1937 tour of Germany by the Duke and Duchess of Windsor

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Hitler had been telephoned by future British Foreign Secretary, Lord Halifax, regarding Germany's expansionist policies. Halifax had pressed the benefits of a mutual understanding between their two countries. The Windsors' visit soon after, says Sebba, probably encouraged Hitler to see Edward as an ally. Edward later said that he had thought Hitler was "a somewhat ridiculous figure, with his theatrical posturings and his bombastic pretensions", and he denied to his wife that he and Hitler had discussed politics at all. The Duke's interpreter, Dudley Forwood, also put down his different recollection of what was said by writing how "my Master said to Hitler the Germans and the British races are one, they should always be one. They are of Hun origin."

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conversely, suggests that while the trip may have been "ill-advised and ill-timed ... not a crime". Vickers, similarly, suggests that while the tour may have helped fuel the theory that the Duke was a Nazi, "he was no such thing. But he was naive, and having been brought up with people to advise him all his life until December 1936 he was hardly competent or equipped to deal with men like Hitler. Nor should he have undertaken this trip independently."

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alter things whenever he has encountered injustice ... Yet he is not satisfied with the extent of his knowledge. He is determined to continue, with more time at his disposal, his systematic study of this subject and to devote his time to the betterment of the life of the masses ... He believes his is the surest way to peace. For himself he proposes to begin soon with a study of housing and working conditions in many countries ...

631:, to condemn the tour. Hardinge agreed and described it as a "private stunt for publicity purposes". He also reasoned that the premise of the tour was flawed: neither the Duke nor his visit, he said, could "obviously ... bring any benefit to the workers themselves". Ley proposed to hold Nazi rallies at each stop on the Windsors' tour, but the Duke had vetoed it on the grounds that it constituted anti-British propaganda. 812:, Hans Sopple, later described events, saying Ley "drove the car through the locked gates and then raced up and down at full speed between the barracks, scaring hell out of the workers and nearly running over several. The next day Hitler told Göring to take over the Duke's visit before Ley killed him." That was not, comments Morton, "at all what the Duke had in mind when he described the nature of a royal tour to his wife". 648:, wrote to him, "dear David! I hear that you are coming to Germany ... I naturally would be delighted if you could take this opportunity to see me; perhaps I could introduce you to a couple of interesting personalities whom you otherwise wouldn't meet". Hitler and Ribbentrop planned that although the tour was a private rather than state visit, the Windsors, particularly the Duchess, would effectively undertake a 33: 569: 229: 1307:

in enemy hands. There are personal and family difficulties about his return to this country. In all the circumstances it was felt that an appointment abroad might appeal to him, and the Prime Minister has with His Majesty's cordial approval offered him the Governorship of the Bahamas. His Royal Highness has intimated that he will accept the appointment.

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was, so far as I could see, nothing whatever to indicate whether the Duke of Windsor really sympathised with the ideology and practices of the Third Reich, as Hitler seemed to assume he did. Apart from some appreciative words for the measures taken in Germany in the field of social welfare, the Duke did not discuss political questions.

674:. Also waiting was the British Embassy's Third Secretary to present a letter informing the Duke that the Embassy would not be available to assist him or his wife formally in the course of their visit. Ogilvie-Forbes later visited the Duke in his hotel to pay the personal respects that he had been unable to pay him in public. 738:

reciprocate, describing him as "a tiny, wispy gnome with an enormous skull", but Magda, she continued, was "the prettiest woman I saw in Germany". The Windsors dined with his cousin the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha on the 19th. The Duke later recalled that the dinner was attended by over 100 guests, many whom he had "

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Bedaux, who, Vincent suggests, intended to use the Duke to regain possession of his confiscated German business, was irreparably damaged by the fallout from the Windsors' tour. In 1938, his German businesses were confiscated by the Nazis permanently. His reputation also suffered in America, where his

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Hitler was evidently making an effort to be as amicable as possible towards the Duke, whom he regarded as Germany's friend, having especially in mind a speech the Duke had made some years before, extending the hand of friendship to Germany's ex-servicemen's associations. In these conversations, there

1569:, a "habitual drunkard", who had lost jobs on that account before. Peter Allen comments that Ley "spoke with such a naturally slurred speech that it was said to be difficult to tell whether he was drunk or not". The Duchess later described Ley as "a drunkard, a fanatic, quarrelsome, a four-flusher ". 1043:

argues that Hitler seems to have been flattered that the Windsors wanted to see him. Weidemann later said that he had rarely seen Hitler "so relaxed and animated as during that visit". The meeting concerned the British government since it appeared to be almost an informal summit. Three days earlier,

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Bloch describes the couple's itinerary as an "exhausting" series of visits to industrial and housing areas. A letter from the Duchess confirms that although the tour was interesting, it involved walking "miles a day through factories", including one that produced lightbulbs. Among other sights, they

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In accordance with the Duke of Windsor's message to the world press last June that he would release any information of interest regarding his plans or movements, His Royal Highness makes it known that he and the Duchess of Windsor are visiting Germany and the United States in the near future for the

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Edward stated that his intention for the visit as "without any political considerations and merely as an independent observer studying industrial and housing conditions". He said that one could not ignore what was happening in Germany "even though it may not have one's entire approval". The Duke was

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The legal historian Graeme Watts notes that officially, Edward never took his coronation oath, but he "gave royal assent to Acts throughout his 325-day reign, including the Act which ended it", and that "taking the oath is neither a prerequisite to the accession to the Crown nor to provision of the

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The position of the Duke of Windsor in recent months has been causing His Majesty and His Majesty's Government some embarrassment as though his loyalties are unimpeachable there is always a backwash of Nazi intrigue which seeks to make trouble about him now that the greater part of the continent is

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In 1966, the Duke described his memories of meeting Hitler, who had, Edward said, "made me realize that Red Russia was the only enemy and that Great Britain and all of Europe had an interest in encouraging Germany to march against the east and to crush communism once and for all ... I thought

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The Windsors' German tour made little impact on the British public, and the main criticism seems to have been the failure to keep the low profile that he had promised. Churchill, for example, wrote to the Duke to imply that there had been little notice taken of the Nazi aspect and that he was "glad

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noted in his diary that he expected Edward to return sooner rather than later as "a social-equalising king, inaugurate an English form of fascism and an alliance with Germany". To the British ruling class, comments Morton, the Windsors' "farrago was greeted with undisguised glee". On the other side

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He had put himself hopelessly in the wrong by starting his visit with a preliminary tour in Germany where he was, of course, photographed fraternizing with the Nazi, the Anti-Trade Unionist and the Jewbaiter. Poor little man. He has no sense of his own and no friends with any sense to advise him. I

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boasted about the number and the quality of the people who wanted to see the Nazis' social programme first hand, and it wrote that "the Duke of Windsor, too, has come to convince himself personally of the energy with which the new Germany has tackled her social problems". The German government took

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The tour culminated on 22 October, when they met Hitler at the Berghof. It is possible that the meeting was a last-minute addition to their itinerary, as they were supposedly told of it only the previous day, although Allen suggests that this was unlikely, as Hitler had expressed a wish to meet the

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I have travelled the world and my upbringing has made me familiar with the great achievements of mankind, but that which I have seen in Germany, I had hitherto believed to be impossible. It cannot be grasped, and is a miracle; one can only begin to understand it when one realizes that behind it all

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states that although with hindsight, the tour can be viewed as a poor decision, it was not out of place for the time. He notes that "war was still two years away, curiosity about the Nazis was intense, and many respectable people accepted government invitations. It was fashionable to go to Germany

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The British government was unable to affect the course of events and forbade its diplomatic staff in Germany from having any high-level interaction with the Windsors. British popular opinion of the tour was muted, and most people viewed it as in poor taste and disrupting the first year of George's

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When the Nazis were dealing with a useful fool, they could never quite disguise an element of contempt in their language; when they met a rogue, their words betray a shared contempt for others. There is nothing of this in the descriptions of the Duke's conversations in Berlin or the later wartime

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and attended by high-ranking Nazi officials. Petropoulos comments that although there are no records of what may have been discussed at the dinner, "it is striking that the Duke and Hess, both future advocates of a negotiated peace, had the opportunity to spend the evening together and review the

