701:
959:
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Hitler had been telephoned by future
British Foreign Secretary, Lord Halifax, regarding Germany's expansionist policies. Halifax had pressed the benefits of a mutual understanding between their two countries. The Windsors' visit soon after, says Sebba, probably encouraged Hitler to see Edward as an ally. Edward later said that he had thought Hitler was "a somewhat ridiculous figure, with his theatrical posturings and his bombastic pretensions", and he denied to his wife that he and Hitler had discussed politics at all. The Duke's interpreter, Dudley Forwood, also put down his different recollection of what was said by writing how "my Master said to Hitler the Germans and the British races are one, they should always be one. They are of Hun origin."
1128:
816:
455:
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conversely, suggests that while the trip may have been "ill-advised and ill-timed ... not a crime". Vickers, similarly, suggests that while the tour may have helped fuel the theory that the Duke was a Nazi, "he was no such thing. But he was naive, and having been brought up with people to advise him all his life until
December 1936 he was hardly competent or equipped to deal with men like Hitler. Nor should he have undertaken this trip independently."
514:
alter things whenever he has encountered injustice ... Yet he is not satisfied with the extent of his knowledge. He is determined to continue, with more time at his disposal, his systematic study of this subject and to devote his time to the betterment of the life of the masses ... He believes his is the surest way to peace. For himself he proposes to begin soon with a study of housing and working conditions in many countries ...
631:, to condemn the tour. Hardinge agreed and described it as a "private stunt for publicity purposes". He also reasoned that the premise of the tour was flawed: neither the Duke nor his visit, he said, could "obviously ... bring any benefit to the workers themselves". Ley proposed to hold Nazi rallies at each stop on the Windsors' tour, but the Duke had vetoed it on the grounds that it constituted anti-British propaganda.
812:, Hans Sopple, later described events, saying Ley "drove the car through the locked gates and then raced up and down at full speed between the barracks, scaring hell out of the workers and nearly running over several. The next day Hitler told Göring to take over the Duke's visit before Ley killed him." That was not, comments Morton, "at all what the Duke had in mind when he described the nature of a royal tour to his wife".
648:, wrote to him, "dear David! I hear that you are coming to Germany ... I naturally would be delighted if you could take this opportunity to see me; perhaps I could introduce you to a couple of interesting personalities whom you otherwise wouldn't meet". Hitler and Ribbentrop planned that although the tour was a private rather than state visit, the Windsors, particularly the Duchess, would effectively undertake a
33:
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229:
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in enemy hands. There are personal and family difficulties about his return to this country. In all the circumstances it was felt that an appointment abroad might appeal to him, and the Prime
Minister has with His Majesty's cordial approval offered him the Governorship of the Bahamas. His Royal Highness has intimated that he will accept the appointment.
1019:
was, so far as I could see, nothing whatever to indicate whether the Duke of
Windsor really sympathised with the ideology and practices of the Third Reich, as Hitler seemed to assume he did. Apart from some appreciative words for the measures taken in Germany in the field of social welfare, the Duke did not discuss political questions.
674:. Also waiting was the British Embassy's Third Secretary to present a letter informing the Duke that the Embassy would not be available to assist him or his wife formally in the course of their visit. Ogilvie-Forbes later visited the Duke in his hotel to pay the personal respects that he had been unable to pay him in public.
738:
reciprocate, describing him as "a tiny, wispy gnome with an enormous skull", but Magda, she continued, was "the prettiest woman I saw in
Germany". The Windsors dined with his cousin the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha on the 19th. The Duke later recalled that the dinner was attended by over 100 guests, many whom he had "
1276:
Bedaux, who, Vincent suggests, intended to use the Duke to regain possession of his confiscated German business, was irreparably damaged by the fallout from the
Windsors' tour. In 1938, his German businesses were confiscated by the Nazis permanently. His reputation also suffered in America, where his
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Hitler was evidently making an effort to be as amicable as possible towards the Duke, whom he regarded as
Germany's friend, having especially in mind a speech the Duke had made some years before, extending the hand of friendship to Germany's ex-servicemen's associations. In these conversations, there
1569:, a "habitual drunkard", who had lost jobs on that account before. Peter Allen comments that Ley "spoke with such a naturally slurred speech that it was said to be difficult to tell whether he was drunk or not". The Duchess later described Ley as "a drunkard, a fanatic, quarrelsome, a four-flusher ".
1043:
argues that Hitler seems to have been flattered that the
Windsors wanted to see him. Weidemann later said that he had rarely seen Hitler "so relaxed and animated as during that visit". The meeting concerned the British government since it appeared to be almost an informal summit. Three days earlier,
823:
Bloch describes the couple's itinerary as an "exhausting" series of visits to industrial and housing areas. A letter from the
Duchess confirms that although the tour was interesting, it involved walking "miles a day through factories", including one that produced lightbulbs. Among other sights, they
598:
In accordance with the Duke of
Windsor's message to the world press last June that he would release any information of interest regarding his plans or movements, His Royal Highness makes it known that he and the Duchess of Windsor are visiting Germany and the United States in the near future for the
364:
Edward stated that his intention for the visit as "without any political considerations and merely as an independent observer studying industrial and housing conditions". He said that one could not ignore what was happening in Germany "even though it may not have one's entire approval". The Duke was
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The legal historian Graeme Watts notes that officially, Edward never took his coronation oath, but he "gave royal assent to Acts throughout his 325-day reign, including the Act which ended it", and that "taking the oath is neither a prerequisite to the accession to the Crown nor to provision of the
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The position of the Duke of Windsor in recent months has been causing His Majesty and His Majesty's Government some embarrassment as though his loyalties are unimpeachable there is always a backwash of Nazi intrigue which seeks to make trouble about him now that the greater part of the continent is
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In 1966, the Duke described his memories of meeting Hitler, who had, Edward said, "made me realize that Red Russia was the only enemy and that Great Britain and all of Europe had an interest in encouraging Germany to march against the east and to crush communism once and for all ... I thought
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The Windsors' German tour made little impact on the British public, and the main criticism seems to have been the failure to keep the low profile that he had promised. Churchill, for example, wrote to the Duke to imply that there had been little notice taken of the Nazi aspect and that he was "glad
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noted in his diary that he expected Edward to return sooner rather than later as "a social-equalising king, inaugurate an English form of fascism and an alliance with Germany". To the British ruling class, comments Morton, the Windsors' "farrago was greeted with undisguised glee". On the other side
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He had put himself hopelessly in the wrong by starting his visit with a preliminary tour in Germany where he was, of course, photographed fraternizing with the Nazi, the Anti-Trade Unionist and the Jewbaiter. Poor little man. He has no sense of his own and no friends with any sense to advise him. I
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boasted about the number and the quality of the people who wanted to see the Nazis' social programme first hand, and it wrote that "the Duke of Windsor, too, has come to convince himself personally of the energy with which the new Germany has tackled her social problems". The German government took
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The tour culminated on 22 October, when they met Hitler at the Berghof. It is possible that the meeting was a last-minute addition to their itinerary, as they were supposedly told of it only the previous day, although Allen suggests that this was unlikely, as Hitler had expressed a wish to meet the
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I have travelled the world and my upbringing has made me familiar with the great achievements of mankind, but that which I have seen in Germany, I had hitherto believed to be impossible. It cannot be grasped, and is a miracle; one can only begin to understand it when one realizes that behind it all
271:
states that although with hindsight, the tour can be viewed as a poor decision, it was not out of place for the time. He notes that "war was still two years away, curiosity about the Nazis was intense, and many respectable people accepted government invitations. It was fashionable to go to Germany
146:
The British government was unable to affect the course of events and forbade its diplomatic staff in Germany from having any high-level interaction with the Windsors. British popular opinion of the tour was muted, and most people viewed it as in poor taste and disrupting the first year of George's
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When the Nazis were dealing with a useful fool, they could never quite disguise an element of contempt in their language; when they met a rogue, their words betray a shared contempt for others. There is nothing of this in the descriptions of the Duke's conversations in Berlin or the later wartime
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and attended by high-ranking Nazi officials. Petropoulos comments that although there are no records of what may have been discussed at the dinner, "it is striking that the Duke and Hess, both future advocates of a negotiated peace, had the opportunity to spend the evening together and review the
920:
had already begun. On each visit, the couple were presented with enthusiastic workers keen to extol their working conditions to the Duke. He, in turn, was at his most charming, says Hichens. On one occasion, he joined a session of rowdy drinking songs in a staff beer garden, where he wore a false
791:
suggests allowed them to choreograph it. Hichens, too, notes that the Windsors "saw only what the Nazis wanted them to see, and the Duke saw what he wanted to see turning a blind eye on the horrors of Nazidom". For example, according to Morton, they visited a barracks of apparently-empty concrete
513:
The Duke of Windsor is very much interested in your proposal that he lead a movement so essentially international. We all know that as Prince of Wales and as King, he has always been keenly interested in the lot of the working man and he has not failed to show both his distress and his resolve to
462:
Edward himself later contextualised his position in the 1930s as being a reaction to what he termed "the unending scenes of horror" of the First World War. He said that led him to support appeasement with Hitler. The latter is known to have seen the Duke as an ally, believing that as king, Edward
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According to Sebba, Edward promised to refrain from making speeches so that his words could not be used against him by critics. Some scholars, such as Bradford, believe the visit to be directly the result of "pro-German and even more pro-Nazi" views. German people who witnessed the Duke on tour,
803:
Although the couple were in Germany at Ley's personal invitation, he was a poor host. Bloch describes him as coarse, "addicted to alcohol high-speed driving", and risqué jokes. Hichens views Ley as "loud-mouthed", brutal and a "particularly odious Nazi thug." On one journey, he was drunk at the
737:
respectively. After their meeting, Goebbels wrote in his diary that "the duke is wonderfulâa nice, sympathetic fellow who is open and clear and with a healthy understanding of people ... It's a shame he is no longer king. With him we would have entered into an alliance." The Duchess did not
532:
in late September. The same month, the Duchess wrote to her aunt in Washington that they were planning a trip to observe European working conditions. The Duchess explained that "the Duke is thinking of taking up some sort of work in that direction. The trip is being arranged by Germany's No. 1
677:
A welcoming crowd of approximately 2,000 lined the streets outside the station. The German media had set great store by the Windsors' visit from the beginning. As the Windsors were leaving, the crowd surged forward, and a crush ensued. That, noted Cadbury, destroyed the "majestic air" of the
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Sebba explains Edward's lack of judgement by the fact that while he had been able to call on a wide spectrum of counsel as Prince of Wales, he now had only his wife and acquaintances. Powell, similarly, believes that Edward's reputation "was at the mercy of unscrupulous strangers". Ziegler,
686:
Pathé caught the moment they emerged from the station into a large crowd that had gathered determined to see this unique couple: a king who had thrown away the greatest throne in the world for love, and the woman herself, who must possess some magical quality. Dr Ley, the head of the German
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reported on 23 October that in its view, the German tour, "demonstrated adequately that the Abdication did rob Germany of a firm friend, if not indeed a devoted admirer, on the British throne. He has lent himself, perhaps unconsciously, but easily to National Socialist propaganda." Another
1006:, was not present: whenever he entertained guests of high rank, she had to stay in her bedroom until they had left. The Windsors made a good impression on Hitler, suggests Hichens; the Duchess later wrote how she was both "fascinated and repelled" by Hitler. Hitler, comments historian
1074:
Windsors' tour". Ilse Hess later told how at one point, the Duke and her husband had been gone for over an hour. She found them in an upstairs games room. There, Hess had a large collection of model ships, and he and the Duke were "excitedly" re-enacting a World War I naval battle.
