394:
42:
339:, where he announced his intention to suppress all revolutionary tendencies by force. But on 6 September, he was attacked by stone throwers while riding home from the theatre; on the next day, a large mob tried to break into the palace. Charles fled and the palace was completely destroyed by fire. When Charles's brother,
343:, arrived in Brunswick on 10 September, he was received joyfully by the people. William originally considered himself only his brother's regent, but after a year declared himself ruling duke. Charles made several desperate attempts to depose his brother by diplomacy and by force, but they were unsuccessful.
326:
that same year attempted to intervene in this matter and ordered
Charles to accept the new constitution from his minority. Charles disregarded it, and continued governing as his father had. He did not have his decrees cosigned, but continued as an absolute monarch, as the Guelphs had been for more
321:
On May 10, 1827, Charles declared in an edict that the new constitution redefining his sovereignty was invalid. Passing a new constitution during a
Regency was also protested for him by Austria. These had gone against all the norms of international law. In the edict Hanover was called a "usurper",
465:
A contemporary obituarist referred to the Duke as "that painted, bewigged
Lothario, whose follies, eccentricities, and diamonds made him the talk of Europe." During his lifetime he sued several newspaper publishers for libel when they alleged that, among other things, he solicited homosexual
313:
payments to the
WolfenbĂĽttel princes, as heads of house. Until this new redefinition, all of Hanover was considered sub-principalities that conditionally governed in the name of the WolfenbĂĽttel ruling prince. These sub-principalities included Hanover-Calenberg and Luneburg, the new
255:
against
Napoleon. In the Autumn of 1809, to avoid capture the duke had conducted a remarkable fighting march across Germany and escaped to Britain with his troops; on his arrival in London he sent for his sons who then lived with their paternal grandmother,
448:
The monument was unveiled on 14 October 1879; however, earthquake damage resulted in the removal of the equestrian statue to an adjacent plinth in 1883 and the top of the spire was rebuilt with a crown in 1890. The Duke's estate amounted to 24 million
470:, in 1830, after sending a manservant to procure archive copies of the edition from the publishers and the British Museum. No copies now survive, although given the Duke's other legal cases, the nature of the libel may be assumed. However this case (
299:
erupted; Charles claimed majority at the age of 18, while George considered the age of majority to be 21 years. A compromise was made, and
Charles reached his majority at the age of 19, and took over government on 30 October 1823.
330:
The ownership of the printing presses ultimately won the battle as the popular opinion was turned against their monarch. Charles's administration was maligned as being corrupt and misguided. When in 1830 the
1317:
480:, as the ruling was interpreted by courts to allow defamation plaintiffs to sue if there was a “new publication” of the original libel. It was used, for example, in 2009 to decree that internet company
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610:
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67:
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303:
During his 18th year, Hanover speedily rushed in a new constitution which limited his powers, redefined his duchy, hereditary lands, and his due income as head of the
228:
357:
Charles spent the rest of his life outside of
Germany, mostly in Paris and London. While he lived in London he engaged in a high-profile feud with the publisher
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Charles continued to be active in his office as ruling prince in exile. He filed many protests against
Hanover, against his brother, and against Prussia's
288:
484:, who made historical libels available on their web pages, could be liable for damages. The multiple publication rule was finally curtailed in the UK by
409:
be built for him in Geneva "in a prominent position and worthy", that it should feature statues of his father, Frederick
William, and his grandfather,
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was originally mounted at the top of the spire. The monument stands on a platform 65 meters long and 25 meters wide and is guarded by marble
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275:
After the death of his father in 1815, Charles inherited the Duchy of
Brunswick, but since he was still underage, he was put under the
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1019:
240:
672:
257:
453:, two million of which were expended on the monument, the remainder was spent on a number of new public buildings, for example the
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235:, died shortly after giving birth to a stillborn daughter when Charles was only three years old. Charles and his younger brother
454:
268:. The young princes were treated as celebrities in London, with William being given the honour of laying a foundation stone for
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429:
bearing a recumbent figure of the duke. At the projecting corners are marble statues of six notable ancestors of the
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405:
drawn up on 5 March 1871, Charles left his entire estate to the city of Geneva with a single stipulation: that a
104:
425:. Sited on the Quai du Mont-Blanc, it is built in three storeys of white marble with a hexagonal canopy over a
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encounters. However, in 1849 he won a defamation case for the publication of an article by a newspaper,
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The Life and Correspondence of Thomas Slingsby Duncombe: Late M.P. for Finsbury, Volume II
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143:
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354:. In his later letters he predicted communism would take the lands from the Prussians.
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from 1815 until 1830. Today he is best remembered for being on the losing side of the "
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41:
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1128:
1148:"Homosexuality in 19th-cent. England: Libels against the Duke of Brunwick, 1840s"
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Die Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. JahrtausendrĂĽckblick einer Region
296:
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295:. When Charles neared his 18th birthday, a dispute over the date of his
159:
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broke out, Charles happened to be in Paris. He hurriedly returned to
120:
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318:
creation of the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814 notwithstanding.
413:, and that it should imitate the style of the 14th century
421:. Accordingly, a design was chosen by the Swiss architect
397:
The Brunswick Monument on the Quai du Mont-Blanc, Geneva.
307:. As from 1546 forwards Hanover also paid the dynastic
1318:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
322:
and this caused outrage in Hanover and England. The
1192:
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, vol. 15, p. 281-285
1069:, in Horst-RĂĽdiger Jarck / Gerhard Schildt (eds.),
215:in one of the most famous chess games ever played.