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had already begun. On each visit, the couple were presented with enthusiastic workers keen to extol their working conditions to the Duke. He, in turn, was at his most charming, says Hichens. On one occasion, he joined a session of rowdy drinking songs in a staff beer garden, where he wore a false

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suggests allowed them to choreograph it. Hichens, too, notes that the Windsors "saw only what the Nazis wanted them to see, and the Duke saw what he wanted to see turning a blind eye on the horrors of Nazidom". For example, according to Morton, they visited a barracks of apparently-empty concrete

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The Duke of Windsor is very much interested in your proposal that he lead a movement so essentially international. We all know that as Prince of Wales and as King, he has always been keenly interested in the lot of the working man and he has not failed to show both his distress and his resolve to

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Edward himself later contextualised his position in the 1930s as being a reaction to what he termed "the unending scenes of horror" of the First World War. He said that led him to support appeasement with Hitler. The latter is known to have seen the Duke as an ally, believing that as king, Edward

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According to Sebba, Edward promised to refrain from making speeches so that his words could not be used against him by critics. Some scholars, such as Bradford, believe the visit to be directly the result of "pro-German and even more pro-Nazi" views. German people who witnessed the Duke on tour,

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Although the couple were in Germany at Ley's personal invitation, he was a poor host. Bloch describes him as coarse, "addicted to alcohol high-speed driving", and risqué jokes. Hichens views Ley as "loud-mouthed", brutal and a "particularly odious Nazi thug." On one journey, he was drunk at the

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respectively. After their meeting, Goebbels wrote in his diary that "the duke is wonderful—a nice, sympathetic fellow who is open and clear and with a healthy understanding of people ... It's a shame he is no longer king. With him we would have entered into an alliance." The Duchess did not

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in late September. The same month, the Duchess wrote to her aunt in Washington that they were planning a trip to observe European working conditions. The Duchess explained that "the Duke is thinking of taking up some sort of work in that direction. The trip is being arranged by Germany's No. 1

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A welcoming crowd of approximately 2,000 lined the streets outside the station. The German media had set great store by the Windsors' visit from the beginning. As the Windsors were leaving, the crowd surged forward, and a crush ensued. That, noted Cadbury, destroyed the "majestic air" of the

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Sebba explains Edward's lack of judgement by the fact that while he had been able to call on a wide spectrum of counsel as Prince of Wales, he now had only his wife and acquaintances. Powell, similarly, believes that Edward's reputation "was at the mercy of unscrupulous strangers". Ziegler,

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Pathé caught the moment they emerged from the station into a large crowd that had gathered determined to see this unique couple: a king who had thrown away the greatest throne in the world for love, and the woman herself, who must possess some magical quality. Dr Ley, the head of the German

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reported on 23 October that in its view, the German tour, "demonstrated adequately that the Abdication did rob Germany of a firm friend, if not indeed a devoted admirer, on the British throne. He has lent himself, perhaps unconsciously, but easily to National Socialist propaganda." Another

1006:, was not present: whenever he entertained guests of high rank, she had to stay in her bedroom until they had left. The Windsors made a good impression on Hitler, suggests Hichens; the Duchess later wrote how she was both "fascinated and repelled" by Hitler. Hitler, comments historian 1074:

Windsors' tour". Ilse Hess later told how at one point, the Duke and her husband had been gone for over an hour. She found them in an upstairs games room. There, Hess had a large collection of model ships, and he and the Duke were "excitedly" re-enacting a World War I naval battle.

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The Duchess was visibly impressed with the Führer's personality, and he apparently indicated that they had become fast friends by giving her an affectionate farewell. took both their hands in his saying a long goodbye, after which he stiffened to a rigid Nazi salute that the Duke

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The Duke and the Duchess had to wait before Hitler was ready to see them although, notes Vickers, he was in a genial mood when he did. The two men had an hour-long discussion, with Hitler doing most of the talking. The Duke is known to have encouraged Hitler in Germany's desired

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advantage as soon as the Duke and Duchess departed. Ogilvie-Forbes reported that Ley had already announced that Edward had praised Hitler's leadership. Hitler subsequently asserted that Simpson, in his opinion, would have been a good queen. Hitler believed Edward understood the

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suggests that his views "had caused offence in England because, according to opinion there, such matters were not the concern of the throne". Statements such as that one, scholar Adrian Philips emphasises, were intended to deflect from Edward's public relationship with Simpson.

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and married Wallis Simpson in June 1937. He appeared to have been sympathetic to Germany in this period and, that September, announced his intention to travel privately to Germany to tour factories. His interests, officially researching the social and economic conditions of the

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describes it as "the worst blunder of his career". Roberts calls the tour "fantastically ill-judged", and Bloch notes that the Duke's political contemporaries were all in agreement that starting the tour in Nazi Germany at such a time was nothing short of "disastrous". Scholar

349:, attempted to dissuade him from going. The intervention of an old friend of the Duchess, Herman Rogers, against the trip also proved unsuccessful. The government already suspected that Edward had "strong views on his right to intervene in affairs of state", argues historian 921:

moustache and played skittles. The couple were regularly greeted with the Nazi salute, which they sometimes reciprocated (that was not unusual, and most visitors to Germany, including sports teams, then made the salute). The couple were welcomed at each venue by both the

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British diplomatic missions in Germany and the United States were "forbidden to put him up in the house, or to give him a dinner, though they may give him a bite of luncheon, or to present him officially to anyone, or to accept invitations from him, except for a bite of

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correspondent wrote that "the poor fellow must have very little discretion and must be very badly advised. His going to Germany and hobnobbing with Hitler and Ley just before visiting America was enough to enrage every liberal organization in the country."

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was shown as annexed to Germany. Cadbury quotes Simpson: "Göring's face wrinkled with amusement ... The Austrians would want to be part of the Reich", he had said. Simpson noted that "the moment passed, the statement left unchallenged" by the Duke.

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had suggested that the Duke take a tour of Germany, which was soon intended to be the first of several planned international tours. Bedaux offered to organise the Duke's side of the arrangements. Solbert had been with Edward on his 1924 tour of the

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The most positive aspect of the visit, comments Powell, "was that it had been well-organised, albeit for the benefits of the hosts". Philips calls the tour "an embarrassment at best, and at worse, glaring proof of his complete lack of judgement".

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and gymnasium, where, although dressed in full uniform and decorations, he demonstrated his massage machine. The three conversed in Göring's study, where Edward noticed a new, official map of Nazi Germany on the wall. Reflecting the party's

299:, visited to do so, at Göring's invitation, the following month. Halifax's trip was "ostensibly ... a social one", but it was also an opportunity for the British government to initiate talks with Hitler, according to modern historian 1235:

Whereas the Duke, Duchess and I had no idea that the Germans were or would be committing mass murder on the Jews, we were none of us averse to Hitler politically. We felt that the Nazi regime was a more appropriate government than the

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Forwood disagrees with Schmidt's recollection and says that the Duke raised criticisms of Nazi social policy. Forwood also says that at the same time, Forwood accused Schmidt of mistranslating for Hitler and that Forwood interjected

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and had been impressed by his gravitas and professional demeanour. That led him to suggest to the Duke that he should "head up and consolidate the many and varied peace movements throughout the world". Swedish millionaire

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suggests that the German government believed that Edward had been forced to abdicate as a result of his pro-German views, which encouraged them to "lay out the red carpet" for him. On 10 October, the Duke's cousin, the

163:, in early 1936. Almost immediately, he announced his intention to marry Wallis Simpson, a twice-divorced American. On political and moral grounds, she was unacceptable as a royal consort to the British government and 1082:

The British government vainly tried to control public relations during the visit. Cadbury notes how a former English king "turning up in ... Berlin was an unexpected bonus" for German diplomacy. German newspaper

171:, which forbade the divorced from remarrying during the lifetime of their former spouses, and both of Simpson's previous husbands were still alive. The proposed marriage was believed by critics to breach Edward's 5956: 467:. Albert Speer later said that Hitler was certain that "through him permanent friendly relations could have been achieved. If he had stayed, everything would have been different." The Duke, suggests biographer 214:

Modern, progressive, vigorous, and accessible. Even his mock Cockney accent with a touch of American seemed more down-to-earth and unaffected than the disdainful patrician tones of a man like Foreign Secretary