1034:
The Duchess was visibly impressed with the FĂŒhrer's personality, and he apparently indicated that they had become fast friends by giving her an affectionate farewell. took both their hands in his saying a long goodbye, after which he stiffened to a rigid Nazi salute that the Duke
989:
The Duke and the Duchess had to wait before Hitler was ready to see them although, notes Vickers, he was in a genial mood when he did. The two men had an hour-long discussion, with Hitler doing most of the talking. The Duke is known to have encouraged Hitler in Germany's desired
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advantage as soon as the Duke and Duchess departed. Ogilvie-Forbes reported that Ley had already announced that Edward had praised Hitler's leadership. Hitler subsequently asserted that Simpson, in his opinion, would have been a good queen. Hitler believed Edward understood the
372:
suggests that his views "had caused offence in England because, according to opinion there, such matters were not the concern of the throne". Statements such as that one, scholar Adrian Philips emphasises, were intended to deflect from Edward's public relationship with Simpson.
75:
and married Wallis Simpson in June 1937. He appeared to have been sympathetic to Germany in this period and, that September, announced his intention to travel privately to Germany to tour factories. His interests, officially researching the social and economic conditions of the
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describes it as "the worst blunder of his career". Roberts calls the tour "fantastically ill-judged", and Bloch notes that the Duke's political contemporaries were all in agreement that starting the tour in Nazi Germany at such a time was nothing short of "disastrous". Scholar
349:, attempted to dissuade him from going. The intervention of an old friend of the Duchess, Herman Rogers, against the trip also proved unsuccessful. The government already suspected that Edward had "strong views on his right to intervene in affairs of state", argues historian
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moustache and played skittles. The couple were regularly greeted with the Nazi salute, which they sometimes reciprocated (that was not unusual, and most visitors to Germany, including sports teams, then made the salute). The couple were welcomed at each venue by both the
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British diplomatic missions in Germany and the United States were "forbidden to put him up in the house, or to give him a dinner, though they may give him a bite of luncheon, or to present him officially to anyone, or to accept invitations from him, except for a bite of
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correspondent wrote that "the poor fellow must have very little discretion and must be very badly advised. His going to Germany and hobnobbing with Hitler and Ley just before visiting America was enough to enrage every liberal organization in the country."
896:
was shown as annexed to Germany. Cadbury quotes Simpson: "Göring's face wrinkled with amusement ... The Austrians would want to be part of the Reich", he had said. Simpson noted that "the moment passed, the statement left unchallenged" by the Duke.
499:
had suggested that the Duke take a tour of Germany, which was soon intended to be the first of several planned international tours. Bedaux offered to organise the Duke's side of the arrangements. Solbert had been with Edward on his 1924 tour of the
1175:
The most positive aspect of the visit, comments Powell, "was that it had been well-organised, albeit for the benefits of the hosts". Philips calls the tour "an embarrassment at best, and at worse, glaring proof of his complete lack of judgement".
883:
and gymnasium, where, although dressed in full uniform and decorations, he demonstrated his massage machine. The three conversed in Göring's study, where Edward noticed a new, official map of Nazi Germany on the wall. Reflecting the party's
299:, visited to do so, at Göring's invitation, the following month. Halifax's trip was "ostensibly ... a social one", but it was also an opportunity for the British government to initiate talks with Hitler, according to modern historian
1235:
Whereas the Duke, Duchess and I had no idea that the Germans were or would be committing mass murder on the Jews, we were none of us averse to Hitler politically. We felt that the Nazi regime was a more appropriate government than the
1023:
Forwood disagrees with Schmidt's recollection and says that the Duke raised criticisms of Nazi social policy. Forwood also says that at the same time, Forwood accused Schmidt of mistranslating for Hitler and that Forwood interjected
504:
and had been impressed by his gravitas and professional demeanour. That led him to suggest to the Duke that he should "head up and consolidate the many and varied peace movements throughout the world". Swedish millionaire
643:
suggests that the German government believed that Edward had been forced to abdicate as a result of his pro-German views, which encouraged them to "lay out the red carpet" for him. On 10 October, the Duke's cousin, the
163:, in early 1936. Almost immediately, he announced his intention to marry Wallis Simpson, a twice-divorced American. On political and moral grounds, she was unacceptable as a royal consort to the British government and
1082:
The British government vainly tried to control public relations during the visit. Cadbury notes how a former English king "turning up in ... Berlin was an unexpected bonus" for German diplomacy. German newspaper
171:, which forbade the divorced from remarrying during the lifetime of their former spouses, and both of Simpson's previous husbands were still alive. The proposed marriage was believed by critics to breach Edward's
5956:
467:. Albert Speer later said that Hitler was certain that "through him permanent friendly relations could have been achieved. If he had stayed, everything would have been different." The Duke, suggests biographer
214:
Modern, progressive, vigorous, and accessible. Even his mock Cockney accent with a touch of American seemed more down-to-earth and unaffected than the disdainful patrician tones of a man like Foreign Secretary
1547:
wrote. Deborah Cadbury suggests that Hitler first learned of Edward's German sympathies in 1936. His cousin, Charles Edward of Saxe-Coburg, was spying for Hitler in London, and learned much from Edward, says
139:. The Duke had a long private conversation with Hitler, but it is uncertain what they discussed, as the minutes of their meeting were lost during the war. The Duchess took afternoon tea with Hitler's deputy,
1423:
He was less so of its people of whom he said that "the Germans as a race ... are fat, stolid, unsympathetic, intensely military, and all the men have huge cigars sticking out of their faces at all
147:
reign. The tour of Germany was intended to have been followed by one of the United States, but Nazi repression of working-class activists in Germany led to a wave of disapproval for the Windsors in the
151:, which led to the U.S. visit being cancelled. Modern historians tend to consider the 1937 tour as a reflection of both the Duke's lack of judgment and his disregard for the advice that he received.
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or "wrongly translated!" The Duke departed, he believed, under the impression that Hitler was a pacifist. An observer describes how they returned to their car and were escorted by their host:
84:
refused to sanction such a role, opposed the tour and suspected that the Nazis would use the Duke's presence for propaganda. Prince Edward was keen for his wife, who had been rejected by the
1002:, later said that the Duchess had organised the meeting with Hitler and that being excluded from it had angered her. At the end of their visit, the three had tea together. Hitler's partner,
334:, that the Duke's plan was "a bombshell, and a bad one". George took particular umbrage because on abdication, Edward had said that he intended to avoid public appearances. Royal biographer
1189:, for exampleânotes that while attracting a great deal of comment, they "could not compete with the Duke and Duchess of Windsor ... in terms of celebrity and sheer inappropriateness".
435:
also monitored her throughout the period and concluded that she had Nazi sympathies. It had been rumoured that she and Joachim von Ribbentrop had a sexual relationship during his tenure as
1287:
The American trip had been intended to demonstrate the Duke's leadership qualities, and its cancellation was sufficiently traumatic to induce him to retire temporarily from public life.
576:
Powell suggests that Edward found the German government's response to be sufficiently sympathetic to proceed without delay. In late September, he received a personal invitation from Dr
697:
The couple were treated like royalty by the German aristocracy, which "would bow and curtsy towards , and she was treated with all the dignity and status that the Duke always wanted".
524:
The tour of Germany was planned to be a brief visit of 12 days but was to be followed by a longer one of the U.S. The German side of things was organised by Hitler's adjutant, Captain
537:
suggests that Edward believed himself to be able to influence Hitler and avert war in Europe. If that was the case, says Vickers, Edward "severely overestimated his own importance".
616:
1587:
In those aspirations, the Duke was in the company of a large swathe of the British ruling class since the same view was taken by Lloyd George and Lord Halifax, aristocrats such as
1163:, meanwhile, stated that Edward had received "the kind of reception that only the old kings of Bavaria could expect". The reaction in Germany, according to the British attaché in
5813:
1450:
files back this story, but Cadbury notes that they have not so far surfaced in the archives. Higham's works have been criticised by commentators, with his generally-unauthorised
1265:
and anti-Nazi activity; their deaths swung popular opinion against the Duke and the Duchess. Labour unions campaigned against the tour, particularly in the Duchess's hometown of
1167:, was that the tour had demonstrated the Duke's "strong pro-fascist sympathies". In the Soviet Union, the view was that the British royal family had "warm feelings" for Germany.
734:
1157:
reported how "His Royal Highness acknowledges with smiles and the National Socialist salute the greetings of the crowds gathered at his hotel and elsewhere during the day". The
760:
newspaper, reporting the couple's arrival, wrote that they could look forward to a "heavy programme" of events. The couple and their entourage, which included the Duke's cousin
929:
works. Allen suggests that this demonstrated a policy of pleasing the Duke through his wife. On a visit to one of Ley's GLF meetings Edward made a speech, telling the assembly:
835:
1277:
operations were forcibly taken over by a U.S.-based subordinate. The Duke's public connection to Bedaux, combined with the bad publicity, persuaded Edward to cancel the tour.
5803:
5783:
4698:"Edward VIII [Afterwards Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor] (1894â1972), King of Great Britain, Ireland, and the British Dominions Beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India"
341:
Contemporaries were aware of the negative connotations of a trip to Germany at the time. The announcement took everyone by surprise, and those sympathetic to Edward, such as
5720:
1249:
The Windsors returned to Paris on 24 October, with a fortnight to prepare for the tour of the United States. The week after the Windsors left Munich, the Nazis executed two
1206:
recollections of his actions and opinions. Instead, there is something one comes across only very rarely in Nazi utterances: genuine respect; the respect felt for an equal."
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Taliaferro, J. W.; Ripsman, N. M.; Lobell, S. E. (2012). "Introduction: Grand Strategy Between the World Wars". In Lobell, S. E.; Taliaferro, J. W.; Ripsman, N. M. (eds.).
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Edward realised that his family, the government, the Church, and the people would not support the marriage. Thus, in December 1936, he abdicated. His younger brother, the
4701:
994:. The minutes of the meeting appear to have been lost, presumably destroyed during the war. The Duchess did not join her husband but instead had tea with Hess. General
925:
and the British national anthems. The Nazis, researcher Peter Allen finds, knew the Duchess to have a keen interest in china, and as such, they included a trip to the
427:, commented in 1936 that he "is going the dictator way, and is pro-German". Simpson was also believed to hold similar views on account of her rejection by the British
1151:) wrote that "if the Duke wants to study social problems he had far better quietly read books and get advice in private, rather than put his foot in it in this way".
330:
George VI is said to have been horrified by his brother's entry into European political affairs at such a delicate time. George wrote to Edward's political advisor,
483:, points out that the only possible state visit was to Germany and also suggested that the Duke wished to prove to his wife that he had lost nothing by abdicating.
338:
suggests that the visit indicated that Edward had no intention of retiring: rather, he intended to behave independently of the King's and the government's wishes.
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was the daughter of a German princess; further, writes Petropoulos, "the Germanness of the British Royals dissipated very slowly". The family's official name was
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warned the Duke that the Nazis were propaganda experts; the Duke agreed but promised not to speak publicly while he was there. The government, argues historian
664:. They were greeted by Ley, who kissed her hand and called her "Your Highness". With Ley was a welcoming delegation including Ribbentrop and the deputy to the
471:, probably wanted to restore the countries' close ties, which had been broken by the First World War. He also wanted to make his new wife the centrepiece of a
700:
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reception that Ley had organised. With few of the crowd having seen them, the couple were driven away at high-speed in their Mercedes, to their hotel, the
607:
suggests that the British government knew that it could not prevent what was officially a visit by a private individual. In private, the news angered both
5372:
The Crawford Papers: The Journals of David Lindsay, Twenty-seventh Earl of Crawford and Tenth Earl of Balcarres (1871-1940), During the Years 1892 to 1940
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together. It is more likely, she claims, that the rooftop restaurant meetings involved men such as Wiedemann finalising the itinerary and other minutiae.
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Ley was an acquaintance of Bedaux, and they worked together throughout the 1930s in various enterprises of Bedaux's that had to run under Nazi oversight.
