46:) lists in which the members signed petitions to authorities. The circular lists were meant to conceal who the ringleaders were. Duguilangs did not always limit themselves to petitions and lawsuits, but in a number of cases resorted to more violent means; in one resolution against the sale of banner land (which was considered common property) to Chinese firms, the reasons for forming a duguilang are given as
34:) is a term for Mongolian secret societies from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These duguilangs typically articulated popular discontent with higher authorities, especially with banner princes. The name is derived from the circular (
181:
80:
Two important activists in duguilangs in the Ordos region in the 1910s and 1920s were Oljei jirγal, who became known as Šinelama ("new lama"), and
Wangdannima. The uprising they initiated in 1926 would last until 1929.
73:
Modern Inner
Mongolian historiography distinguishes three phases of Duguilangs: a first phase lasted from 1858 to 1891, a second phase from 1900 to 1908 was mainly concerned with excessive
50:
Because all we people have no water to drink, no land to live on, but cannot bear this, we have formed the duguilang society and will not follow the princes' orders.
127:, p. 22, 34 (translation of the second chapter of "The Commoner's Revolts in Northern Mongolia" by Prof. Sh. Natsagdorj, Ulaanbaatar 1956)
161:
176:
166:
77:
and the sale of banner land, and a third phase from 1911 to 1929, which was in part influenced by revolutionary ideas.
171:
156:
35:
23:
63:
150:
136:
Walther
Heissig, "Die Innere Mongolei 1911-1939", in: Michael Weiers (editor),
97:
Walther
Heissig, "Die Innere Mongolei 1911-1939", in: Michael Weiers (editor),
55:
59:
74:
67:
182:
Major
National Historical and Cultural Sites in Inner Mongolia
58:
region, but later also appeared in other areas. For example,
138:
Die
Mongolen, Beitrage zu ihrer Geschichte und Kultur
99:
Die
Mongolen, Beitrage zu ihrer Geschichte und Kultur
70:, formed the "Tsetseg nuuryn duguilan" in 1912.
8:
90:
54:The first duguilangs sprung up in the
7:
125:Mongolian Heroes of the 20th Century
14:
112:The Modern History of Mongolia
1:
140:, Darmstadt 1986, p. 475-478
198:
162:History of Inner Mongolia
39:
27:
177:Mongolia under Qing rule
167:20th century in Mongolia
101:, Darmstadt 1986, p. 475
62:'s band in what is now
52:
114:, London 1968, p. 176
48:
189:
172:Secret societies
141:
134:
128:
121:
115:
108:
102:
95:
41:
29:
197:
196:
192:
191:
190:
188:
187:
186:
147:
146:
145:
144:
135:
131:
122:
118:
109:
105:
96:
92:
87:
17:
12:
11:
5:
195:
193:
185:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
149:
148:
143:
142:
129:
123:Urgunge Onon,
116:
103:
89:
88:
86:
83:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
194:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
152:
139:
133:
130:
126:
120:
117:
113:
110:C.R. Bawden,
107:
104:
100:
94:
91:
84:
82:
78:
76:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
51:
47:
45:
37:
33:
25:
21:
137:
132:
124:
119:
111:
106:
98:
93:
79:
72:
53:
49:
43:
31:
19:
18:
64:Khovd aimag
157:Ordos City
151:Categories
85:References
32:Duγuyilang
60:Ard Ayush
36:Mongolian
24:Mongolian
20:Duguilang
16:Societies
68:Mongolia
28:Дугуйлан
75:corvees
44:circle
56:Ordos
40:Дугуй
153::
66:,
42:,
38::
30:,
26::
22:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.