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wrote. Deborah Cadbury suggests that Hitler first learned of Edward's German sympathies in 1936. His cousin, Charles Edward of Saxe-Coburg, was spying for Hitler in London, and learned much from Edward, says

139:. The Duke had a long private conversation with Hitler, but it is uncertain what they discussed, as the minutes of their meeting were lost during the war. The Duchess took afternoon tea with Hitler's deputy, 1423:

He was less so of its people of whom he said that "the Germans as a race ... are fat, stolid, unsympathetic, intensely military, and all the men have huge cigars sticking out of their faces at all

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reign. The tour of Germany was intended to have been followed by one of the United States, but Nazi repression of working-class activists in Germany led to a wave of disapproval for the Windsors in the

151:, which led to the U.S. visit being cancelled. Modern historians tend to consider the 1937 tour as a reflection of both the Duke's lack of judgment and his disregard for the advice that he received. 5297: 1030:

or "wrongly translated!" The Duke departed, he believed, under the impression that Hitler was a pacifist. An observer describes how they returned to their car and were escorted by their host:

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refused to sanction such a role, opposed the tour and suspected that the Nazis would use the Duke's presence for propaganda. Prince Edward was keen for his wife, who had been rejected by the

1002:, later said that the Duchess had organised the meeting with Hitler and that being excluded from it had angered her. At the end of their visit, the three had tea together. Hitler's partner, 334:, that the Duke's plan was "a bombshell, and a bad one". George took particular umbrage because on abdication, Edward had said that he intended to avoid public appearances. Royal biographer 1189:, for example—notes that while attracting a great deal of comment, they "could not compete with the Duke and Duchess of Windsor ... in terms of celebrity and sheer inappropriateness". 435:

also monitored her throughout the period and concluded that she had Nazi sympathies. It had been rumoured that she and Joachim von Ribbentrop had a sexual relationship during his tenure as

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The American trip had been intended to demonstrate the Duke's leadership qualities, and its cancellation was sufficiently traumatic to induce him to retire temporarily from public life.

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Powell suggests that Edward found the German government's response to be sufficiently sympathetic to proceed without delay. In late September, he received a personal invitation from Dr

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The couple were treated like royalty by the German aristocracy, which "would bow and curtsy towards , and she was treated with all the dignity and status that the Duke always wanted".

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The tour of Germany was planned to be a brief visit of 12 days but was to be followed by a longer one of the U.S. The German side of things was organised by Hitler's adjutant, Captain

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suggests that Edward believed himself to be able to influence Hitler and avert war in Europe. If that was the case, says Vickers, Edward "severely overestimated his own importance".

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In those aspirations, the Duke was in the company of a large swathe of the British ruling class since the same view was taken by Lloyd George and Lord Halifax, aristocrats such as

1163:, meanwhile, stated that Edward had received "the kind of reception that only the old kings of Bavaria could expect". The reaction in Germany, according to the British attaché in 5813: 1450:

files back this story, but Cadbury notes that they have not so far surfaced in the archives. Higham's works have been criticised by commentators, with his generally-unauthorised

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and anti-Nazi activity; their deaths swung popular opinion against the Duke and the Duchess. Labour unions campaigned against the tour, particularly in the Duchess's hometown of

1167:, was that the tour had demonstrated the Duke's "strong pro-fascist sympathies". In the Soviet Union, the view was that the British royal family had "warm feelings" for Germany. 734: 1157:

reported how "His Royal Highness acknowledges with smiles and the National Socialist salute the greetings of the crowds gathered at his hotel and elsewhere during the day". The

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newspaper, reporting the couple's arrival, wrote that they could look forward to a "heavy programme" of events. The couple and their entourage, which included the Duke's cousin

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works. Allen suggests that this demonstrated a policy of pleasing the Duke through his wife. On a visit to one of Ley's GLF meetings Edward made a speech, telling the assembly:

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operations were forcibly taken over by a U.S.-based subordinate. The Duke's public connection to Bedaux, combined with the bad publicity, persuaded Edward to cancel the tour.

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Contemporaries were aware of the negative connotations of a trip to Germany at the time. The announcement took everyone by surprise, and those sympathetic to Edward, such as

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The Windsors returned to Paris on 24 October, with a fortnight to prepare for the tour of the United States. The week after the Windsors left Munich, the Nazis executed two

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recollections of his actions and opinions. Instead, there is something one comes across only very rarely in Nazi utterances: genuine respect; the respect felt for an equal."

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Taliaferro, J. W.; Ripsman, N. M.; Lobell, S. E. (2012). "Introduction: Grand Strategy Between the World Wars". In Lobell, S. E.; Taliaferro, J. W.; Ripsman, N. M. (eds.).

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Edward realised that his family, the government, the Church, and the people would not support the marriage. Thus, in December 1936, he abdicated. His younger brother, the

4701: 994:. The minutes of the meeting appear to have been lost, presumably destroyed during the war. The Duchess did not join her husband but instead had tea with Hess. General 925:

and the British national anthems. The Nazis, researcher Peter Allen finds, knew the Duchess to have a keen interest in china, and as such, they included a trip to the

427:, commented in 1936 that he "is going the dictator way, and is pro-German". Simpson was also believed to hold similar views on account of her rejection by the British 1151:) wrote that "if the Duke wants to study social problems he had far better quietly read books and get advice in private, rather than put his foot in it in this way". 330:

George VI is said to have been horrified by his brother's entry into European political affairs at such a delicate time. George wrote to Edward's political advisor,

483:, points out that the only possible state visit was to Germany and also suggested that the Duke wished to prove to his wife that he had lost nothing by abdicating. 338:

suggests that the visit indicated that Edward had no intention of retiring: rather, he intended to behave independently of the King's and the government's wishes.

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was the daughter of a German princess; further, writes Petropoulos, "the Germanness of the British Royals dissipated very slowly". The family's official name was

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warned the Duke that the Nazis were propaganda experts; the Duke agreed but promised not to speak publicly while he was there. The government, argues historian

664:. They were greeted by Ley, who kissed her hand and called her "Your Highness". With Ley was a welcoming delegation including Ribbentrop and the deputy to the 471:, probably wanted to restore the countries' close ties, which had been broken by the First World War. He also wanted to make his new wife the centrepiece of a 700: 354: 5793: 971: 678:

reception that Ley had organised. With few of the crowd having seen them, the couple were driven away at high-speed in their Mercedes, to their hotel, the

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suggests that the British government knew that it could not prevent what was officially a visit by a private individual. In private, the news angered both

5372:

The Crawford Papers: The Journals of David Lindsay, Twenty-seventh Earl of Crawford and Tenth Earl of Balcarres (1871-1940), During the Years 1892 to 1940

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together. It is more likely, she claims, that the rooftop restaurant meetings involved men such as Wiedemann finalising the itinerary and other minutiae.

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Ley was an acquaintance of Bedaux, and they worked together throughout the 1930s in various enterprises of Bedaux's that had to run under Nazi oversight.

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that we ourselves would be able to watch as the Nazis and the Reds would fight each other". His equerry, Forwood, said something similar in his memoirs:

640: 495:, whom Bloch describes as an "enigmatic time and motion tycoon". Edward was agreeable and saw it as a way of raising his profile. By April 1937, Colonel 440: 424: 5760: 5290:"Windsor [née Warfield; Other Married Names Spencer, Simpson], (Bessie) Wallis, Duchess of Windsor (1896–1986), Wife of Edward, Duke of Windsor" 1437:

notes that they contain solely-unsubstantiated rumours and some that are very wild. Middlemas stated that on the contrary, she disliked von Ribbentrop.