1231:
that we ourselves would be able to watch as the Nazis and the Reds would fight each other". His equerry, Forwood, said something similar in his memoirs:
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495:, whom Bloch describes as an "enigmatic time and motion tycoon". Edward was agreeable and saw it as a way of raising his profile. By April 1937, Colonel
440:
424:
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5290:"Windsor [nĂ©e Warfield; Other Married Names Spencer, Simpson], (Bessie) Wallis, Duchess of Windsor (1896â1986), Wife of Edward, Duke of Windsor"
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notes that they contain solely-unsubstantiated rumours and some that are very wild. Middlemas stated that on the contrary, she disliked von Ribbentrop.
1100:, and that he was a man with whom the Nazis could work. The tour may have given rise to later suspicions that in the event of a successful outcome to
958:
946:
6098:
431:, and many within the government suspected her to have spied for Hitler while she lived in Britain though she denied that in her autobiography. The
1273:. Unions said that they would not support the Windsors' visit and called them either "emissaries of a dictatorship or uninformed sentimentalists".
80:, were against the backdrop of looming war in Europe. The Duke's supporters saw him as a potential peacemaker between Britain and Germany, but the
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suggests Morton, did not see him "either publicly or privately, as a collaborator, appeaser or traitor to his country. Far from it." Scholar
544:, but the nature of their discussions remains unknown, which has encouraged what Cadbury terms colourful theories. One such, for example, by
464:
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Hermann Göring to keep the Nazi leadership informed of the Windsors' private opinions. The German government was funding the visit, which
81:
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1544:
361:, was concerned that the Duke would gather a party around him and promote his own personal foreign policy, outside government control.
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was Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David, and he was commonly addressed by the last of his names by his family circle.
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Simpson, meanwhile, notes Morton, maintained the fiction in her letters to her friends and family that they were merely sightseeing.
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256:, there was a sense of political unease towards the future and an expectation of war although foreign policy remained predicated on
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wrote a conciliatory letter to the Windsors that expressed hope that the tour would eventually go ahead. After the outbreak of the
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delegation, wearing his brown Nazi uniform and for once not drunk, delighted them both by deferring to her as 'Her Royal Highness'.
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determines, who told him that the abdication "constituted a plot by the British Government to rid itself of a pro-German monarch".
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1010:, "mildly irritated the Duke by insisting on using an interpreter rather than speaking directly to him in German". Interpreter
475:. Historian Ted Powell suggests that the Duke would have visited any country that would accept his wife on his terms. Edward's
432:
219:. He remained an intriguing international celebrity, his marital turmoil only enhancing the iconic mystery surrounding the man.
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in 1939, says Bloch, the British government removed the Windsors from Europe for the war's duration. The Duke was appointed
32:
4926:. Prinz-Albert-Forschungen/Prince Albert Research Publications. Vol. IV. Munich: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 147â160.
92:
as his consort. He promised the government to keep a low profile, and the tour went ahead between 12 and 23 October 1937.
6108:
6039:
1616:
Bedaux was already unpopular in America for his known close associations with the Nazis, and during the war, an aide to
901:
841:
252:, and Germany. Also, Germany was becoming increasingly aggressive and had spent the previous few years rearming. In the
443:, a former Austrian ambassador to the UK who was George V's second cousin, believed that both Windsors favoured German
17:
5647:
1540:
1086:
761:
545:
6123:
5745:
5581:
4062:
1250:
1011:
743:
436:
6029:
5715:
5556:
1339:
the following year; they divorced in May 1937. Spencer and Simpson did not die until 1950 and 1958, respectively.
1332:
1221:
876:
773:
241:
64:
974:
at the Foreign Office, 13 October 1937, in his first report on the Windsors' tour since their arrival in Germany
533:
gentleman so should be interesting". However she noted that at that stage, it was still only a proposal. Writer
6093:
6016:
793:
788:
679:
404:
194:, succeeded him as George VI, and Edward was given the title of Duke of Windsor. Edward and Simpson married in
5837:
709:
6118:
1127:
594:, on 20 September. A public announcement followed two weeks later. A telegram to the Foreign Office stated:
586:
420:
176:
6034:
6011:
5968:
5891:
5151:
1385:
395:] of many of our relations". He knew, too, that German blood "flowed strongly in him", and researcher
207:
124:
6006:
5898:
5788:
5755:
1291:
1148:
1066:
849:
591:
451:
in Europe. Edward also, according to the Count, favoured an alliance with Nazi Germany around the time.
408:
195:
660:
describes how the Duchess "covered in jewels ... did her best to look suitably royal", dressed in
815:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5869:
5853:
5549:
5370:
Vincent, J. (1984). "Appendix: The Duke of Windsor's Attempted Comeback, 1937". In Vincent J. (ed.).
4414:
1139:
1062:
804:
wheel of the Windsors' Mercedes while he was driving at speed and crashed them into the gates of the
717:
604:
164:
840:, Hitler's personal bodyguard. The Duchess did not accompany her husband everywhere; he visited the
5996:
1451:
1217:
1198:
1131:
995:
581:
529:
319:
261:
96:
509:
acted as a go-between for the Duke in the early discussions. Bedaux wrote to Solbert to tell him:
396:
107:
for the rearmament effort, and the Duke inspected German troops. The Windsors were greeted by the
6024:
5920:
5845:
5675:
4943:
The King Who Had to Go: Edward VIII, Mrs Simpson and the Hidden Politics of the Abdication Crisis
1617:
1279:
1101:
1047:
The Duke and Duchess spent the last night of their tour back in Munich, where they stayed at the
999:
277:
41:
5861:
767:
671:
5245:
5189:
The Challenge of Grand Strategy: The Great Powers and the Broken Balance between the World Wars
454:
5829:
5740:
5685:
5527:
5508:
5489:
5472:
5453:
5434:
5415:
5398:
5375:
5356:
5337:
5318:
5274:
5230:
5211:
5192:
5173:
5157:
5136:
5117:
5098:
5079:
5060:
5043:
5020:
5001:
4982:
4965:
4946:
4927:
4908:
4889:
4870:
4851:
4832:
4813:
4796:
4777:
4758:
4741:
4722:
4682:
4663:
4644:
4625:
4606:
4587:
4568:
4546:
4527:
4508:
4489:
4470:
4451:
4422:
4399:
4382:
4363:
4344:
4325:
4306:
4287:
4268:
4251:
4232:
4213:
4194:
4175:
4156:
4137:
4118:
4099:
4083:
4043:
4024:
4005:
1401:
926:
779:
612:
382:
369:
342:
300:
296:
281:
237:
168:
120:
108:
85:
5589:
4396:
The Third Reich in Power, 1933â1939: How the Nazis Won Over the Hearts and Minds of a Nation
1621:
1566:
1144:
1095:
657:
506:
480:
491:
A tour of Germany had been broached with the Duke before his wedding by French businessman
6001:
5945:
5939:
1578:
The annexation of Austria took place almost six months to the day later, on 12 March 1938.
1560:
1397:
1359:
1237:
1069:, a personal friend of the Duke's father. The main event was a dinner given by Rudolf and
922:
819:
Colourised postcard from 1911 of the Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft factory in UntertĂŒrkheim
525:
400:
358:
350:
331:
311:
288:
180:
116:
72:
4360:
Hitler's Last Chief of Foreign Intelligence: Allied Interrogations of Walter Schellenberg
4810:
Hitler's Mountain: The FĂŒhrer, Obersalzberg and the American Occupation of Berchtesgaden
5823:
I've danced with a man, who's danced with a girl, who's danced with the Prince of Wales
5611:
4560:
1634:
1600:
1513:
1504:
1499:
1411:
1389:
1336:
1040:
1007:
853:
825:
721:
608:
553:
492:
392:
335:
253:
56:
4191:
Travellers in the Third Reich: The Rise of Fascism Through the Eyes of Everyday People
6087:
5974:
5950:
5885:
1434:
1224:
1177:
1159:
857:
705:
501:
496:
416:
268:
249:
136:
77:
4096:
The Conquerors: Roosevelt, Truman and the Destruction of Hitler's Germany, 1941â1945
584:(GLF). Edward first indicated that he intended to accept in a letter to the British
6044:
5991:
5680:
5623:
1596:
1473:
1312:
1295:
1258:
1254:
1105:
905:
880:
809:
756:
534:
428:
304:
245:
216:
191:
132:
128:
60:
45:
5114:
Soccer under the Swastika: Stories of Survival and Resistance during the Holocaust
4922:
Petropoulos, J. (2008). "The Hessens and the British Royals". In Urbach K. (ed.).
652:. That was first demonstrated on their arrival, early Monday morning, at Berlin's
4341:
Royal Mistresses of the House of Hanover-Windsor: Secrets, Scandals and Betrayals
4303:
Princes at War: The British Royal Family's Private Battle in the Second World War
796:. When the Duke enquired as to their purpose, Ley replied, wrote Forwood later, "
260:. Baldwin resigned as prime minister in May 1937 and was replaced by his deputy,
5572:
1454:
earning him a description as "the most unreliable writer on Hollywood politics".
1262:
1186:
1053:
866:
739:
720:. The night was attended by Speer with whom they discussed classical music, and
649:
557:
472:
412:
257:
140:
112:
89:
52:
37:
4058:
381:
Edward was an admirer of Germany and fluent in its language, which the Duke in
143:. Hitler was sympathetic to the Windsors and treated the Duchess like royalty.
1486:
1227:, "as a convinced monarchist did everything to keep the institution intact".
1216:
it all passed off with such distinction and success". The new prime minister,
1182:
1058:
991:
785:
730:
661:
577:
541:
468:
314:, ambassadors, government ministers, and European royals, at his residence in
273:
100:
5476:
5402:
5161:
5047:
4969:
4800:
4745:
4426:
4386:
4255:
4087:
879:. There, Hitler's deputy gave them high tea, followed by a tour of his large
272:
and visit Hitler in the mid-thirties just as it was to go to China and visit
6069:
5629:
4322:
Prince Albert and the University: The Prince Albert Sesquicentennial Lecture
1406:
1400:. The crisis came to a head in 1916, when London was bombed by a new German
1363:
1266:
1153:
1070:
1003:
887:
872:
845:
829:
800:'it is where they store the cold meat.' In a horrible sense that was true."
666:
448:
228:
95:
The Duke and the Duchess, who were officially invited to the country by the
68:
5034:
Schwoerer, L. G. (1970). "Lord Halifax's Visit To Germany: November 1937".
1516:, which conveyed precedence, could be used by the Duke but not the Duchess.
4867:
The Myth of the Good War: America in the Second World War, revised edition
4738:
The World of Walther Nernst: The Rise and Fall of German Science 1864â1941
599:
purpose of studying housing and working conditions in these two countries.
6062:
5617:
5585:
1642:
1638:
1270:
1220:, disagreed with the tour and privately worked against it, but, comments
1185:, comparing the meeting with Hitler with others that had taken placeâthe
726:
285:
160:
104:
1104:, a German invasion of Britain, the Duke would have been appointed as a
5353:
Behind Closed Doors: The Tragic, Untold Story of the Duchess of Windsor
1410:; the next year, George V changed the name to the "thoroughly British"
1164:
998:
acted as her interpreter. A friend of the Windsors, French millionaire
893:
568:
476:
444:
399:
speculates that Edward's ancestry led him to favour German culture. As
315:
280:, had visited Germany two years before the Windsors. The leader of the
4415:"Wallis Simpson, the Nazi Minister, the Telltale Monk and an FBI Plot"
4002:
British Politics and Foreign Policy in the Age of Appeasement, 1935â39
206:
and established their headquarters there. Internationally, journalist
1261:. They were widely admired in the American labour movement for their
917:
805:
716:
On their first night in Berlin, they joined Ribbentrop for dinner at
308:
199:
5957:
The Duke and Duchess of Windsor in conversation with Kenneth Harris
1366:
between the major powers reduced their political room to manoeuvre.