180:
170:
158:
134:
110:
87:
83:
73:
63:
55:
48:
34:
1174:"The Defamation Act 2013 – key changes for online"
611:Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
247:, while his father raised a volunteer corps, the
175:Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
239:, went to live with their maternal grandmother,
203:; 30 October 1804 – 18 August 1873), ruled the
827:Landgravine Karoline Luise of Hesse-Darmstadt
229:Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
8:
1067:Von der Restauration zur ReichsgrĂĽndungszeit
1011:The Unruly Queen: The Life of Queen Caroline
553:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
361:due to articles published about the Duke in
1109:Van der Krogt, René; Van der Krogt, Peter.
1196:
507:
502:Ancestors of Charles II, Duke of Brunswick
498:
40:
31:
1042:. London: Hurst and Blackett. p. 45.
947:Countess Palatine Caroline of ZweibrĂĽcken
795:Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden
527:Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
585:Princess Philippine Charlotte of Prussia
1000:
437:of Duke William by the French sculptor
1054:Geschichte des Herzogtums Braunschweig
889:Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
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769:Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden
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211:," defeated by American chess master
59:16 June 1815 – 9 September 1830
7:
348:annexation of the Kingdom of Hanover
433:by various sculptors, and a bronze
233:Princess Marie of Baden (1782–1808)
1172:Agate, Jennifer (September 2013).
241:Princess Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
140:Charles Frederick Augustus William
25:
1073:, Braunschweig 2000, pp. 753–766.
1056:, Braunschweig 1908, pp. 465–474.
1036:Duncombe, Thomas H., ed. (1868).
673:Princess Augusta of Great Britain
258:Princess Augusta of Great Britain
1098:. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
1095:Dictionary of National Biography
201:Karl II, Herzog von Braunschweig
1201:Charles II, Duke of Brunswick
705:Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
369:war between France and Germany
1:
731:Charles II, Duke of Brunswick
476:) established a precedent in
231:. In April 1808, his mother,
193:Charles II, Duke of Brunswick
148:Karl Friedrich August Wilhelm
1334:
1313:Nobility from Braunschweig
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647:Frederick, Prince of Wales
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1288:House of Brunswick-Bevern
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445:and lions, also by Cain.
411:Charles William Ferdinand
165:House of Brunswick-Bevern
139:
130:
39:
1111:"The Brunswick Monument"
1089:"Gregory, Barnard"
1115:statues.vanderkrogt.net
853:Princess Marie of Baden
487:The Defamation Act 2013
375:, where he died in the
371:broke out, he moved to
185:Princess Marie of Baden
1008:Fraser, Flora (1996).
478:English defamation law
398:
200:
147:
105:Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
18:Duke Karl of Brunswick
396:
1211:Cadet branch of the
324:German Confederation
251:, to fight with the
227:, the eldest son of
223:Charles was born in
1135:. 20 November 1875.
1129:"Duke of Brunswick"
468:The Weekly Dispatch
352:Austro-Prussian War
1283:Dukes of Brunswick
1278:Dethroned monarchs
1152:rictornorton.co.uk
1133:Appleton's Journal
473:Brunswick v Harmer
399:
389:Brunswick Monument
383:Brunswick Monument
379:in 1873, aged 68.
327:than 1,000 years.
316:Congress of Vienna
293:Kingdom of Hanover
249:Black Brunswickers
205:Duchy of Brunswick
1266:
1265:
1257:Succeeded by
1250:Duke of Brunswick
1243:Frederick William
1065:Gerhard Schildt:
992:
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435:equestrian statue
377:Beau-Rivage Hotel
190:
189:
154:
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68:Frederick William
50:Duke of Brunswick
29:Duke of Brunswick
16:(Redirected from
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1293:German Lutherans
1240:Preceded by
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1146:Norton, Rictor.
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1014:. Anchor Books.
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1260:William VIII
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1167:
1155:. Retrieved
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1084:Boase, G. C.
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1026:(Chapter 10)
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451:Swiss Francs
447:
439:Auguste Cain
400:
367:. After the
364:The Satirist
362:
356:
345:
329:
320:
310:fidei commis
308:
302:
277:guardianship
274:
222:
192:
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142:
116:(1873-08-19)
26:
1303:1873 deaths
1298:1804 births
427:sarcophagus
423:Jean Franel
213:Paul Morphy
125:Switzerland
64:Predecessor
1272:Categories
1254:1815–1830
996:References
387:See also:
262:Blackheath
245:GlĂĽckstadt
209:Opera Game
94:1804-10-30
35:Charles II
1157:16 August
494:Ancestors
407:mausoleum
337:Brunswick
272:in 1814.
253:Austrians
225:Brunswick
219:Biography
101:Brunswick
74:Successor
443:chimeras
297:majority
291:and the
266:Vauxhall
401:In his
341:William
287:of the
237:William
78:William
1225:
1181:Farrer
1018:
482:Google
461:Legacy
419:Verona
373:Geneva
283:, the
281:George
197:German
181:Mother
171:Father
144:German
121:Geneva
1227:Died:
1220:Born:
1177:(PDF)
243:, in
160:House
135:Names
56:Reign
1159:2016
1016:ISBN
945:15.
887:14.
825:13.
767:12.
703:11.
645:10.
403:will
111:Died
88:Born
913:7.
851:3.
793:6.
729:1.
671:5.
609:2.
583:9.
551:4.
525:8.
417:in
279:of
260:at
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