1100:, and that he was a man with whom the Nazis could work. The tour may have given rise to later suspicions that in the event of a successful outcome to 958: 946: 6098: 431:, and many within the government suspected her to have spied for Hitler while she lived in Britain though she denied that in her autobiography. The 1273:. Unions said that they would not support the Windsors' visit and called them either "emissaries of a dictatorship or uninformed sentimentalists". 80:, were against the backdrop of looming war in Europe. The Duke's supporters saw him as a potential peacemaker between Britain and Germany, but the 620: 5778: 5732: 5710: 172: 5563: 5531: 5512: 5493: 5457: 5438: 5419: 5379: 5360: 5341: 5322: 5278: 5234: 5215: 5196: 5177: 5140: 5121: 5102: 5083: 5064: 5024: 5005: 4986: 4950: 4931: 4912: 4893: 4874: 4855: 4836: 4817: 4781: 4762: 4726: 4686: 4667: 4648: 4629: 4610: 4591: 4572: 4550: 4531: 4512: 4493: 4474: 4455: 4403: 4367: 4348: 4329: 4310: 4291: 4272: 4236: 4217: 4198: 4179: 4160: 4141: 4122: 4103: 4047: 4028: 4009: 1197:

suggests Morton, did not see him "either publicly or privately, as a collaborator, appeaser or traitor to his country. Far from it." Scholar

544:, but the nature of their discussions remains unknown, which has encouraged what Cadbury terms colourful theories. One such, for example, by 464: 1109: 784:

Hermann Göring to keep the Nazi leadership informed of the Windsors' private opinions. The German government was funding the visit, which

81: 6128: 5727: 5690: 1544: 361:, was concerned that the Duke would gather a party around him and promote his own personal foreign policy, outside government control. 6113: 624: 148: 1489:

was Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David, and he was commonly addressed by the last of his names by his family circle.

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Simpson, meanwhile, notes Morton, maintained the fiction in her letters to her friends and family that they were merely sightseeing.

5653: 5253: 1588: 346: 256:, there was a sense of political unease towards the future and an expectation of war although foreign policy remained predicated on 5289: 4697: 4430: 1294:

wrote a conciliatory letter to the Windsors that expressed hope that the tour would eventually go ahead. After the outbreak of the

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delegation, wearing his brown Nazi uniform and for once not drunk, delighted them both by deferring to her as 'Her Royal Highness'.

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determines, who told him that the abdication "constituted a plot by the British Government to rid itself of a pro-German monarch".

5962: 5670: 5641: 1299: 1048: 292: 1604: 1010:, "mildly irritated the Duke by insisting on using an interpreter rather than speaking directly to him in German". Interpreter 475:. Historian Ted Powell suggests that the Duke would have visited any country that would accept his wife on his terms. Edward's 432: 219:. He remained an intriguing international celebrity, his marital turmoil only enhancing the iconic mystery surrounding the man. 1592: 1393: 1288: 1298:

in 1939, says Bloch, the British government removed the Windsors from Europe for the war's duration. The Duke was appointed

32: 4926:. Prinz-Albert-Forschungen/Prince Albert Research Publications. Vol. IV. Munich: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 147–160. 92:

as his consort. He promised the government to keep a low profile, and the tour went ahead between 12 and 23 October 1937.

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Bedaux was already unpopular in America for his known close associations with the Nazis, and during the war, an aide to

901: 841: 252:, and Germany. Also, Germany was becoming increasingly aggressive and had spent the previous few years rearming. In the 17: 443:, a former Austrian ambassador to the UK who was George V's second cousin, believed that both Windsors favoured German 5647: 1540: 1086: 761: 545: 6123: 5745: 5581: 4062: 1250: 1011: 743: 436: 6029: 5715: 5556: 1339:

the following year; they divorced in May 1937. Spencer and Simpson did not die until 1950 and 1958, respectively.

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at the Foreign Office, 13 October 1937, in his first report on the Windsors' tour since their arrival in Germany

533:

gentleman so should be interesting". However she noted that at that stage, it was still only a proposal. Writer

6093: 6016: 793: 788: 679: 404: 194:, succeeded him as George VI, and Edward was given the title of Duke of Windsor. Edward and Simpson married in 5837: 709: 6118: 1127: 594:, on 20 September. A public announcement followed two weeks later. A telegram to the Foreign Office stated: 586: 420: 176: 6034: 6011: 5968: 5891: 5151: 1385: 395:] of many of our relations". He knew, too, that German blood "flowed strongly in him", and researcher 207: 124: 6006: 5898: 5788: 5755: 1291: 1148: 1066: 849: 591: 451:

in Europe. Edward also, according to the Count, favoured an alliance with Nazi Germany around the time.

408: 195: 660:

describes how the Duchess "covered in jewels ... did her best to look suitably royal", dressed in

815: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5869: 5853: 5549: 5370:

Vincent, J. (1984). "Appendix: The Duke of Windsor's Attempted Comeback, 1937". In Vincent J. (ed.).

4414: 1139: 1062: 804:

wheel of the Windsors' Mercedes while he was driving at speed and crashed them into the gates of the

717: 604: 164: 840:, Hitler's personal bodyguard. The Duchess did not accompany her husband everywhere; he visited the 5996: 1451: 1217: 1198: 1131: 995: 581: 529: 319: 261: 96: 509:

acted as a go-between for the Duke in the early discussions. Bedaux wrote to Solbert to tell him:

396: 107:

for the rearmament effort, and the Duke inspected German troops. The Windsors were greeted by the

6024: 5920: 5845: 5675: 4943:

The King Who Had to Go: Edward VIII, Mrs Simpson and the Hidden Politics of the Abdication Crisis

1617: 1279: 1101: 1047:

The Duke and Duchess spent the last night of their tour back in Munich, where they stayed at the

999: 277: 41: 5861: 767: 671: 5245: 5189:

The Challenge of Grand Strategy: The Great Powers and the Broken Balance between the World Wars

454: 5829: 5740: 5685: 5527: 5508: 5489: 5472: 5453: 5434: 5415: 5398: 5375: 5356: 5337: 5318: 5274: 5230: 5211: 5192: 5173: 5157: 5136: 5117: 5098: 5079: 5060: 5043: 5020: 5001: 4982: 4965: 4946: 4927: 4908: 4889: 4870: 4851: 4832: 4813: 4796: 4777: 4758: 4741: 4722: 4682: 4663: 4644: 4625: 4606: 4587: 4568: 4546: 4527: 4508: 4489: 4470: 4451: 4422: 4399: 4382: 4363: 4344: 4325: 4306: 4287: 4268: 4251: 4232: 4213: 4194: 4175: 4156: 4137: 4118: 4099: 4083: 4043: 4024: 4005: 1401: 926: 779: 612: 382: 369: 342: 300: 296: 281: 237: 168: 120: 108: 85: 5589: 4396:

The Third Reich in Power, 1933–1939: How the Nazis Won Over the Hearts and Minds of a Nation

1621: 1566: 1144: 1095: 657: 506: 480: 491:

A tour of Germany had been broached with the Duke before his wedding by French businessman

6001: 5945: 5939: 1578:

The annexation of Austria took place almost six months to the day later, on 12 March 1938.

1560: 1397: 1359: 1237: 1069:, a personal friend of the Duke's father. The main event was a dinner given by Rudolf and 922: 819:

Colourised postcard from 1911 of the Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft factory in Untertürkheim

525: 400: 358: 350: 331: 311: 288: 180: 116: 72: 4360:

Hitler's Last Chief of Foreign Intelligence: Allied Interrogations of Walter Schellenberg

4810:

Hitler's Mountain: The Führer, Obersalzberg and the American Occupation of Berchtesgaden

5823:

I've danced with a man, who's danced with a girl, who's danced with the Prince of Wales

5611: 4560: 1634: 1600: 1513: 1504: 1499: 1411: 1389: 1336: 1040: 1007: 853: 825: 721: 608: 553: 492: 392: 335: 253: 56: 4191:

Travellers in the Third Reich: The Rise of Fascism Through the Eyes of Everyday People

6087: 5974: 5950: 5885: 1434: 1224: 1177: 1159: 857: 705: 501: 496: 416: 268: 249: 136: 77: 4096:

The Conquerors: Roosevelt, Truman and the Destruction of Hitler's Germany, 1941–1945

584:(GLF). Edward first indicated that he intended to accept in a letter to the British 6044: 5991: 5680: 5623: 1596: 1473: 1312: 1295: 1258: 1254: 1105: 905: 880: 809: 756: 534: 428: 304: 245: 216: 191: 132: 128: 60: 45: 5114:

Soccer under the Swastika: Stories of Survival and Resistance during the Holocaust

4922:

Petropoulos, J. (2008). "The Hessens and the British Royals". In Urbach K. (ed.).