1536:
913:
909:
814:
699:
567:
549:
453:
227:
203:
31:
4848:
Wallis in Love: The Untold True Passion of the Duchess of Windsor
5877:
4284:
American Grand Strategy in the Mediterranean during World War II
4040:
Was Hitler a Riddle?: Western Democracies and National Socialism
3029:
3027:
2941:
2939:
2937:
1666:
5545:
3300:
3298:
3296:
1375:
Beaverbrook tried to persuade Windsor to make only the US tour.
5541:
3820:
3818:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3581:
3579:
3566:
3564:
3184:
3182:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3014:
3012:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2383:
2381:
1447:
863:
On 14 October, the Duke and the Duchess visited Göring at his
5469:
A King's Story: The Memoirs of H.R.H. the Duke of Windsor K.G
5374:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 616â621.
4719:
Neville Chamberlain, Appeasement, and the British Road to War
2960:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2876:
2874:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2410:
2408:
2284:
2282:
1472:
Hitler had been encouraged in that belief by von Ribbentrop,
236:
The European political background to the tour was tense. The
103:. The couple visited factories, many of which were producing
5273:. Vol. I. Translated by Chase, J. London: Bodley Head.
4905:
Royals and the Reich: The Princes von Hessen in Nazi Germany
4172:
Appeasing Hitler: Chamberlain, Churchill and the Road to War
2642:
2640:
2638:
1051:; the Duke received some personal guests. One of them was a
540:
Several contacts visited the Windsors at their Paris hotel,
458:
Stanley Baldwin, prime minister during the abdication crisis
5246:"Windsor, Duke of: From Mr. Ogilvie-Forbes (to Mr. Harvey)"
764:, travelled around Germany on Hitler's personal train, the
5057:
That Woman: The Life of Wallis Simpson, Duchess of Windsor
4021:
The Windsor Secret: New Revelations of the Nazi Connection
3247:
3245:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2578:
1543:, who was also a "useful ally" and "equally anti-French",
852:
to the Duke, and while there he met British racing driver
365:
sympathetic to the cause of improving working conditions.
353:, but its "main fears ... were of indiscretion". The
3781:
3779:
3145:
3143:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
2975:
2973:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
1112:
summed up the British establishment's views on the Duke:
572:
Robert Ley was the Windsors' chaperone during their tour.
99:, were chaperoned for much of their visit by its leader,
5191:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1 36.
5000:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
4507:(electronic ed.). Kibworth: Book Guild Publishing.
3431:
3429:
3356:
3354:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3085:
3083:
3081:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2147:
2145:
2091:
2089:
2087:
1535:
The Duke and Duchess of Saxe-Coburg were members of the
5431:
A Race with Love and Death: The Story of Richard Seaman
4829:
17 Carnations: The Windsors, the Nazis and the Cover-Up
4622:
Goering: The Rise and Fall of the Notorious Nazi Leader
3955:
3953:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1917:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1539:
and had maintained contact with Windsor's brother, the
303:. Similarly, Hitler hosted many non-Germans, including
159:
Edward VIII became king after the death of his father,
48:. Hitler treated the Duchess with full royal deference.
18:
Duke and Duchess of Windsor's 1937 tour of Germany
5315:
Terrible Exile: The Last Days of Napoleon on St Helena
2772:
2770:
1854:
1852:
1850:
198:
in June the following year, and having honeymooned in
4924:
Royal Kinship. Anglo-German Family Networks 1815â1918
1681:
1679:
992:
territorial expansion into Central and Eastern Europe
5505:
Nazi Wives: The Women at the Top of Hitler's Germany
5059:(electronic ed.). New York: St Martin's Press.
4945:(electronic ed.). London: Biteback Publishing.
4584:
Military Trains and Railways: An Illustrated History
4565:
British Political Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary
1508:
just before the couples' marriage, and known as the
1134:
was prime minister during the Windsors' German tour.
1117:
hope this will give him a sharp and salutary lesson.
240:, which had broken out the previous year, upset the
5984:
5931:
5812:
5771:
5703:
5663:
5604:
5597:
4486:
Mrs Simpson: Secret Lives of the Duchess of Windsor
4117:(1st American ed.). New York: Coward, McCann.
4078:Beaverbrook, M. A. (1966), Taylor, A. J. P. (ed.),
4042:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
1396:, which caused acute publicity problems during the
4229:Edward VIII (Penguin Monarchs): The Uncrowned King
1067:Adolphus Frederick VI of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
167:. As king, Edward was the titular governor of the
4643:(electronic ed.). New York: The Dial Press.
4641:Magda Goebbels: The First Lady of the Third Reich
1335:in 1916; they divorced in 1927. She then married
1143:of the parliamentary divide, the Labour Party MP
71:had become king. Edward had been given the title
4343:(electronic ed.). Melbourne: Pirgos Press.
3384:
3134:
1304:
1233:
1203:
1114:
1032:
1016:
931:
684:
617:Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office
596:
552:Hitler's deputy, Rudolf Hess, Hess's assistant
519:Charles Bedaux to Oscar Solbert, 23 August 1937
511:
212:
5229:. The Third Reich. New York: Time-Life Books.
5170:The Germanic Isle: Nazi Perceptions of Britain
3396:
1633:The island of St Helena, in the middle of the
808:factory that they were visiting. One of Ley's
792:buildings that they later realised had been a
5636:Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood
5557:
2336:
1841:
1433:Those records were released in 2002 although
1302:. Churchill wrote to Roosevelt in July 1940:
848:alone, which was intended to showcase German
115:. They dined with high-ranking Nazis such as
8:
4505:Abdication: The Rise and Fall of Edward VIII
1558:
1093:
1084:
1025:
885:
864:
833:
828:in a workers' concert hall, and inspected a
777:
765:
386:
276:in the sixties". The former prime minister,
183:'s government would almost certainly resign
5317:(electronic ed.). London: Bloomsbury.
4850:(electronic ed.). New York: Hachette.
4831:(electronic ed.). New York: Hachette.
4721:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
4700:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
4450:. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin.
4305:(electronic ed.). London: Bloomsbury.
4059:"When the Duke of Windsor met Adolf Hitler"
3621:
3263:
3110:
3018:
3003:
2899:
2880:
2853:
2841:
2497:
2399:
2324:
2288:
1805:
1697:
528:, with final preparations discussed at the
179:. Edward knew that if he forced the issue,
5981:
5601:
5564:
5550:
5542:
1656:
441:Albert von Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein
5172:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4413:Evans, R. J.; Hencke, D. (29 June 2002).
4324:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4286:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3236:
3033:
2533:
2509:
2225:
2213:
2163:
2054:
1953:
548:, suggests that on one occasion the Duke
411:, and he had toured Germany twice before
210:stated that the Duke was viewed as being
5524:King Edward VIII: The Official Biography
5389:Watt, G. (2017). "The Coronation Oath".
4812:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland.
4586:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland.
4398:(electronic ed.). London: Penguin.
4231:(electronic ed.). London: Penguin.
4212:(electronic ed.). London: Penguin.
3908:
3758:
3710:
3657:
3555:
3122:
3089:
2945:
2865:
2588:
2312:
2237:
2119:
1977:
1965:
1941:
1929:
1837:
1781:
1126:
772:, while their telephones were bugged by
754:The Berlin correspondent of the British
724:and Joseph Goebbels, who were Germany's
5294:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
4448:Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years
4263:Bryan, J. M.; Murphy, C. J. V. (1979).
4004:. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
3809:
3797:
3722:
3609:
3543:
3531:
3519:
3483:
3408:
3304:
3251:
3212:
3188:
3161:
3072:
3045:
2979:
2928:
2793:
2761:
2557:
2461:
2426:
2387:
2372:
2360:
2300:
2273:
2261:
2249:
2182:
2107:
2095:
2078:
2042:
1858:
1833:
1829:
1817:
1721:
1675:
1324:
415:broke out in 1914. One of his friends,
377:Political views of the Duke and Duchess
5892:Christmas special: "The London Season"
4134:The Secret File of the Duke of Windsor
3971:
3932:
3824:
3785:
3770:
3698:
3674:
3633:
3597:
3507:
3447:
3372:
3328:
3287:
3275:
3224:
3200:
3173:
3149:
2991:
2916:
2749:
2737:
2725:
2629:
2617:
2521:
2485:
2151:
2066:
2030:
1905:
1870:
1512:, explicitly stated that the title of
1388:was German, and his great-grandmother
904:, where they observed the training of
5300:from the original on 19 December 2018
4155:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
4065:from the original on 23 November 2016
3983:
3959:
3944:
3920:
3896:
3884:
3872:
3860:
3848:
3836:
3746:
3734:
3686:
3645:
3585:
3570:
3495:
3471:
3435:
3420:
3360:
3345:
3316:
2816:
2776:
2713:
2701:
2689:
2677:
2658:
2600:
2569:
2414:
2201:
2136:
2018:
1989:
1918:Taliaferro, Ripsman & Lobell 2012
1893:
1769:
1757:
1745:
1733:
1709:
1685:
1240:, which had been extremely socialist.
291:met with Hitler in April 1937. Also,
7:
5116:. London: Rowman & Littlefield.
2964:
2646:
2545:
2473:
2438:
2348:
1793:
1360:late 1930s became increasingly tense
1311:The Duchess called the Bahamas "the
1138:Similarly, diplomat and soldier Sir
712:; Ley is in the light-coloured coat.
5691:Thelma Furness, Viscountess Furness
5336:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5210:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5076:Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth
5019:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
4981:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4907:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4795:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
4620:Manvell, R.; Fraenkel, H. (2011) .
4603:Doctor Goebbels: His Life and Death
4601:Manvell, R.; Fraenkel, H. (2010) .
4543:To Hell and Back: Europe, 1914â1949
4381:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
3459:
1557:Ley was a personal practitioner of
4979:King Edward VIII: An American Life
4080:The Abdication of King Edward VIII
1565:, and, according to the physicist
67:in December 1936, and his brother
25:
6134:Foreign relations of Nazi Germany
5414:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
5256:from the original on 16 June 2020
5133:Robert Ley: Hitler's Labor Leader
4704:from the original on 25 June 2020
4433:from the original on 20 July 2014
908:members. On an inspection of the
6104:GermanyâUnited Kingdom relations
5642:Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester
5484:Winter, G.; Kochman, W. (1990).
5433:. London: Simon & Schuster.
4681:. New York: Simon and Schuster.
4098:. New York: Simon and Schuster.
1660:Note (electronic editions only)
957:
945:
6099:1937 in international relations
5488:. New York: St Martin's Press.
5097:. Richmond Hill, Ontario: NDE.
1605:Governor of the Bank of England
1253:organisers and labour leaders:
704:The Duke of Windsor inspecting
175:, and weakened his position as
4964:. London: G. Allen and Unwin.
4869:. Toronto, ON: James Lorimer.
4250:. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
4248:Anschluss: The Rape of Austria
970:Letter from Ogilvie-Forbes to
824:saw a winter relief centre, a
53:Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor
1:
5526:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
5507:. Cheltenham: History Press.
5135:. New York: Berg Publishers.
4358:Doerries, R. R., ed. (2003).
1599:, as well as economists like
646:Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
6040:Prince of Wales Country Club
5471:. London: Cassell & Co.
5450:Hitler's Alpine Headquarters
4776:. New York: William Morrow.
4660:The Making of Modern Britain
1384:Windsor's great-grandfather
1014:later recalled the meeting:
902:Academy for Youth Leadership
842:Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft
735:Reich Minister of Propaganda
65:abdicated the British throne
63:in October 1937. Edward had
5671:Lady Rosemary Leveson-Gower
5648:Prince George, Duke of Kent
5452:. Barnsley: Pen and Sword.
4888:. London: Haus Publishing.
4624:. London: Frontline Books.
4582:Lepage, J-D. G. G. (2017).
4377:Donaldson, Frances (1974).
4246:Brook-Shepherd, G. (1963).
4210:George VI: The Dutiful King
4082:, London: Hamish Hamilton,
4023:. New York: Stein and Day.
3385:Manvell & Fraenkel 2011
3135:Manvell & Fraenkel 2010
1624:, believed him to be a spy.
