollos in the colonial society
2940:Spanish missions in the Americas
2062:Charles Bonaventure de Longueval
451:, also known as a piece of eight
433:
419:
294:
3039:Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649
588:from the original on 2023-01-14
490:from the original on 2015-09-20
27:Two-escudo or 32-real gold coin
1091:Captaincy General of Guatemala
799:Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)
362:Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma
218:Doubloons, when exchanged for
136:or double-ducat denomination.
66:worth approximately $ 4 (four
1:
2990:General Archive of the Indies
2251:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
1922:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
1907:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
856:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso
809:War of the Spanish Succession
774:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
371:, with the same meaning. The
1062:Captaincy General of Yucatan
992:Union with Holy Roman Empire
971:Southern Italy (Kingdoms of
886:German–Spanish Treaty (1899)
254:-based coinage with decimal
1542:Administrative subdivisions
739:War of the League of Cognac
373:São Tomé and Príncipe dobra
120:succeeded the heavier gold
3085:
2256:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
2241:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
2143:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
1041:), Western United States (
804:Portuguese Restoration War
551:"What Are Gold Doubloons?"
184:doubloon of four (escudos)
3024:Slavery in Spanish Empire
2935:
2924:
2830:
2819:
2311:Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor
2052:Álvaro de Bazán the Elder
1954:
1943:
1912:Barcelona Trading Company
1832:
1821:
1677:New Andalusia (1501–1513)
1547:
1536:
1406:
1395:
1374:
1311:
1252:
1184:Venezuela, part of Guyana
1163:
1086:
1037:, Central United States (
1026:
940:
929:
918:
769:Bruneian–Spanish conflict
754:Expulsion of the Moriscos
700:
689:
644:– via Google Books.
88:and the viceroyalties of
2965:Quito painting tradition
2955:Cusco painting tradition
2316:García López de Cárdenas
2306:Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera
2213:Felipe González de Ahedo
2133:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
710:Conquest of the Americas
606:McCullough, Alan Bruce.
2750:Comuneros (New Granada)
2527:Balearic Islands (1558)
2246:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
2173:Ruy López de Villalobos
2128:Miguel López de Legazpi
2042:García de Toledo Osorio
906:Western Sahara conflict
896:Independence of Morocco
836:Treaty of Madrid (1750)
779:Piracy in the Caribbean
764:French Wars of Religion
580:Kelly, Patrick (1821).
532:Kelly, Patrick (1821).
2995:Colonial Spanish Horse
2669:Colonia del Sacramento
1892:Spanish treasure fleet
1469:Royal Decree of Graces
394:, the Northern German
364:
39:
2153:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
2113:Juan Sebastián Elcano
1428:Council of the Indies
789:Spanish–Moro conflict
759:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
719:Treaty of Tordesillas
359:
280:Spanish Viceroyalties
33:
2950:Mesoamerican Codices
2674:Comuneros (Paraguay)
2512:Siege of Castelnuovo
2098:Christopher Columbus
1917:Consulate of the Sea
1897:Casa de Contratación
1488:Titles and positions
881:Spanish–American War
871:Liberal constitution
714:Asia and the Pacific
318:improve this section
248:Isabella II of Spain
194:did the same as per
53:, or "double", i.e.