652:. That was first demonstrated on their arrival, early Monday morning, at Berlin's 4341:

Royal Mistresses of the House of Hanover-Windsor: Secrets, Scandals and Betrayals

4303:

Princes at War: The British Royal Family's Private Battle in the Second World War

796:. When the Duke enquired as to their purpose, Ley replied, wrote Forwood later, " 260:. Baldwin resigned as prime minister in May 1937 and was replaced by his deputy, 5572: 1454:

earning him a description as "the most unreliable writer on Hollywood politics".

1262: 1186: 1053: 866: 739: 720:. The night was attended by Speer with whom they discussed classical music, and 649: 557: 472: 412: 257: 140: 112: 89: 52: 37: 4058: 381:

Edward was an admirer of Germany and fluent in its language, which the Duke in

143:. Hitler was sympathetic to the Windsors and treated the Duchess like royalty. 1486: 1227:, "as a convinced monarchist did everything to keep the institution intact". 1216:

it all passed off with such distinction and success". The new prime minister,

1182: 1058: 991: 785: 730: 661: 577: 541: 468: 314:, ambassadors, government ministers, and European royals, at his residence in 273: 100: 5476: 5402: 5161: 5047: 4969: 4800: 4745: 4426: 4386: 4255: 4087: 879:. There, Hitler's deputy gave them high tea, followed by a tour of his large 272:

and visit Hitler in the mid-thirties just as it was to go to China and visit

6069: 5629: 4322:

Prince Albert and the University: The Prince Albert Sesquicentennial Lecture

1406: 1400:. The crisis came to a head in 1916, when London was bombed by a new German 1363: 1266: 1153: 1070: 1003: 887: 872: 845: 829: 800:'it is where they store the cold meat.' In a horrible sense that was true." 666: 448: 228: 95:

The Duke and the Duchess, who were officially invited to the country by the

68: 5034:

Schwoerer, L. G. (1970). "Lord Halifax's Visit To Germany: November 1937".

1516:, which conveyed precedence, could be used by the Duke but not the Duchess. 4867:

The Myth of the Good War: America in the Second World War, revised edition

4738:

The World of Walther Nernst: The Rise and Fall of German Science 1864–1941

599:

purpose of studying housing and working conditions in these two countries.

6062: 5617: 5585: 1642: 1638: 1270: 1220:, disagreed with the tour and privately worked against it, but, comments 1185:, comparing the meeting with Hitler with others that had taken place—the 726: 285: 160: 104: 1104:, a German invasion of Britain, the Duke would have been appointed as a 5353:

Behind Closed Doors: The Tragic, Untold Story of the Duchess of Windsor

1410:; the next year, George V changed the name to the "thoroughly British" 1164: 998:

acted as her interpreter. A friend of the Windsors, French millionaire

893: 568: 476: 444: 399:

speculates that Edward's ancestry led him to favour German culture. As

315: 280:, had visited Germany two years before the Windsors. The leader of the 4415:"Wallis Simpson, the Nazi Minister, the Telltale Monk and an FBI Plot" 4002:

British Politics and Foreign Policy in the Age of Appeasement, 1935–39

206:

and established their headquarters there. Internationally, journalist

1261:. They were widely admired in the American labour movement for their 917: 805: 716:

On their first night in Berlin, they joined Ribbentrop for dinner at

308: 199: 5957:

The Duke and Duchess of Windsor in conversation with Kenneth Harris

1366:

between the major powers reduced their political room to manoeuvre.

1536: 913: 909: 814: 699: 567: 549: 453: 227: 203: 31: 4848:

Wallis in Love: The Untold True Passion of the Duchess of Windsor

5877: 4284:

American Grand Strategy in the Mediterranean during World War II

4040:

Was Hitler a Riddle?: Western Democracies and National Socialism

3029: 3027: 2941: 2939: 2937: 1666: 5545: 3300: 3298: 3296: 1375:

Beaverbrook tried to persuade Windsor to make only the US tour.

5541: 3820: 3818: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3581: 3579: 3566: 3564: 3184: 3182: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3014: 3012: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2383: 2381: 1447: 863:

On 14 October, the Duke and the Duchess visited Göring at his

5469:

A King's Story: The Memoirs of H.R.H. the Duke of Windsor K.G

5374:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 616–621. 4719:

Neville Chamberlain, Appeasement, and the British Road to War

2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2876: 2874: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2410: 2408: 2284: 2282: 1472:

Hitler had been encouraged in that belief by von Ribbentrop,

236:

The European political background to the tour was tense. The

103:. The couple visited factories, many of which were producing 5273:. Vol. I. Translated by Chase, J. London: Bodley Head. 4905:

Royals and the Reich: The Princes von Hessen in Nazi Germany

4172:

Appeasing Hitler: Chamberlain, Churchill and the Road to War

2642: 2640: 2638: 1051:; the Duke received some personal guests. One of them was a 540:

Several contacts visited the Windsors at their Paris hotel,

458:

Stanley Baldwin, prime minister during the abdication crisis

5246:"Windsor, Duke of: From Mr. Ogilvie-Forbes (to Mr. Harvey)" 764:, travelled around Germany on Hitler's personal train, the 5057:

That Woman: The Life of Wallis Simpson, Duchess of Windsor

4021:

The Windsor Secret: New Revelations of the Nazi Connection

3247: 3245: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 1543:, who was also a "useful ally" and "equally anti-French", 852:

to the Duke, and while there he met British racing driver

365:

sympathetic to the cause of improving working conditions.

353:, but its "main fears ... were of indiscretion". The 3781: 3779: 3145: 3143: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 2975: 2973: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 1112:

summed up the British establishment's views on the Duke:

572:

Robert Ley was the Windsors' chaperone during their tour.

99:, were chaperoned for much of their visit by its leader, 5191:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1 36. 5000:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. 4507:(electronic ed.). Kibworth: Book Guild Publishing. 3431: 3429: 3356: 3354: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3085: 3083: 3081: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2147: 2145: 2091: 2089: 2087: 1535:

The Duke and Duchess of Saxe-Coburg were members of the

18:

Duke and Duchess of Windsor's tour of Germany, 1937

5431:

A Race with Love and Death: The Story of Richard Seaman

4829:

17 Carnations: The Windsors, the Nazis and the Cover-Up

4622:

Goering: The Rise and Fall of the Notorious Nazi Leader

3955: 3953: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1917: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1539:

and had maintained contact with Windsor's brother, the

303:. Similarly, Hitler hosted many non-Germans, including 159:

Edward VIII became king after the death of his father,

48:. Hitler treated the Duchess with full royal deference. 5315:

Terrible Exile: The Last Days of Napoleon on St Helena

2772: 2770: 1854: 1852: 1850: 198:

in June the following year, and having honeymooned in

4924:

Royal Kinship. Anglo-German Family Networks 1815–1918

1681: 1679: 992:

territorial expansion into Central and Eastern Europe

5505:

Nazi Wives: The Women at the Top of Hitler's Germany

5059:(electronic ed.). New York: St Martin's Press. 4945:(electronic ed.). London: Biteback Publishing. 4584:

Military Trains and Railways: An Illustrated History

4565:

British Political Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary

1508:

just before the couples' marriage, and known as the

1134:

was prime minister during the Windsors' German tour.

1117:

hope this will give him a sharp and salutary lesson.