1087:Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung
437:German ambassador in London
326:Royal and governmental view
6150:
6129:1937 in the United Kingdom
5612:Wallis, Duchess of Windsor
5582:King of the United Kingdom
5391:Ecclesiastical Law Journal
4960:Pope-Hennessy, J. (1959).
4774:Gary Cooper: American Hero
4755:A History of Modern Europe
4524:George VI: A New Biography
4057:BBC News (10 March 2016).
1362:in Europe, and an ongoing
1061:, who had previously been
916:, production of tanks and
860:team earlier in the year.
836:Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler
57:Wallis, Duchess of Windsor
6114:Abdication of Edward VIII
6057:
6030:Prince of Wales tea blend
5838:Edward & Mrs. Simpson
5579:
5271:Hitler: Ascent, 1889â1939
5208:English History 1914â1945
5206:Taylor, A. J. P. (1992).
4757:. New York: W.W. Norton.
4469:. London: Prentice Hall.
4136:. London: Little, Brown.
4115:The Duke of Windsor's War
4094:Beschloss, M. R. (2002).
2337:Winter & Kochman 1990
1333:Earl Winfield Spencer Jr.
1222:historian of Nazi Germany
856:, who had signed for the
774:Prince Christoph of Hesse
762:Prince Philipp von Hessen
487:Overture and organisation
5721:Instrument of Abdication
5095:Women of the Third Reich
4903:Petropoulos, J. (2006).
4808:Mitchell, A. H. (2007).
4753:Merriman, J. M. (1996).
4736:Mendelssohn, K. (1973).
4174:. London: Random House.
4000:Adams, R. J. Q. (1993).
1315:of the 1940s" for them.
934:is one man and one will.
463:would have strengthened
405:Magdalen College, Oxford
149:American labour movement
27:Political crisis in 1937
5833:(1965 documentary film)
5784:Official overseas trips
5244:TNA (13 October 1937).
5156:, New York: Macmillan,
5112:Simpson, K. E. (2016).
5093:Sigmund, A. M. (2000).
4865:Pauwels, J. R. (2015).
3019:Bryan & Murphy 1979
3004:Bryan & Murphy 1979
2854:Bryan & Murphy 1979
2498:Evans & Hencke 2002
2400:Bryan & Murphy 1979
2289:Bryan & Murphy 1979
1300:governor of the Bahamas
1049:Vier Jahreszeiten Hotel
656:on 11 October. Scholar
654:FriedrichstraĂe station
109:British national anthem
6035:Prince of Wales Trophy
6012:King Edward VIII Falls
5911:S2 E6: "Vergangenheit"
5355:. London: Hutchinson.
5334:Go-betweens for Hitler
5153:Inside the Third Reich
5015:Rose, Kenneth (1983).
4791:Middlemas, K. (1969).
4717:McDonough, F. (1998).
4677:Martin, R. G. (1973).
4639:Meissner, H. (1980) .
4605:. New York: Skyhorse.
4567:. New York: ABC-CLIO.
4526:. London: Hutchinson.
4153:The Duchess of Windsor
1808:, pp. 39â44, 122.
1559:
1309:
1242:
1208:
1135:
1125:
1094:
1085:
1037:
1026:
1021:
936:
886:
865:
834:
820:
778:
766:
746:and then his funeral.
713:
695:
623:, wrote to the King's
601:
573:
556:, and Hollywood actor
522:
465:Anglo-German relations
459:
439:during the mid-1930s.
387:
233:
221:
177:constitutional monarch
125:Joachim von Ribbentrop
49:
6007:Edward VIII Ice Shelf
5916:S3 E8: "Dangling Man"
5789:Prince of Wales riots
5756:1936 Birthday Honours
5486:Secrets of the Royals
5429:Williams, R. (2020).
5250:The National Archives
5227:The Center of the Web
4962:Queen Mary: 1867â1953
4941:Phillips, A. (2016).
4740:. London: Macmillan.
4662:. London: Macmillan.
4465:Hamilton, A. (1986).
4394:Evans, R. J. (2005).
4362:. London: Routledge.
4339:de Vries, S. (2012).
4320:Chadwick, O. (1998).
4282:Buchanan, A. (2014).
4208:Bradford, S. (2013).
4193:. New York: Pegasus.
4170:Bouverie, T. (2019).
1510:Depriving Act of 1937
1452:celebrity biographies
1292:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1149:London County Council
1140:Robert Bruce Lockhart
1130:
875:, where they saw his
850:precision engineering
832:SS squadron with the
818:
710:Ordensburg Krössinsee
703:
592:George Ogilvie-Forbes
571:
457:
447:as a bulwark against
409:Hermann Georg Fiedler
232:Map of Europe in 1923
231:
86:British establishment
35:
5854:Bertie and Elizabeth
5799:1937 Tour of Germany
5728:Abandoned coronation
5522:Ziegler, P. (1991).
5467:Windsor, E. (1951).
5412:A Century of Royalty
5351:Vickers, H. (2011).
5269:Ullrich, V. (2016).
5131:Smelser, R. (1988).
4998:The House of Windsor
4996:Roberts, A. (2000).
4884:Perkins, A. (2006).
4793:Baldwin: A Biography
4696:Matthew, H. (2004).
4541:Kershaw, I. (2015).
4522:Howarth, P. (1987).
4503:Hichens, M. (2016).
4446:Gilbert, M. (1982).
4301:Cadbury, D. (2015).
4267:. New York: Morrow.
4227:Brendon, P. (2016).
2057:, pp. 354, 374.
1595:and the rest of the
1448:British Intelligence
1122:The Earl of Crawford
1108:. In his diary, the
1063:Master of Ceremonies
744:his father's jubilee
605:Jonathan Petropoulos
403:, he had studied at
6109:October 1937 events
5997:Edward VIII Plateau
5862:Wallis & Edward
5814:Cultural depictions
5503:Wyllie, J. (2019).
5448:Wilson, J. (2013).
5332:Urbach, K. (2015).
5168:Strobl, G. (2000).
5078:. London: Picador.
5074:Sereny, G. (2016).
4977:Powell, T. (2018).
4846:Morton, A. (2018).
4827:Morton, A. (2015).
4772:Meyers, J. (1998).
4545:. London: Penguin.
4484:Higham, C. (2004).
3839:, pp. 117â118.
3399:, pp. 183â187.
3397:Brook-Shepherd 1963
3319:, pp. 463â464.
3164:, pp. 53, 228.
3036:, pp. 331â332.
3006:, pp. 389â390.
2856:, pp. 387â388.
2752:, pp. 204â205.
2716:, pp. 111â112.
2402:, pp. 171â172.
2081:, pp. 321â322.
1992:, pp. 112â113.
1873:, pp. 401â403.
1724:, pp. 305â307.
1502:, published in the
1446:Higham states that
1218:Neville Chamberlain
1201:agrees and writes:
1132:Neville Chamberlain
996:Ernst Wilhelm Bohle
582:German Labour Front
262:Neville Chamberlain
202:, they returned to
131:, and had tea with
97:German Labour Front
6025:Prince Edward Road
5971:(Surrey residence)
5965:(London residence)
5846:The Woman He Loved
5841:(1978 T.V. series)
5676:Marguerite Alibert
5313:Unwin, B. (2010).
5225:Time-Life (1990).
5150:Speer, A. (1970),
5055:Sebba, A. (2013).
4679:The Woman He Loved
4467:The Royal Handbook
4151:Bloch, M. (1996).
4132:Bloch, M. (1988).
4113:Bloch, M. (1983).
4019:Allen, P. (1984).
2764:, pp. 48, 54.
1842:Pope-Hennessy 1959
1760:, pp. 82, 92.
1637:, was the site of
1618:General Eisenhower
1280:The New York Times
1136:
1102:Operation Sea Lion
1027:"FalschĂŒbersetzt!"
1000:Paul-Louis Weiller
821:
794:concentration camp
714:
635:11â23 October 1937
580:, the head of the
574:
460:
278:David Lloyd George
234:
88:, to experience a
82:British government
50:
42:Duchess of Windsor
6124:Diplomatic visits
6079:
6078:
6053:
6052:
5977:(Paris residence)
5870:The King's Speech
5804:Death and funeral
5761:Privy Counsellors
5733:Special addresses
5699:
5698:
5686:Freda Dudley Ward
5586:British Dominions
5533:978-0-39457-730-2
5514:978-0-75099-362-3
5495:978-0-86051-706-1
5459:978-1-78303-004-0
5440:978-1-47117-936-5
5421:978-0-74781-488-7
5410:West, E. (2014).
5381:978-0-71900-948-8
5362:978-0-09193-155-1
5343:978-0-19870-366-2
5324:978-0-85771-733-7
5280:978-1-84792-285-4
5236:978-0-8094-6987-1
5217:978-0-19280-140-1
5198:978-1-13953-677-6
5179:978-0-5217-8265-4
5142:978-0-85496-161-0
5123:978-1-44226-163-1
5104:978-1-55321-105-1
5085:978-0-33047-629-4
5066:978-1-25002-218-9
5026:978-0-297-78245-2
5007:978-0-52022-803-0
4988:978-0-19251-456-1
4952:978-1-78590-157-7
4933:978-3-59844-123-3
4914:978-0-19979-607-6
4895:978-1-90495-060-8
4876:978-1-45940-872-2
4857:978-1-78243-723-9
4838:978-1-78243-465-8
4819:978-0-78642-458-0
4783:978-0-6881-549-43
4764:978-0-39396-888-0
4728:978-0-71904-832-6
4688:978-0-67121-810-2
4669:978-0-23074-524-7
4658:Marr, A. (2009).
4650:978-0-80376-212-1
4631:978-1-84832-600-2
4612:978-1-61608-029-7
4593:978-1-47666-760-7
4574:978-1-57607-043-7
4552:978-0-24118-715-9
4533:978-0-09171-000-2
4514:978-1-91132-041-8
4495:978-0-33042-678-7
4476:978-0-13783-358-0
4457:978-0-39531-869-0
4405:978-0-71819-681-3
4369:978-1-13577-289-5
4350:978-1-74298-269-4
4331:978-0-52163-756-5
4312:978-1-40884-509-7
4293:978-1-10704-414-2
4274:978-0-68803-553-2
4265:The Windsor Story
4238:978-0-24119-642-7
4219:978-0-24196-823-9
4200:978-1-78396-381-2
4189:Boyd, J. (2018).
4181:978-1-47354-775-9
4162:978-0-29783-590-5
4143:978-0-34900-108-1
4124:978-0-69811-177-6
4105:978-0-74324-454-1
4049:978-0-80478-459-7
4030:978-0-81282-975-4
4011:978-0-80472-101-1
3947:, pp. 79â80.
3749:, p. 39 n.3.
3048:, pp. 54â55.
2661:, pp. 79â80.
1980:, pp. 69â70.
1772:, pp. 62â67.
1748:, pp. 76â77.
1700:, pp. 28â33.