36:Carol.IIII.D.G. Hisp
2679:Cartagena de Indias
2301:Diego de Mazariegos
2271:Pere Fages i Beleta
2138:Sebastián de Ocampo
1619:Provincias Internas
1591:Captaincies General
1505:Municipal president
1474:School of Salamanca
1245:Spanish East Indies
1224:Misiones Orientales
1096:Spanish West Indies
1060:, Central America (
1007:Pyrénées-Orientales
960:Union with Portugal
851:Napoleonic invasion
831:War of Jenkins' Ear
262:with a new heavier
186:, and the $ 16 the
2975:Academia Antártica
2930:Other civil topics
2296:Pánfilo de Narváez
2198:Sebastián Vizcaíno
2163:Andrés de Urdaneta
2123:Juan Ponce de León
2108:Ferdinand Magellan
2082:Bernardo de Gálvez
1981:Indian auxiliaries
1479:Trial of residence
1459:Laws of the Indies
1243:Asia and Oceania (
1104:Dominican Republic
441:Numismatics portal
365:
286:In other countries
141:historical fiction
40:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3046:
2920:
2919:
2825:Spanish conquests
2815:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2600:
2599:
2281:Pedro de Alvarado
2266:Gaspar de Portolà
2261:Pedro de Valdivia
2236:Francisco Pizarro
2188:Nicolás de Ovando
2183:Alonso de Ercilla
2158:Alonso de Salazar
1991:Ships of the line
1939:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1363:
1362:
1320:Northern Africa (
1316:Equatorial Guinea
1300:
1299:
1237:
1236:
1152:
1151:
1075:
1074:
1066:Spanish Caribbean
1039:Spanish Louisiana
1015:
1014:
950:Crown of Castille
914:
913:
891:Spanish Civil War
866:Adams–Onís Treaty
846:Nootka Convention
794:Thirty Years' War
784:Eighty Years' War
705:Catholic Monarchs
695:Timeline–immersed
354:
353:
346:
188:doubloon of eight
162:worth around two
16:(Redirected from
3076:
2926:
2892:Chibchan Nations
2821:
2790:Santiago de Cuba
2649:Guadalupe Island
2609:
2336:
2329:
2291:Diego de Almagro
2168:Antonio de Ulloa
2072:Ambrosio Spinola
2067:Pedro de Zubiaur
2037:Alfonso d'Avalos
2027:Antonio de Leyva
1971:Army of Flanders
1956:
1945:
1834:
1823:
1549:
1538:
1408:
1397:
1365:
1338:Peñón of Algiers
1302:
1239:
1154:
1077:
1059:
1017:
931:
920:
841:Seven Years' War
814:Queen Anne's War
691:
676:
669:
662:
653:
646:
645:
625:
619:
603:
597:
596:
594:
593:
577:
571:
570:
568:
566:
547:
541:
540:
529:
523:
522:
520:
519:
505:
499:
498:
496:
495:
476:
455:Brasher Doubloon
443:
438:
437:
436:
429:
424:
423:
422:
349:
342:
338:
335:
329:
298:
290:
266:worth $ 5 (five
244:reales de vellón
202:Brasher doubloon
156:Spanish American
21:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3043:
3019:Old inquisition
2931:
2916:
2826:
2799:
2755:Trinidad (1797)
2725:La Noche Triste
2713:
2709:San Juan (1797)
2659:San Juan (1595)
2596:
2485:
2325:Notable battles
2320:
2286:Martín de Ursúa
2217:
2148:Alonso de Ojeda
2118:Juan de la Cosa
2103:Pinzón brothers
2086:
2057:John of Austria
2032:Martín de Goiti
2010:
1950:
1931:
1875:
1828:
1809:
1721:
1717:Terra Australis
1712:Río de la Plata
1657:Castilla de Oro
1643:
1585:
1581:Río de la Plata
1543:
1524:
1483:
1442:
1438:Santa Hermandad
1402:
1383:
1379:Terra Australis
1370:
1359:
1326:Spanish Morocco
1307:
1296:
1287:Northern Taiwan
1248:
1233:
1204:Río de la Plata
1159:
1148:
1082:
1081:Central America
1071:
1053:
1022:
1011:
955:Crown of Aragon
936:
925:
910:
826:Bourbon Reforms
696:
685:
680:
650:
649:
642:
627:
626:
622:
610:, Dundurn, 1984
604:
600:
591:
589:
579:
578:
574:
564:
562:
549:
548:
544:
531:
530:
526:
517:
515:
507:
506:
502:
493:
491:
478:
477:
473:
468:
439:
434:
432:
425:
420:
418:
415:
350:
339:
333:
330:
315:
299:
288:
250:switched to an
192:Spanish America
176:common doubloon
164:Spanish dollars
153:
134:doble excelente
68:Spanish dollars
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3082:
3080:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3064:Coins of Spain
3056:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2835:Canary Islands
2831:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2689:Túpac Amaru II
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2634:Bogotá savanna
2631:
2626:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2542:Spanish Armada
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2436:White Mountain
2433:
2431:Cape Celidonia
2428:
2426:English Armada
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2203:Juan Fernández
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2178:Diego Columbus
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2006:Army of Africa
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1986:Spanish Armada
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1887:Manila galleon
1883:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1557:
1555:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1404:
1403:
1401:Administration
1400:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1322:Western Sahara
1318:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1220:Banda Oriental
1201:
1187:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1035:Coastal Alaska
1027:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
969:
968:
967:
962:
957:
952:
941:
938:
937:
934:
927:
926:
923:
916:
915:
912:
911:
909:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
817:
816:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
707:
701:
698:
697:
694:
687:
686:
683:Spanish Empire
681:
679:
678:
671:
664:
656:
648:
647:
640:
634:. OUP Oxford.