240:, which had broken out the previous year, upset the 5984: 5931: 5812: 5771: 5703: 5663: 5604: 5597: 4486:

Mrs Simpson: Secret Lives of the Duchess of Windsor

4117:(1st American ed.). New York: Coward, McCann. 4078:Beaverbrook, M. A. (1966), Taylor, A. J. P. (ed.), 4042:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 1396:, which caused acute publicity problems during the 4229:Edward VIII (Penguin Monarchs): The Uncrowned King 1067:Adolphus Frederick VI of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 167:. As king, Edward was the titular governor of the 4643:(electronic ed.). New York: The Dial Press. 4641:Magda Goebbels: The First Lady of the Third Reich 1335:in 1916; they divorced in 1927. She then married 1143:of the parliamentary divide, the Labour Party MP 71:had become king. Edward had been given the title 4343:(electronic ed.). Melbourne: Pirgos Press. 3384: 3134: 1304: 1233: 1203: 1114: 1032: 1016: 931: 684: 617:Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office 596: 552:Hitler's deputy, Rudolf Hess, Hess's assistant 519:Charles Bedaux to Oscar Solbert, 23 August 1937 511: 212: 5229:. The Third Reich. New York: Time-Life Books. 5170:The Germanic Isle: Nazi Perceptions of Britain 3396: 1633:The island of St Helena, in the middle of the 808:factory that they were visiting. One of Ley's 792:buildings that they later realised had been a 5636:Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood 5557: 2336: 1841: 1433:Those records were released in 2002 although 1302:. Churchill wrote to Roosevelt in July 1940: 848:alone, which was intended to showcase German 115:. They dined with high-ranking Nazis such as 8: 4505:Abdication: The Rise and Fall of Edward VIII 1558: 1093: 1084: 1025: 885: 864: 833: 828:in a workers' concert hall, and inspected a 777: 765: 386: 276:in the sixties". The former prime minister, 183:'s government would almost certainly resign 5317:(electronic ed.). London: Bloomsbury. 4850:(electronic ed.). New York: Hachette. 4831:(electronic ed.). New York: Hachette. 4721:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 4700:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 4450:. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin. 4305:(electronic ed.). London: Bloomsbury. 4059:"When the Duke of Windsor met Adolf Hitler" 3621: 3263: 3110: 3018: 3003: 2899: 2880: 2853: 2841: 2497: 2399: 2324: 2288: 1805: 1697: 528:, with final preparations discussed at the 179:. Edward knew that if he forced the issue, 5981: 5601: 5564: 5550: 5542: 1656: 441:Albert von Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein 5172:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4413:Evans, R. J.; Hencke, D. (29 June 2002). 4324:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4286:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3236: 3033: 2533: 2509: 2225: 2213: 2163: 2054: 1953: 548:, suggests that on one occasion the Duke 411:, and he had toured Germany twice before 210:stated that the Duke was viewed as being 5524:King Edward VIII: The Official Biography 5389:Watt, G. (2017). "The Coronation Oath". 4812:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. 4586:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. 4398:(electronic ed.). London: Penguin. 4231:(electronic ed.). London: Penguin. 4212:(electronic ed.). London: Penguin. 3908: 3758: 3710: 3657: 3555: 3122: 3089: 2945: 2865: 2588: 2312: 2237: 2119: 1977: 1965: 1941: 1929: 1837: 1781: 1126: 772:, while their telephones were bugged by 754:The Berlin correspondent of the British 724:and Joseph Goebbels, who were Germany's 5294:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4448:Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years 4263:Bryan, J. M.; Murphy, C. J. V. (1979). 4004:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 3809: 3797: 3722: 3609: 3543: 3531: 3519: 3483: 3408: 3304: 3251: 3212: 3188: 3161: 3072: 3045: 2979: 2928: 2793: 2761: 2557: 2461: 2426: 2387: 2372: 2360: 2300: 2273: 2261: 2249: 2182: 2107: 2095: 2078: 2042: 1858: 1833: 1829: 1817: 1721: 1675: 1324: 415:broke out in 1914. One of his friends, 377:Political views of the Duke and Duchess 5892:Christmas special: "The London Season" 4134:The Secret File of the Duke of Windsor 3971: 3932: 3824: 3785: 3770: 3698: 3674: 3633: 3597: 3507: 3447: 3372: 3328: 3287: 3275: 3224: 3200: 3173: 3149: 2991: 2916: 2749: 2737: 2725: 2629: 2617: 2521: 2485: 2151: 2066: 2030: 1905: 1870: 1512:, explicitly stated that the title of 1388:was German, and his great-grandmother 904:, where they observed the training of 5300:from the original on 19 December 2018 4155:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 4065:from the original on 23 November 2016 3983: 3959: 3944: 3920: 3896: 3884: 3872: 3860: 3848: 3836: 3746: 3734: 3686: 3645: 3585: 3570: 3495: 3471: 3435: 3420: 3360: 3345: 3316: 2816: 2776: 2713: 2701: 2689: 2677: 2658: 2600: 2569: 2414: 2201: 2136: 2018: 1989: 1918:Taliaferro, Ripsman & Lobell 2012 1893: 1769: 1757: 1745: 1733: 1709: 1685: 1240:, which had been extremely socialist. 291:met with Hitler in April 1937. Also, 7: 5116:. London: Rowman & Littlefield. 2964: 2646: 2545: 2473: 2438: 2348: 1793: 1360:late 1930s became increasingly tense 1311:The Duchess called the Bahamas "the 1138:Similarly, diplomat and soldier Sir 712:; Ley is in the light-coloured coat. 5691:Thelma Furness, Viscountess Furness 5336:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5210:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5076:Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth 5019:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 4981:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4907:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4795:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 4620:Manvell, R.; Fraenkel, H. (2011) . 4603:Doctor Goebbels: His Life and Death 4601:Manvell, R.; Fraenkel, H. (2010) . 4543:To Hell and Back: Europe, 1914–1949 4381:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 3459: 1557:Ley was a personal practitioner of 4979:King Edward VIII: An American Life 4080:The Abdication of King Edward VIII 1565:, and, according to the physicist 67:in December 1936, and his brother 25: 6134:Foreign relations of Nazi Germany 5414:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. 5256:from the original on 16 June 2020 5133:Robert Ley: Hitler's Labor Leader 4704:from the original on 25 June 2020 4433:from the original on 20 July 2014 908:members. On an inspection of the 6104:Germany–United Kingdom relations 5642:Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester 5484:Winter, G.; Kochman, W. (1990). 5433:. London: Simon & Schuster. 4681:. New York: Simon and Schuster. 4098:. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1660:Note (electronic editions only) 957: 945: 6099:1937 in international relations 5488:. New York: St Martin's Press. 5097:. Richmond Hill, Ontario: NDE. 1605:Governor of the Bank of England 1253:organisers and labour leaders: 704:The Duke of Windsor inspecting 175:, and weakened his position as 4964:. London: G. Allen and Unwin. 4869:. Toronto, ON: James Lorimer. 4250:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 4248:Anschluss: The Rape of Austria 970:Letter from Ogilvie-Forbes to 824:saw a winter relief centre, a 53:Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor 1: 5526:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 5507:. Cheltenham: History Press. 