1673:
1672:
1394:Saxe-Coburg Gotha
1358:Politically, the
927:Meissen porcelain
877:miniature railway
780:Reichsstatthalter
776:on the orders of
625:Private Secretary
621:Robert Vansittart
613:Buckingham Palace
587:chargé d'affaires
370:Frances Donaldson
343:Winston Churchill
301:Lois G. Schwoerer
297:foreign secretary
238:Spanish Civil War
224:Political context
169:Church of England
16:(Redirected from
6141:
5982:
5921:S5 E3: "Mou Mou"
5906:S1 E3: "Windsor"
5602:
5590:Emperor of India
5566:
5559:
5552:
5543:
5537:
5518:
5499:
5480:
5463:
5444:
5425:
5406:
5385:
5366:
5347:
5328:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5284:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5240:
5221:
5202:
5183:
5164:
5146:
5127:
5108:
5089:
5070:
5051:
5030:
5011:
4992:
4973:
4956:
4937:
4918:
4899:
4880:
4861:
4842:
4823:
4804:
4787:
4768:
4749:
4732:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4692:
4673:
4654:
4635:
4616:
4597:
4578:
4556:
4537:
4518:
4499:
4480:
4461:
4442:
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4438:
4409:
4390:
4373:
4354:
4335:
4316:
4297:
4278:
4259:
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4223:
4204:
4185:
4166:
4147:
4128:
4109:
4090:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4053:
4034:
4015:
3987:
3981:
3975:
3969:
3963:
3957:
3948:
3942:
3936:
3930:
3924:
3918:
3912:
3906:
3900:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3876:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3852:
3846:
3840:
3834:
3828:
3822:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3756:
3750:
3744:
3738:
3732:
3726:
3720:
3714:
3708:
3702:
3696:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3672:
3661:
3655:
3649:
3643:
3637:
3631:
3625:
3622:Petropoulos 2006
3619:
3613:
3607:
3601:
3595:
3589:
3583:
3574:
3568:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3481:
3475:
3469:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3445:
3439:
3433:
3424:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3382:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3349:
3343:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3264:Mendelssohn 1973
3261:
3255:
3249:
3240:
3234:
3228:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3192:
3186:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3138:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3111:Petropoulos 2006
3108:
3093:
3087:
3076:
3070:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3031:
3022:
3016:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2977:
2968:
2962:
2949:
2943:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2903:
2900:Petropoulos 2006
2897:
2884:
2881:Petropoulos 2006
2878:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2842:Petropoulos 2006
2839:
2820:
2814:
2797:
2791:
2780:
2774:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2325:Petropoulos 2008
2322:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2186:
2180:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2140:
2134:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1845:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1806:Beaverbrook 1966
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1698:Beaverbrook 1966
1695:
1689:
1683:
1657:
1646:
1631:
1625:
1622:Harry C. Butcher
1614:
1608:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1570:
1567:Kurt Mendelssohn
1564:
1555:
1549:
1533:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1496:
1490:
1483:
1477:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1455:
1444:
1438:
1431:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1367:
1356:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1331:She had married
1329:
1296:Second World War
1145:Herbert Morrison
1123:
1110:Earl of Crawford
1099:
1090:
1029:
961:
949:
900:They visited an
891:
870:
839:
799:
786:modern historian
783:
771:
693:
658:Susanna de Vries
520:
507:Axel Wenner-Gren
390:
347:Lord Beaverbrook
244:and drew in the
242:balance of power
21:
6149:
6148:
6144:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6139:
6138:
6094:1937 in Germany
6084:
6083:
6080:
6075:
6049:
6019:Prince of Wales
6002:Edward VIII Bay
5980:
5946:Operation Willi
5940:Duke of Windsor
5927:
5808:
5767:
5711:Prime ministers
5695:
5659:
5593:
5575:
5570:
5540:
5534:
5521:
5515:
5502:
5496:
5483:
5466:
5460:
5447:
5441:
5428:
5422:
5409:
5388:
5382:
5369:
5363:
5350:
5344:
5331:
5325:
5312:
5303:
5301:
5287:
5281:
5268:
5259:
5257:
5243:
5237:
5224:
5218:
5205:
5199:
5186:
5180:
5167:
5149:
5143:
5130:
5124:
5111:
5105:
5092:
5086:
5073:
5067:
5054:
5033:
5027:
5014:
5008:
4995:
4989:
4976:
4959:
4953:
4940:
4934:
4921:
4915:
4902:
4896:
4883:
4877:
4864:
4858:
4845:
4839:
4826:
4820:
4807:
4790:
4784:
4771:
4765:
4752:
4735:
4729:
4716:
4707:
4705:
4695:
4689:
4676:
4670:
4657:
4651:
4638:
4632:
4619:
4613:
4600:
4594:
4581:
4575:
4559:
4553:
4540:
4534:
4521:
4515:
4502:
4496:
4488:. London: Pan.
4483:
4477:
4464:
4458:
4445:
4436:
4434:
4412:
4406:
4393:
4376:
4370:
4357:
4351:
4338:
4332:
4319:
4313:
4300:
4294:
4281:
4275:
4262:
4245:
4239:
4226:
4220:
4207:
4201:
4188:
4182:
4169:
4163:
4150:
4144:
4131:
4125:
4112:
4106:
4093:
4077:
4068:
4066:
4056:
4050:
4038:Ascher (2012).
4037:
4031:
4018:
4012:
3999:
3995:
3990:
3982:
3978:
3970:
3966:
3958:
3951:
3943:
3939:
3931:
3927:
3919:
3915:
3907:
3903:
3895:
3891:
3883:
3879:
3871:
3867:
3859:
3855:
3847:
3843:
3835:
3831:
3823:
3816:
3808:
3804:
3796:
3792:
3784:
3777:
3769:
3765:
3757:
3753:
3745:
3741:
3733:
3729:
3721:
3717:
3713:, Afterword §3.
3709:
3705:
3697:
3693:
3685:
3681:
3673:
3664:
3656:
3652:
3644:
3640:
3632:
3628:
3620:
3616:
3608:
3604:
3596:
3592:
3584:
3577:
3569:
3562:
3554:
3550:
3542:
3538:
3530:
3526:
3518:
3514:
3506:
3502:
3494:
3490:
3482:
3478:
3470:
3466:
3458:
3454:
3446:
3442:
3434:
3427:
3419:
3415:
3407:
3403:
3395:
3391:
3383:
3379:
3371:
3367:
3359:
3352:
3344:
3335:
3327:
3323:
3315:
3311:
3303:
3294:
3286:
3282:
3274:
3270:
3262:
3258:
3250:
3243:
3235:
3231:
3223:
3219:
3211:
3207:
3199:
3195:
3187:
3180:
3172:
3168:
3160:
3156:
3148:
3141:
3133:
3129:
3121:
3117:
3109:
3096:
3088:
3079:
3071:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3032:
3025:
3017:
3010:
3002:
2998:
2990:
2986:
2978:
2971:
2963:
2952:
2944:
2935:
2927:
2923:
2915:
2906:
2898:
2887:
2879:
2872:
2864:
2860:
2852:
2848:
2840:
2823:
2815:
2800:
2792:
2783:
2775:
2768:
2760:
2756:
2748:
2744:
2736:
2732:
2724:
2720:
2712:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2676:
2665:
2657:
2653:
2645:
2636:
2628:
2624:
2616:
2607:
2599:
2595:
2587:
2576:
2568:
2564:
2556:
2552:
2544:
2540:
2532:
2528:
2520:
2516:
2508:
2504:
2496:
2492:
2484:
2480:
2472:
2468:
2460:
2445:
2437:
2433:
2425:
2421:
2413:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2379:
2371:
2367:
2359:
2355:
2347:
2343:
2335:
2331:
2323:
2319:
2311:
2307:
2299:
2295:
2287:
2280:
2272:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2248:
2244:
2236:
2232:
2224:
2220:
2212:
2208:
2200:
2189:
2181:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2150:
2143:
2135:
2126:
2118:
2114:
2106:
2102:
2094:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2041:
2037:
2029:
2025:
2017:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1956:, pp. 1â4.
1952:
1948:
1944:, p. 1202.
1940:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1904:
1900:
1892:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1848:
1840:, p. 241;
1832:, p. 236;
1828:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1804:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1776:
1768:
1764:
1756:
1752:
1744:
1740:
1732:
1728:
1720:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1696:
1692:
1684:
1677:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1632:
1628:
1615:
1611:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1561:schrecklichkeit
1556:
1552:
1545:Ludwig of Hesse
1534:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1497:
1493:
1485:Windsor's full
1484:
1480:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1445:
1441:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1418:
1398:First World War
1383:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1247:
1238:Weimar Republic
1213:
1173:
1147:(leader of the
1124:
1121:
1080:
1065:for Grand Duke
983:
978:
977:
976:
975:
967:
966:
965:
962:
954:
953:
950:
826:Wagnerian opera
797:
768:FĂŒhrersonderzug
752:
742:" with at both
694:
692:Deborah Cadbury
691:
672:Artur Görlitzer
637:
566:
526:Fritz Wiedemann
521:
518:
489:
401:Prince of Wales
379:
359:Deborah Cadbury
351:Keith Middlemas
332:Walter Monckton
328:
312:Cesare Orsenigo
289:George Lansbury
226:
181:Stanley Baldwin
173:coronation oath
157:
117:Joseph Goebbels
78:working classes
73:Duke of Windsor
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6147:
6145:
6137:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6119:Wallis Simpson
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6086:
6085:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6073:
6066:
6058:
6055:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5988:
5986:
5979:
5978:
5972:
5969:Fort Belvedere
5966:
5960:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5935:
5933:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5896:
5895:
5894:
5882:
5874:
5866:
5858:
5850:
5842:
5834:
5830:A King's Story
5826:
5818:
5816:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5775:
5773:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5765:
5764:
5763:
5758:
5750:
5749:
5748:
5746:Postage stamps
5743:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5724:
5723:
5713:
5707:
5705:
5701:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5667:
5665:
5661:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5651:
5645:
5639:
5633:
5627:
5621:
5615:
5608:
5606:
5599:
5595:
5594:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5571:
5569:
5568:
5561:
5554:
5546:
5539:
5538:
5532:
5519:
5513:
5500:
5494:
5481:
5464:
5458:
5445:
5439:
5426:
5420:
5407:
5386:
5380:
5367:
5361:
5348:
5342:
5329:
5323:
5310:
5285:
5279:
5266:
5241:
5235:
5222:
5216:
5203:
5197:
5184:
5178:
5165:
5147:
5141:
5128:
5122:
5109:
5103:
5090:
5084:
5071:
5065:
5052:
5031:
5025:
5012:
5006:
4993:
4987:
4974:
4957:
4951:
4938:
4932:
4919:
4913:
4900:
4894:
4881:
4875:
4862:
4856:
4843:
4837:
4824:
4818:
4805:
4788:
4782:
4769:
4763:
4750:
4733:
4727:
4714:
4693:
4687:
4674:
4668:
4655:
4649:
4636:
4630:
4617:
4611:
4598:
4592:
4579:
4573:
4557:
4551:
4538:
4532:
4519:
4513:
4500:
4494:
4481:
4475:
4462:
4456:
4443:
4410:
4404:
4391:
4374:
4368:
4355:
4349:
4336:
4330:
4317:
4311:
4298:
4292:
4279:
4273:
4260:
4243:
4237:
4224:
4218:
4205:
4199:
4186:
4180:
4167:
4161:
4148:
4142:
4129:
4123:
4110:
4104:
4091:
4075:
4054:
4048:
4035:
4029:
4016:
4010:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3976:
3974:, p. 232.
3964:
3949:
3937:
3925:
3923:, p. 156.
3913:
3901:
3899:, p. 111.
3889:
3887:, p. 119.
3877:
3865:
3863:, p. 120.
3853:
3851:, p. 113.
3841:
3829:
3814:
3802:
3790:
3788:, p. 109.
3775:
3763:
3761:, p. 433.
3751:
3739:
3737:, p. 156.
3727:
3715:
3703:
3691:
3689:, p. 110.
3679:
3662:
3650:
3638:
3626:
3624:, p. 210.
3614:
3602:
3590:
3575:
3560:
3558:, p. 426.
3548:
3536:
3534:, p. 338.
3524:
3522:, p. 172.
3512:
3510:, p. 242.
3500:
3488:
3486:, p. 616.
3476:
3474:, p. 108.
3464:
3452:
3450:, p. 253.
3440:
3438:, p. 106.
3425:
3423:, p. 107.
3413:
3401:
3389:
3377:
3365:
3363:, p. 104.
3350:
3348:, p. 114.
3333:
3321:
3309:
3292:
3280:
3268:
3266:, p. 221.
3256:
3254:, p. 114.
3241:
3237:Time-Life 1990
3229:
3217:
3205:
3203:, p. 149.
3193:
3178:
3166:
3154:
3152:, p. 192.