620:
598:
572:
542:
524:
509:"Spanish Gold"
500:
484:Dictionary.com
470:
469:
467:
464:
463:
462:
460:Moby Dick Coin
457:
452:
449:Spanish dollar
445:
444:
430:
414:
411:
406:Friedrich d'or
384:, the Italian
352:
351:
302:
300:
293:
287:
284:
182:, the $ 8 the
152:
149:
118:Spanish escudo
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3081:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2970:Tapada limeña
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2822:
2818:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2562:Montes Claros
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2502:Vienna (1529)
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2231:Hernán Cortés
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2223:Conquistadors
2220:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2193:Juan de Ayala
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2047:Duke of Savoy
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1942:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1846:Dollar (Peso)
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1820:
1806:
1805:Santo Domingo
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1682:New Andalusia
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:Santo Domingo
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1553:Viceroyalties
1550:
1546:
1539:
1535:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1394:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1366:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1303:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1158:South America
1155:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1078:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1043:Spanish Texas
1040:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1021:North America
1018:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1002:Franche-Comté
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
946:
943:
942:
939:
932:
928:
921:
917:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
815:
812:
811:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
711:
708:
706:
703:
702:
699:
692:
688:
684:
677:
672:
670:
665:
663:
658:
657:
654:
643:
641:9780199601103
637:
633:
632:
624:
621:
618:
617:9780919670860
614:
611:
609:
602:
599:
587:
583:
576:
573:
560:
556:
552:
546:
543:
538:
537:
528:
525:
514:
510:
504:
501:
489:
485:
481:
475:
472:
465:
461:
458:
456:
453:
450:
447:
446:
442:
431:
428:
417:
412:
410:
408:
407:
403:
399:
398:
393:
392:
387:
383:
382:
376:
374:
370:
363:
358:
348:
345:
337:
327:
323:
319:
313:
312:
308:
303:This section
301:
297:
292:
291:
285:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
240:
234:
232:
227:
226:
221:
216:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
150:
148:
146:
142:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
62:
61:
56:
55:double escudo
52:
49:
45:
37:
32:
19:
2945:Architecture
2840:The Americas
2704:Newfoundland
2694:Túpac Katari
2684:Cuerno Verde
2619:Tenochtitlan
2451:Valenciennes
2208:Luis Fajardo
2077:Blas de Lezo
2022:Duke of Alba
1902:Spanish Road
1870:
1740:Buenos Aires
1649:Governorates
1418:Ayuntamiento
1411:Organization
876:Carlist Wars
724:Italian Wars
630:
623:
607:
601:
590:. Retrieved
575:
563:. Retrieved
554:
545:
534:
527:
516:. Retrieved
513:coins.nd.edu
512:
503:
492:. Retrieved
483:
474:
427:Money portal
404:
395:
389:
388:, the Swiss
385:
379:
377:
368:
366:
340:
331:
316:Please help
304:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
243:
237:
235:
230:
223:
217:
206:
195:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:
154:
138:
133:
125:
121:
100:(modern-day
71:
58:
57:) was a two-
54:
50:
43:
41:
2912:Philippines
2877:El Salvador
2497:Capo d'Orso
2381:St. Quentin
2356:Rome (1527)
2015:Strategists
1765:Guadalajara
1692:New Navarre
1687:New Castile
1672:La Luisiana
1624:Puerto Rico
1614:Philippines
1571:New Granada
1261:Philippines
1222:(Uruguay),
1218:(Bolivia),
1168:New Granada
1108:Puerto Rico
1054: [
924:Territories
744:Encomiendas
539:Lackington.