5135:. New York: Berg Publishers. 4358:Doerries, R. R., ed. (2003). 1599:, as well as economists like 646:Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 6040:Prince of Wales Country Club 5471:. London: Cassell & Co. 5450:Hitler's Alpine Headquarters 4776:. New York: William Morrow. 4660:The Making of Modern Britain 1384:Windsor's great-grandfather 1014:later recalled the meeting: 902:Academy for Youth Leadership 842:Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft 735:Reich Minister of Propaganda 65:abdicated the British throne 63:in October 1937. Edward had 5671:Lady Rosemary Leveson-Gower 5648:Prince George, Duke of Kent 5452:. Barnsley: Pen and Sword. 4888:. London: Haus Publishing. 4624:. London: Frontline Books. 4582:Lepage, J-D. G. G. (2017). 4377:Donaldson, Frances (1974). 4246:Brook-Shepherd, G. (1963). 4210:George VI: The Dutiful King 4082:, London: Hamish Hamilton, 4023:. New York: Stein and Day. 3385:Manvell & Fraenkel 2011 3135:Manvell & Fraenkel 2010 1624:, believed him to be a spy. 1087:Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung 437:German ambassador in London 326:Royal and governmental view 6150: 6129:1937 in the United Kingdom 5582:King of the United Kingdom 5391:Ecclesiastical Law Journal 4960:Pope-Hennessy, J. (1959). 4774:Gary Cooper: American Hero 4755:A History of Modern Europe 4524:George VI: A New Biography 4057:BBC News (10 March 2016). 1362:in Europe, and an ongoing 1061:, who had previously been 916:, production of tanks and 860:team earlier in the year. 836:Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler 57:Wallis, Duchess of Windsor 6114:Abdication of Edward VIII 6057: 6030:Prince of Wales tea blend 5838:Edward & Mrs. Simpson 5579: 5271:Hitler: Ascent, 1889–1939 5208:English History 1914–1945 5206:Taylor, A. J. P. (1992). 4757:. New York: W.W. Norton. 4469:. London: Prentice Hall. 4136:. London: Little, Brown. 4115:The Duke of Windsor's War 4094:Beschloss, M. R. (2002). 2337:Winter & Kochman 1990 1333:Earl Winfield Spencer Jr. 1222:historian of Nazi Germany 856:, who had signed for the 774:Prince Christoph of Hesse 762:Prince Philipp von Hessen 487:Overture and organisation 5721:Instrument of Abdication 5095:Women of the Third Reich 4903:Petropoulos, J. (2006). 4808:Mitchell, A. H. (2007). 4753:Merriman, J. M. (1996). 4736:Mendelssohn, K. (1973). 4174:. London: Random House. 4000:Adams, R. J. Q. (1993). 1315:of the 1940s" for them. 934:is one man and one will. 463:would have strengthened 405:Magdalen College, Oxford 149:American labour movement 27:Political crisis in 1937 5833:(1965 documentary film) 5784:Official overseas trips 5244:TNA (13 October 1937). 5156:, New York: Macmillan, 5112:Simpson, K. E. (2016). 5093:Sigmund, A. M. (2000). 4865:Pauwels, J. R. (2015). 3019:Bryan & Murphy 1979 3004:Bryan & Murphy 1979 2854:Bryan & Murphy 1979 2498:Evans & Hencke 2002 2400:Bryan & Murphy 1979 2289:Bryan & Murphy 1979 1300:governor of the Bahamas 1049:Vier Jahreszeiten Hotel 656:on 11 October. Scholar 654:Friedrichstraße station 109:British national anthem 6035:Prince of Wales Trophy 6012:King Edward VIII Falls 5911:S2 E6: "Vergangenheit" 5355:. London: Hutchinson. 5334:Go-betweens for Hitler 5153:Inside the Third Reich 5015:Rose, Kenneth (1983). 4791:Middlemas, K. (1969). 4717:McDonough, F. (1998). 4677:Martin, R. G. (1973). 4639:Meissner, H. (1980) . 4605:. New York: Skyhorse. 4567:. New York: ABC-CLIO. 4526:. London: Hutchinson. 4153:The Duchess of Windsor 1808:, pp. 39–44, 122. 1559: 1309: 1242: 1208: 1135: 1125: 1094: 1085: 1037: 1026: 1021: 936: 886: 865: 834: 820: 778: 766: 746:and then his funeral. 713: 695: 623:, wrote to the King's 601: 573: 556:, and Hollywood actor 522: 465:Anglo-German relations 459: 439:during the mid-1930s. 387: 233: 221: 177:constitutional monarch 125:Joachim von Ribbentrop 49: 6007:Edward VIII Ice Shelf 5916:S3 E8: "Dangling Man" 5789:Prince of Wales riots 5756:1936 Birthday Honours 5486:Secrets of the Royals 5429:Williams, R. (2020). 5250:The National Archives 5227:The Center of the Web 4962:Queen Mary: 1867–1953 4941:Phillips, A. (2016). 4740:. London: Macmillan. 4662:. London: Macmillan. 4465:Hamilton, A. (1986). 4394:Evans, R. J. (2005). 4362:. London: Routledge. 4339:de Vries, S. (2012). 4320:Chadwick, O. (1998). 4282:Buchanan, A. (2014). 4208:Bradford, S. (2013). 4193:. New York: Pegasus. 4170:Bouverie, T. (2019). 1510:Depriving Act of 1937 1452:celebrity biographies 1292:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1149:London County Council 1140:Robert Bruce Lockhart 1130: 875:, where they saw his 850:precision engineering 832:SS squadron with the 818: 710:Ordensburg Krössinsee 703: 592:George Ogilvie-Forbes 571: 457: 447:as a bulwark against 409:Hermann Georg Fiedler 232:Map of Europe in 1923 231: 86:British establishment 35: 5854:Bertie and Elizabeth 5799:1937 Tour of Germany 5728:Abandoned coronation 5522:Ziegler, P. (1991). 5467:Windsor, E. (1951). 5412:A Century of Royalty 5351:Vickers, H. (2011). 5269:Ullrich, V. (2016). 5131:Smelser, R. (1988). 4998:The House of Windsor 4996:Roberts, A. (2000). 4884:Perkins, A. (2006). 4793:Baldwin: A Biography 4696:Matthew, H. (2004). 4541:Kershaw, I. (2015). 4522:Howarth, P. (1987). 4503:Hichens, M. (2016). 4446:Gilbert, M. (1982). 4301:Cadbury, D. (2015). 4267:. New York: Morrow. 4227:Brendon, P. (2016). 2057:, pp. 354, 374. 1595:and the rest of the 1448:British Intelligence 1122:The Earl of Crawford 1108:. In his diary, the 1063:Master of Ceremonies 744:his father's jubilee 605:Jonathan Petropoulos 403:, he had studied at 6109:October 1937 events 5997:Edward VIII Plateau 5862:Wallis & Edward 5814:Cultural depictions 5503:Wyllie, J. (2019). 5448:Wilson, J. (2013). 5332:Urbach, K. (2015). 5168:Strobl, G. (2000). 5078:. London: Picador. 5074:Sereny, G. (2016). 4977:Powell, T. (2018). 4846:Morton, A. (2018). 4827:Morton, A. (2015). 4772:Meyers, J. (1998). 4545:. London: Penguin. 4484:Higham, C. 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(1984). 2764:, pp. 48, 54. 1842:Pope-Hennessy 1959 1760:, pp. 82, 92. 1637:, was the site of 1618:General Eisenhower 1280:The New York Times 1136: 1102:Operation Sea Lion 1027:"Falschübersetzt!" 1000:Paul-Louis Weiller 821: 794:concentration camp 714: 635:11–23 October 1937 580:, the head of the 574: 460: 278:David Lloyd George 234: 88:, to experience a 82:British government 50: 42:Duchess of Windsor 6124:Diplomatic visits 6079: 6078: 6053: 6052: 5977:(Paris residence) 5870:The King's Speech 5804:Death and funeral 5761:Privy Counsellors 5733:Special addresses 5699: 5698: 5686:Freda Dudley Ward 5586:British Dominions 5533:978-0-39457-730-2 5514:978-0-75099-362-3 5495:978-0-86051-706-1 5459:978-1-78303-004-0 5440:978-1-47117-936-5 5421:978-0-74781-488-7 5410:West, E. (2014). 5381:978-0-71900-948-8 5362:978-0-09193-155-1 5343:978-0-19870-366-2 5324:978-0-85771-733-7 5280:978-1-84792-285-4 5236:978-0-8094-6987-1 5217:978-0-19280-140-1 5198:978-1-13953-677-6 5179:978-0-5217-8265-4 5142:978-0-85496-161-0 5123:978-1-44226-163-1 5104:978-1-55321-105-1 5085:978-0-33047-629-4 5066:978-1-25002-218-9 5026:978-0-297-78245-2 5007:978-0-52022-803-0 4988:978-0-19251-456-1 4952:978-1-78590-157-7 4933:978-3-59844-123-3 4914:978-0-19979-607-6 4895:978-1-90495-060-8 4876:978-1-45940-872-2 4857:978-1-78243-723-9 4838:978-1-78243-465-8 4819:978-0-78642-458-0 4783:978-0-6881-549-43 4764:978-0-39396-888-0 4728:978-0-71904-832-6 4688:978-0-67121-810-2 4669:978-0-23074-524-7 4658:Marr, A. (2009). 