3139:
3137:, p. 121.
3127:
3115:
3113:, p. 208.
3094:
3077:
3050:
3038:
3034:Donaldson 1974
3023:
3021:, p. 390.
3008:
2996:
2994:, p. 326.
2984:
2969:
2950:
2933:
2921:
2919:, p. 228.
2904:
2902:, p. 207.
2885:
2883:, p. 434.
2870:
2868:, p. 118.
2858:
2846:
2844:, p. 209.
2821:
2819:, p. 115.
2798:
2796:, p. 616.
2781:
2766:
2754:
2742:
2740:, p. 251.
2730:
2718:
2706:
2704:, p. 155.
2694:
2692:, p. 109.
2682:
2680:, p. 110.
2663:
2651:
2634:
2622:
2620:, p. 227.
2605:
2593:
2591:, p. 230.
2574:
2572:, p. 118.
2562:
2560:, p. 122.
2550:
2548:, p. 391.
2538:
2536:, p. 980.
2534:Middlemas 1969
2526:
2524:, p. 213.
2514:
2512:, p. 135.
2510:Beschloss 2002
2502:
2490:
2488:, p. 203.
2478:
2466:
2464:, p. 322.
2443:
2441:, p. 338.
2431:
2419:
2404:
2392:
2377:
2365:
2353:
2341:
2339:, p. 173.
2329:
2327:, p. 152.
2317:
2305:
2293:
2291:, p. 391.
2278:
2266:
2254:
2242:
2230:
2228:, p. 353.
2226:Donaldson 1974
2218:
2216:, p. 996.
2214:Middlemas 1969
2206:
2204:, p. 117.
2187:
2168:
2166:, p. 979.
2164:Middlemas 1969
2156:
2154:, p. 252.
2141:
2139:, p. 102.
2124:
2122:, p. 427.
2112:
2100:
2083:
2071:
2069:, p. 127.
2059:
2055:Schwoerer 1970
2047:
2045:, p. 210.
2035:
2033:, p. 202.
2023:
2021:, p. 113.
1994:
1982:
1970:
1958:
1954:McDonough 1998
1946:
1934:
1922:
1910:
1898:
1896:, p. 112.
1875:
1863:
1846:
1844:, p. 574.
1836:, p. 62;
1822:
1820:, p. 103.
1810:
1798:
1796:, p. 336.
1786:
1774:
1762:
1750:
1738:
1726:
1714:
1702:
1690:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1662:
1661:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1635:Atlantic Ocean
1626:
1609:
1601:Montagu Norman
1580:
1571:
1550:
1528:
1518:
1514:Royal Highness
1505:London Gazette
1500:letters patent
1491:
1478:
1465:
1456:
1439:
1426:
1416:
1390:Queen Victoria
1377:
1368:
1351:
1349:royal assent".
1341:
1337:Ernest Simpson
1323:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1289:U.S. President
1246:
1243:
1212:
1209:
1172:
1171:Historiography
1169:
1119:
1079:
1076:
1041:Volker Ullrich
1008:Philip Ziegler
982:
981:Meeting Hitler
979:
969:
968:
963:
956:
955:
951:
944:
943:
942:
941:
940:
881:art collection
854:Richard Seaman
751:
748:
689:
650:royal progress
641:Andrew Roberts
636:
633:
609:Downing Street
565:
562:
554:Martin Bormann
546:Charles Higham
516:
493:Charles Bedaux
488:
485:
481:Dudley Forwood
378:
375:
355:Foreign Office
336:Sarah Bradford
327:
324:
254:United Kingdom
225:
222:
156:
153:
121:Hermann Göring
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6146:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6082:
6072:
6071:
6067:
6065:
6064:
6060:
6059:
6056:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6020:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5983:
5976:
5975:Villa Windsor
5973:
5970:
5967:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5954:
5952:
5951:Marburg Files
5949:
5947:
5944:
5941:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5930:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5901:
5897:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5888:
5887:
5886:Downton Abbey
5883:
5880:
5879:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5867:
5864:
5863:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5835:
5832:
5831:
5827:
5825:" (1927 song)
5824:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5815:
5811:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5770:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5752:Appointments
5751:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5702:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5662:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5643:
5640:
5637:
5634:
5631:
5628:
5625:
5622:
5619:
5616:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5603:
5600:
5596:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5578:
5574:
5567:
5562:
5560:
5555:
5553:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5535:
5529:
5525:
5520:
5516:
5510:
5506:
5501:
5497:
5491:
5487:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5465:
5461:
5455:
5451:
5446:
5442:
5436:
5432:
5427:
5423:
5417:
5413:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5387:
5383:
5377:
5373:
5368:
5364:
5358:
5354:
5349:
5345:
5339:
5335:
5330:
5326:
5320:
5316:
5311:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5288:ODNB (2004).
5286:
5282:
5276:
5272:
5267:
5255:
5251:
5247:
5242:
5238:
5232:
5228:
5223:
5219:
5213:
5209:
5204:
5200:
5194:
5190:
5185:
5181:
5175:
5171:
5166:
5163:
5159:
5155:
5154:
5148:
5144:
5138:
5134:
5129:
5125:
5119:
5115:
5110:
5106:
5100:
5096:
5091:
5087:
5081:
5077:
5072:
5068:
5062:
5058:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5036:The Historian
5032:
5028:
5022:
5018:
5017:King George V
5013:
5009:
5003:
4999:
4994:
4990:
4984:
4980:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4958:
4954:
4948:
4944:
4939:
4935:
4929:
4925:
4920:
4916:
4910:
4906:
4901:
4897:
4891:
4887:
4882:
4878:
4872:
4868:
4863:
4859:
4853:
4849:
4844:
4840:
4834:
4830:
4825:
4821:
4815:
4811:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4789:
4785:
4779:
4775:
4770:
4766:
4760:
4756:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4734:
4730:
4724:
4720:
4715:
4703:
4699:
4694:
4690:
4684:
4680:
4675:
4671:
4665:
4661:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4642:
4637:
4633:
4627:
4623:
4618:
4614:
4608:
4604:
4599:
4595:
4589:
4585:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4548:
4544:
4539:
4535:
4529:
4525:
4520:
4516:
4510:
4506:
4501:
4497:
4491:
4487:
4482:
4478:
4472:
4468:
4463:
4459:
4453:
4449:
4444:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4397:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4375:
4371:
4365:
4361:
4356:
4352:
4346:
4342:
4337:
4333:
4327:
4323:
4318:
4314:
4308:
4304:
4299:
4295:
4289:
4285:
4280:
4276:
4270:
4266:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4244:
4240:
4234:
4230:
4225:
4221:
4215:
4211:
4206:
4202:
4196:
4192:
4187:
4183:
4177:
4173:
4168:
4164:
4158:
4154:
4149:
4145:
4139:
4135:
4130:
4126:
4120:
4116:
4111:
4107:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4064:
4060:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4032:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4013:
4007:
4003:
3998:
3997:
3992:
3986:, p. 62.
3985:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3968:
3965:
3962:, p. 94.
3961:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3917:
3914:
3911:, p. 46.
3910:
3909:Mitchell 2007
3905:
3902:
3898:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3881:
3878:
3875:, p. 99.
3874:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3857:
3854:
3850:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3833:
3830:
3826:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3812:, p. 46.
3811:
3806:
3803:
3800:, p. 47.
3799:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3764:
3760:
3759:Bradford 2013
3755:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3731:
3728:
3724:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3711:Phillips 2016
3707:
3704:
3700:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3660:, p. 11.
3659:
3658:Doerries 2003
3654:
3651:
3648:, p. 97.
3647:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3615:
3612:, p. 53.
3611:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3556:Bradford 2013
3552:
3549:
3545:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3414:
3411:, p. 62.
3410:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3239:, p. 63.
3238:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3123:Meissner 1980
3119:
3116:
3112:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3090:BBC News 2016
3086:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3075:, p. 55.
3074:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2985:
2982:, p. 54.
2981:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2946:de Vries 2012
2942:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2866:Bouverie 2019
2862:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2779:, p. 98.
2778:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2589:Williams 2020
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2375:, p. 98.
2374:
2369:
2366:
2363:, p. 14.
2362:
2357:
2354:
2351:, p. 14.
2350:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2313:Chadwick 1998
2309:
2306:
2303:, p. 41.
2302:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2276:, p. 41.
2275:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2238:Phillips 2016
2234:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2185:, p. 52.
2184:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2120:Bradford 2013
2116:
2113:
2110:, p. 51.
2109:
2104:
2101:
2098:, p. 49.
2097:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1978:Laybourn 2001
1974:
1971:
1968:, p. 23.
1967:
1966:Laybourn 2001
1962:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1942:Merriman 1996
1938:
1935:
1932:, p. 55.
1931:
1930:Buchanan 2014
1926:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1838:Bradford 2013
1835:
1831:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1787:
1784:, p. 51.
1783:
1782:Hamilton 1986
1778:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1691:
1688:, p. 35.
1687:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1665:ch. = chapter
1664:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1652:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1554:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1435:Karina Urbach
1430:
1427:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1386:Prince Albert
1381:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1225:Karina Urbach
1223:
1219:
1210:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1199:Gerwin Strobl
1194:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1178:Piers Brendon
1170:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1160:Daily Express
1156:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1133:
1129:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1096:FĂŒhrerprinzip
1089:
1088:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1036:
1031:
1028:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
987:
980:
973:
972:Oliver Harvey
960:
948:
939:
935:
930:
928:
924:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
898:
895:
890:
889:
882:
878:
874:
869:
868:
861:
859:
858:Mercedes-Benz
855:
851:
847:
846:UntertĂŒrkheim
843:
838:
837:
831:
827:
817:
813:
811:
807:
801:
795:
790:
787:
782:
781:
775:
770:
769:
763:
759:
758:
749:
747:
745:
741:
736:
732:
729:
728:
723:
719:
711:
707:
702:
698:
688:
683:
681:
675:
673:
669:
668:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
642:
634:
632:
630:
629:Alec Hardinge
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
600:
595:
593:
589:
588:
583:
579:
570:
563:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
538:
536:
531:
527:
515:
510:
508:
503:
502:United States
498:
497:Oscar Solbert
494:
486:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
456:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:Southend West
422:
418:
417:Chips Channon
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
393:mother tongue
389:
388:Muttersprache
384:
376:
374:
371:
366:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
339:
337:
333:
325:
323:
321:
317:
313:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
269:Michael Bloch
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
230:
223:
220:
218:
211:
209:
208:Andrew Morton
205:
201:
197:
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
154:
152:
150:
144:
142:
138:
137:Berchtesgaden
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
47:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
6081:
6068:
6061:
6045:Princes Pier
6018:
5992:Windsor knot
5955:
5899:
5884:
5876:
5868:
5860:
5852:
5844:
5836:
5828:
5798:
5681:Pinna Nesbit
5624:Mary of Teck
5523:
5504:
5485:
5468:
5449:
5430:
5411:
5394:
5390:
5371:
5352:
5333:
5314:
5302:. Retrieved
5293:
5270:
5258:. Retrieved
5249:
5226:
5207:
5188:
5169:
5152:
5132:
5113:
5094:
5075:
5056:
5039:
5035:
5016:
4997:
4978:
4961:
4942:
4923:
4904:
4885:
4866:
4847:
4828:
4809:
4792:
4773:
4754:
4737:
4718:
4706:. Retrieved
4678:
4659:
4640:
4621:
4602:
4583:
4564:
4561:Laybourn, K.
4542:
4523:
4504:
4485:
4466:
4447:
4435:. Retrieved
4419:The Guardian
4418:
4395:
4378:
4359:
4340:
4321:
4302:
4283:
4264:
4247:
4228:
4209:
4190:
4171:
4152:
4133:
4114:
4095:
4079:
4067:. Retrieved
4039:
4020:
4001:
3979:
3967:
3940:
3928:
3916:
3904:
3892:
3880:
3868:
3856:
3844:
3832:
3810:Pauwels 2015
3805:
3798:Pauwels 2015
3793:
3766:
3754:
3742:
3730:
3723:Brendon 2016
3718:
3706:
3694:
3682:
3653:
3641:
3629:
3617:
3610:Cadbury 2015
3605:
3593:
3588:, ch.11 §16.