213:Nova Scotia
209:War of 1812
200:. See also
98:New Granada
3069:Gold coins
3058:Categories
2582:Somosierra
2572:Manila Bay
2446:Nördlingen
2386:Gravelines
1866:Columnario
1838:Currencies
1755:Concepción
1727:Audiencias
1702:New Toledo
1667:La Florida
1500:Corregidor
1464:Papal bull
1369:Antarctica
1277:Micronesia
734:Golden Age
592:2021-11-29
518:2023-08-30
494:2015-08-31
480:"Doubloon"
466:References
400:, and the
381:Louis d'or
334:March 2023
207:After the
178:or simply
116:). As the
78:troy ounce
2887:Nicaragua
2865:Guatemala
2775:Pichincha
2760:Chacabuco
2699:Pensacola
2644:Mataquito
2624:Cajamarca
2605:New World
2577:Trafalgar
2481:Alhucemas
2361:Landriano
2346:Comuneros
2332:Old World
2276:Joan Orpí
1996:Royalists
1770:Guatemala
1697:New Spain
1634:Venezuela
1609:Guatemala
1566:New Spain
1561:Columbian
1454:Exequatur
1354:Cape Juby
1208:Argentina
1031:New Spain
965:Gibraltar
729:Habsburgs
305:does not
270:, or 100
197:es:doblón
122:excelente
114:Venezuela
90:New Spain
64:gold coin
2897:Colombia
2882:Honduras
2795:Asomante
2780:Ayacucho
2770:Carabobo
2745:Curalaba
2522:Ceresole
2416:Gembloux
2376:Mühlberg
2091:Mariners
1949:Military
1871:Doubloon
1856:Maravedí
1800:Santiago
1707:Paraguay
1433:Germania
1273:Caroline
1228:Malvinas
1212:Paraguay
1172:Colombia
1114:Trinidad
981:Sardinia
821:Bourbons
586:Archived
559:Archived
488:Archived
413:See also
402:Prussian
242:, or 80
180:doubloon
102:Colombia
80:) of 22-
70:) or 32
44:doubloon
3029:Asiento
3000:Mustang
2860:Yucatán
2855:Chiapas
2735:Tucapel
2567:Passaro
2517:Algiers
2507:Preveza
2476:Tetouan
2471:Vitoria
2461:Bitonto
2401:Antwerp
2396:Lepanto
2351:Bicocca
1827:Economy
1750:Charcas
1745:Caracas
1639:Yucatán
1510:Regidor
1495:Alcalde
1423:Cabildo
1330:Tripoli
1269:Mariana
1216:Charcas
1192:(Peru,
1176:Ecuador
1139:Bonaire
1134:Curazao
1119:Jamaica
1047:Florida
397:pistole
391:duplone
326:removed
311:sources
168:pistole
151:History
106:Ecuador
48:Spanish
18:Dubloon
3007:Castas
2765:Boyacá
2740:Guiana
2730:Iguape
2654:Recife
2592:Mactan
2587:Annual
2552:Rocroi
2547:Leiden
2532:Djerba
2466:Bailén
2421:Ostend
2406:Azores
2001:Legión
1966:Tercio
1959:Armies
1861:Escudo
1790:Panamá
1785:Mexico
1780:Manila
1735:Bogotá
1520:Vecino
1515:Syndic
1346:Béjaïa
1306:Africa
1292:Tidore
1180:Panama
1144:Belize
1051:Mexico
977:Sicily
973:Naples
935:Europe
638:
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386:doppia
369:dobrão
276:reales
272:reales
264:doblón
260:doblón
256:reales
252:escudo
231:reales
225:reales
222:or 32
160:escudo
145:piracy
143:about
126:ducado
112:, and
110:Panama
96:, and
73:reales
60:escudo
51:doblón
46:(from
2902:Chile
2870:Petén
2845:Aztec
2664:Bahia
2639:Penco
2629:Cusco
2557:Downs
2537:Tunis
2456:Ceuta
2441:Breda
2391:Malta
2371:Tunis
2366:Pavia
1880:Trade
1795:Quito
1760:Cusco
1599:Chile
1334:Tunis
1281:Palau
1198:Chile
1129:Aruba
1124:Haiti
1058:]
987:Milan
945:Spain
565:3 May
555:APMEX
268:duros
239:duros
130:ducat
86:Spain
82:karat
2907:Inca
2850:Maya
2785:Guam
2718:Lost
2490:Lost
2411:Mons
1851:Real
1775:Lima
1662:Cuba
1604:Cuba
1576:Perú
1352:and
1350:Ifni
1342:Oran
1265:Guam
1194:Acre
1190:Peru
1100:Cuba
979:and
636:ISBN
613:ISBN
567:2021
309:any
307:cite
124:(or
94:Peru
42:The
2612:Won
2339:Won
1447:Law
1344:,
1064:),
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536:...
320:by
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