3573:, ch.11 §15.
3551:
3546:, ch.18 §64.
3544:Ullrich 2016
3539:
3532:Ziegler 1991
3527:
3520:Sigmund 2000
3515:
3503:
3498:, ch.11 §19.
3491:
3484:Vickers 2011
3479:
3467:
3455:
3443:
3416:
3409:Simpson 2016
3404:
3392:
3380:
3368:
3324:
3312:
3305:Hichens 2016
3283:
3271:
3259:
3252:Smelser 1988
3232:
3220:
3213:Hichens 2016
3208:
3196:
3189:Brendon 2016
3176:, ch.10 §64.
3169:
3162:Cadbury 2015
3157:
3130:
3118:
3073:Cadbury 2015
3046:Cadbury 2015
3041:
2999:
2987:
2980:Cadbury 2015
2967:, ch.14 §28.
2929:Brendon 2016
2924:
2861:
2849:
2794:Vincent 1984
2762:Cadbury 2015
2757:
2745:
2733:
2728:, ch.11 §39.
2721:
2709:
2697:
2685:
2654:
2649:, ch.14 §29.
2625:
2603:, ch.11 §10.
2596:
2565:
2558:Windsor 1951
2553:
2541:
2529:
2517:
2505:
2493:
2481:
2469:
2462:Vickers 2011
2434:
2427:Brendon 2016
2422:
2417:, ch.11 §12.
2395:
2388:Hichens 2016
2373:Windsor 1951
2368:
2361:Roberts 2000
2356:
2344:
2332:
2320:
2315:, p. 4.
2308:
2301:Windsor 1951
2296:
2274:Roberts 2000
2269:
2262:Hichens 2016
2257:
2250:Hichens 2016
2245:
2233:
2221:
2209:
2183:Cadbury 2015
2159:
2115:
2108:Cadbury 2015
2103:
2096:Roberts 2000
2079:Kershaw 2015
2074:
2062:
2050:
2043:Gilbert 1982
2038:
2026:
1985:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1925:
1920:, p. 4.
1913:
1901:
1866:
1859:Matthew 2004
1834:Howarth 1987
1830:Ziegler 1991
1825:
1818:Perkins 2006
1813:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1753:
1741:
1729:
1722:Ziegler 1991
1717:
1705:
1693:
1669:= paragraph
1629:
1612:
1597:Cliveden Set
1583:
1574:
1553:
1541:Duke of Kent
1531:
1521:
1509:
1503:
1494:
1481:
1474:Tim Bouverie
1468:
1459:
1442:
1429:
1419:
1405:
1380:
1371:
1354:
1344:
1327:
1310:
1305:
1286:
1278:
1275:
1259:Robert Stamm
1255:Adolf Rembte
1248:
1245:Later events
1234:
1229:
1214:
1204:
1195:
1191:
1174:
1158:
1152:
1137:
1115:
1081:
1052:
1046:
1038:
1033:
1022:
1017:
1012:Paul Schmidt
988:
984:
937:
932:
906:Hitler Youth
899:
862:
822:
802:
789:John Vincent
755:
753:
725:
715:
696:
685:
676:
665:
638:
602:
597:
585:
575:
564:Announcement
539:
535:Hugo Vickers
523:
512:
490:
461:
429:ruling class
421:Conservative
397:Mark Hichens
385:called "the
380:
367:
363:
340:
329:
309:papal nuncio
305:Aga Khan III
293:Lord Halifax
282:Labour Party
274:Mao Tse-tung
266:
246:Soviet Union
235:
217:Anthony Eden
213:
192:Duke of York
189:
184:
165:royal family
158:
145:
133:Adolf Hitler
129:Albert Speer
113:Nazi salutes
94:
61:Nazi Germany
51:
46:Adolf Hitler
29:
6070:George VI â
5881:(2012 film)
5873:(2010 film)
5865:(2005 film)
5857:(2002 film)
5849:(1988 film)
5779:Investiture
5737:Depictions
5654:Prince John
5573:Edward VIII
5397:: 325â341.
5304:19 December
5042:: 353â375.
4708:28 December
4437:19 December
4379:Edward VIII
4069:28 December
3972:Powell 2018
3935:, ch.8 §56.
3933:Morton 2015
3827:, ch.8 §37.
3825:Morton 2015
3786:Strobl 2000
3773:, ch.8 §15.
3771:Morton 2015
3701:, ch.8 §36.
3699:Morton 2015
3677:, ch.8 §55.
3675:Morton 2015
3636:, ch.8 §31.
3634:Morton 2015
3600:, ch.7 §46.
3598:Wyllie 2019
3508:Sereny 2016
3448:Morton 2018
3387:, ch.5 §72.
3375:, ch.8 §19.
3373:Morton 2015
3331:, ch.8 §30.
3329:Morton 2015
3307:, ch.8 §31.
3290:, ch.8 §22.
3288:Morton 2015
3278:, ch.8 §24.
3276:Morton 2015
3227:, ch.8 §23.
3225:Morton 2015
3215:, ch.8 §30.
3201:Lepage 2017
3174:Morton 2015
3150:Urbach 2015
2992:Martin 1973
2948:, ch.9 §62.
2917:Powell 2018
2750:Meyers 1998
2738:Morton 2018
2726:Morton 2015
2630:Morton 2015
2618:Powell 2018
2522:Urbach 2015
2486:Higham 2004
2390:, ch.1 §12.
2152:Morton 2018
2067:Wilson 2013
2031:Ascher 2012
1908:, ch.8 §14.
1906:Morton 2015
1871:Taylor 1992
1736:, ch.1 §50.
1712:, ch.7 §12.
1643:final exile
1404:called the
1263:trade union
1106:puppet king
1054:Kreisleiter
912:factory in
867:jagdschloss
670:of Berlin,
590:in Berlin,
558:Errol Flynn
473:state visit
413:World War I
383:his memoirs
258:appeasement
141:Rudolf Hess
90:state visit
6088:Categories
6063:â George V
5963:York House
5716:Abdication
3984:Unwin 2010
3960:Bloch 1983
3945:Bloch 1983
3921:Bloch 1983
3897:Allen 1984
3885:Bloch 1988
3873:Allen 1984
3861:Bloch 1988
3849:Allen 1984
3837:Bloch 1988
3747:Bloch 1983
3735:Bloch 1988
3725:, ch.5 §6.
3687:Allen 1984
3646:Allen 1984
3586:Sebba 2013
3571:Sebba 2013
3496:Sebba 2013
3472:Allen 1984
3436:Allen 1984
3421:Allen 1984
3361:Allen 1984
3346:Bloch 1988
3317:Evans 2005
3191:, ch.5 §7.
3125:, ch.1 §3.
2931:, ch.5 §5.
2817:Bloch 1988
2777:Allen 1984
2714:Bloch 1988
2702:Bloch 1983
2690:Bloch 1988
2678:Bloch 1988
2659:Bloch 1988
2632:, ch.8 §4.
2601:Sebba 2013
2570:Speer 1970
2429:, ch.3 §8.
2415:Sebba 2013
2264:, ch.5 §8.
2252:, ch.1 §8.
2240:, ch.8 §7.
2202:Bloch 1988
2137:Allen 1984
2019:Bloch 1988
1990:Bloch 1988
1894:Bloch 1988
1770:Sebba 2013
1758:Bloch 1996
1746:Bloch 1996
1734:Sebba 2013
1710:Sebba 2013
1686:Adams 1993
1653:References
1593:Lady Astor
1526:luncheon".
1487:birth name
1183:Julia Boyd
1059:Nazi Party
1039:Historian
830:Pomeranian
731:first lady
708:troops at
662:royal blue
639:Historian
603:Historian
578:Robert Ley
542:Le Meurice
530:Paris Ritz
469:Anne Sebba
368:Historian
267:Historian
155:Background
101:Robert Ley
59:, visited
5985:Namesakes
5942:" (title)
5900:The Crown
5656:(brother)
5650:(brother)
5644:(brother)
5632:(brother)
5630:George VI
5477:776742761
5403:423735429
5162:869917120
5048:679014508
4970:905257338
4801:905243305
4746:716850690
4427:819004900
4387:251334013
4256:246148103
4088:958201195
2965:Boyd 2018
2647:Boyd 2018
2546:Rose 1983
2474:ODNB 2004
2439:Marr 2009
2349:West 2014
1794:Watt 2017
1364:arms race
1313:St Helena
1267:Baltimore
1211:Aftermath
1154:The Times
1078:Reactions
1071:Ilse Hess
1035:returned.
1004:Eva Braun
888:Anschluss
873:Carinhall
750:Itinerary
740:hobnobbed
680:Kaiserhof
667:Gauleiter
449:communism
69:George VI
5664:Romances
5638:(sister)
5626:(mother)
5620:(father)
5618:George V
5584:and the
5298:Archived
5254:Archived
4702:Archived
4563:(2001).
4431:Archived
4063:Archived
3460:TNA 1937
1639:Napoleon
1548:Cadbury.
1271:Maryland
1187:Aga Khan
1120:â
964:Page two
952:Page one
892:policy,
757:Observer
727:de facto
690:â
550:received
517:â
407:, under
295:, later
286:pacifist
185:en masse
161:George V
105:materiel
44:meeting
5932:Related
5794:Wedding
5260:16 June
5252:. Kew.
4886:Baldwin
3993:Sources
1424:times".
1412:Windsor
1165:Leipzig
1057:of the
918:U-boats
894:Austria
798:
718:Horcher
477:equerry
445:fascism
423:MP for
320:Berghof
316:Bavaria
5772:Events
5614:(wife)
5605:Family
5598:People
5592:(1936)
5530:
5511:
5492:
5475:
5456:
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1603:, the
1402:bomber
986:Duke.
923:German
806:Munich
615:. The
318:, the
200:Vienna
196:France
127:, and
55:, and
5741:Coins
5704:Reign
1537:NSDAP
1407:Gotha
1319:Notes
914:Essen
910:Krupp
810:aides
722:Magda
391:[
250:Italy
204:Paris
6017:HMS
5878:W.E.
5528:ISBN
5509:ISBN
5490:ISBN
5473:OCLC
5454:ISBN
5435:ISBN
5416:ISBN
5399:OCLC
5376:ISBN
5357:ISBN
5338:ISBN
5319:ISBN
5306:2018
5275:ISBN
5262:2020
5231:ISBN
5212:ISBN
5193:ISBN
5174:ISBN
5158:OCLC
5137:ISBN
5118:ISBN
5099:ISBN
5080:ISBN
5061:ISBN
5044:OCLC
5021:ISBN
5002:ISBN
4983:ISBN
4966:OCLC
4947:ISBN
4928:ISBN
4909:ISBN
4890:ISBN
4871:ISBN
4852:ISBN
4833:ISBN
4814:ISBN
4797:OCLC
4778:ISBN
4759:ISBN
4742:OCLC
4723:ISBN
4710:2018
4683:ISBN
4664:ISBN
4645:ISBN
4626:ISBN
4607:ISBN
4588:ISBN
4569:ISBN
4547:ISBN
4528:ISBN
4509:ISBN
4490:ISBN
4471:ISBN
4452:ISBN
4439:2018
4423:OCLC
4400:ISBN
4383:OCLC
4364:ISBN
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4326:ISBN
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4288:ISBN
4269:ISBN
4252:OCLC
4233:ISBN
4214:ISBN
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4138:ISBN
4119:ISBN
4100:ISBN
4084:OCLC
4071:2018
4044:ISBN
4025:ISBN
4006:ISBN
1591:and
1589:Lord
1498:The
1257:and
733:and
611:and
345:and
111:and
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871:in
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