4650:978-0-80376-212-1 4631:978-1-84832-600-2 4612:978-1-61608-029-7 4593:978-1-47666-760-7 4574:978-1-57607-043-7 4552:978-0-24118-715-9 4533:978-0-09171-000-2 4514:978-1-91132-041-8 4495:978-0-33042-678-7 4476:978-0-13783-358-0 4457:978-0-39531-869-0 4405:978-0-71819-681-3 4369:978-1-13577-289-5 4350:978-1-74298-269-4 4331:978-0-52163-756-5 4312:978-1-40884-509-7 4293:978-1-10704-414-2 4274:978-0-68803-553-2 4265:The Windsor Story 4238:978-0-24119-642-7 4219:978-0-24196-823-9 4200:978-1-78396-381-2 4189:Boyd, J. (2018). 4181:978-1-47354-775-9 4162:978-0-29783-590-5 4143:978-0-34900-108-1 4124:978-0-69811-177-6 4105:978-0-74324-454-1 4049:978-0-80478-459-7 4030:978-0-81282-975-4 4011:978-0-80472-101-1 3947:, pp. 79–80. 3749:, p. 39 n.3. 3048:, pp. 54–55. 2661:, pp. 79–80. 1980:, pp. 69–70. 1772:, pp. 62–67. 1748:, pp. 76–77. 1700:, pp. 28–33. 1673: 1672: 1394:Saxe-Coburg Gotha 1358:Politically, the 927:Meissen porcelain 877:miniature railway 780:Reichsstatthalter 776:on the orders of 625:Private Secretary 621:Robert Vansittart 613:Buckingham Palace 587:chargé d'affaires 370:Frances Donaldson 343:Winston Churchill 301:Lois G. Schwoerer 297:foreign secretary 238:Spanish Civil War 224:Political context 169:Church of England 16:(Redirected from 6141: 5982: 5921:S5 E3: "Mou Mou" 5906:S1 E3: "Windsor" 5602: 5590:Emperor of India 5566: 5559: 5552: 5543: 5537: 5518: 5499: 5480: 5463: 5444: 5425: 5406: 5385: 5366: 5347: 5328: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5284: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5240: 5221: 5202: 5183: 5164: 5146: 5127: 5108: 5089: 5070: 5051: 5030: 5011: 4992: 4973: 4956: 4937: 4918: 4899: 4880: 4861: 4842: 4823: 4804: 4787: 4768: 4749: 4732: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4692: 4673: 4654: 4635: 4616: 4597: 4578: 4556: 4537: 4518: 4499: 4480: 4461: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4409: 4390: 4373: 4354: 4335: 4316: 4297: 4278: 4259: 4242: 4223: 4204: 4185: 4166: 4147: 4128: 4109: 4090: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4053: 4034: 4015: 3987: 3981: 3975: 3969: 3963: 3957: 3948: 3942: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3918: 3912: 3906: 3900: 3894: 3888: 3882: 3876: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3852: 3846: 3840: 3834: 3828: 3822: 3813: 3807: 3801: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3774: 3768: 3762: 3756: 3750: 3744: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3720: 3714: 3708: 3702: 3696: 3690: 3684: 3678: 3672: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3622:Petropoulos 2006 3619: 3613: 3607: 3601: 3595: 3589: 3583: 3574: 3568: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3535: 3529: 3523: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3499: 3493: 3487: 3481: 3475: 3469: 3463: 3457: 3451: 3445: 3439: 3433: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3364: 3358: 3349: 3343: 3332: 3326: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3302: 3291: 3285: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3264:Mendelssohn 1973 3261: 3255: 3249: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3210: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3186: 3177: 3171: 3165: 3159: 3153: 3147: 3138: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3111:Petropoulos 2006 3108: 3093: 3087: 3076: 3070: 3049: 3043: 3037: 3031: 3022: 3016: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2968: 2962: 2949: 2943: 2932: 2926: 2920: 2914: 2903: 2900:Petropoulos 2006 2897: 2884: 2881:Petropoulos 2006 2878: 2869: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2845: 2842:Petropoulos 2006 2839: 2820: 2814: 2797: 2791: 2780: 2774: 2765: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2735: 2729: 2723: 2717: 2711: 2705: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2662: 2656: 2650: 2644: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2586: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2549: 2543: 2537: 2531: 2525: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2471: 2465: 2459: 2442: 2436: 2430: 2424: 2418: 2412: 2403: 2397: 2391: 2385: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2346: 2340: 2334: 2328: 2325:Petropoulos 2008 2322: 2316: 2310: 2304: 2298: 2292: 2286: 2277: 2271: 2265: 2259: 2253: 2247: 2241: 2235: 2229: 2223: 2217: 2211: 2205: 2199: 2186: 2180: 2167: 2161: 2155: 2149: 2140: 2134: 2123: 2117: 2111: 2105: 2099: 2093: 2082: 2076: 2070: 2064: 2058: 2052: 2046: 2040: 2034: 2028: 2022: 2016: 1993: 1987: 1981: 1975: 1969: 1963: 1957: 1951: 1945: 1939: 1933: 1927: 1921: 1915: 1909: 1903: 1897: 1891: 1874: 1868: 1862: 1856: 1845: 1827: 1821: 1815: 1809: 1806:Beaverbrook 1966 1803: 1797: 1791: 1785: 1779: 1773: 1767: 1761: 1755: 1749: 1743: 1737: 1731: 1725: 1719: 1713: 1707: 1701: 1698:Beaverbrook 1966 1695: 1689: 1683: 1657: 1646: 1631: 1625: 1622:Harry C. Butcher 1614: 1608: 1585: 1579: 1576: 1570: 1567:Kurt Mendelssohn 1564: 1555: 1549: 1533: 1527: 1523: 1517: 1496: 1490: 1483: 1477: 1470: 1464: 1461: 1455: 1444: 1438: 1431: 1425: 1421: 1415: 1382: 1376: 1373: 1367: 1356: 1350: 1346: 1340: 1331:She had married 1329: 1296:Second World War 1145:Herbert Morrison 1123: 1110:Earl of Crawford 1099: 1090: 1029: 961: 949: 900:They visited an 891: 870: 839: 799: 786:modern historian 783: 771: 693: 658:Susanna de Vries 520: 507:Axel Wenner-Gren 390: 347:Lord Beaverbrook 244:and drew in the 242:balance of power 21: 6149: 6148: 6144: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6139: 6138: 6094:1937 in Germany 6084: 6083: 6080: 6075: 6049: 6019:Prince of Wales 6002:Edward VIII Bay 5980: 5946:Operation Willi 5940:Duke of Windsor 5927: 5808: 5767: 5711:Prime ministers 5695: 5659: 5593: 5575: 5570: 5540: 5534: 5521: 5515: 5502: 5496: 5483: 5466: 5460: 5447: 5441: 5428: 5422: 5409: 5388: 5382: 5369: 5363: 5350: 5344: 5331: 5325: 5312: 5303: 5301: 5287: 5281: 5268: 5259: 5257: 5243: 5237: 5224: 5218: 5205: 5199: 5186: 5180: 5167: 5149: 5143: 5130: 5124: 5111: 5105: 5092: 5086: 5073: 5067: 5054: 5033: 5027: 5014: 5008: 4995: 4989: 4976: 4959: 4953: 4940: 4934: 4921: 4915: 4902: 4896: 4883: 4877: 4864: 4858: 4845: 4839: 4826: 4820: 4807: 4790: 4784: 4771: 4765: 4752: 4735: 4729: 4716: 4707: 4705: 4695: 4689: 4676: 4670: 4657: 4651: 4638: 4632: 4619: 4613: 4600: 4594: 4581: 4575: 4559: 4553: 4540: 4534: 4521: 4515: 4502: 4496: 4488:. London: Pan. 4483: 4477: 4464: 4458: 4445: 4436: 4434: 4412: 4406: 4393: 4376: 4370: 4357: 4351: 4338: 4332: 4319: 4313: 4300: 4294: 4281: 4275: 4262: 4245: 4239: 4226: 4220: 4207: 4201: 4188: 4182: 4169: 4163: 4150: 4144: 4131: 4125: 4112: 4106: 4093: 4077: 4068: 4066: 4056: 4050: 4038:Ascher (2012). 4037: 4031: 4018: 4012: 3999: 3995: 3990: 3982: 3978: 3970: 3966: 3958: 3951: 3943: 3939: 3931: 3927: 3919: 3915: 3907: 3903: 3895: 3891: 3883: 3879: 3871: 3867: 3859: 3855: 3847: 3843: 3835: 3831: 3823: 3816: 3808: 3804: 3796: 3792: 3784: 3777: 3769: 3765: 3757: 3753: 3745: 3741: 3733: 3729: 3721: 3717: 3713:, Afterword §3. 3709: 3705: 3697: 3693: 3685: 3681: 3673: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3644: 3640: 3632: 3628: 3620: 3616: 3608: 3604: 3596: 3592: 3584: 3577: 3569: 3562: 3554: 3550: 3542: 3538: 3530: 3526: 3518: 3514: 3506: 3502: 3494: 3490: 3482: 3478: 3470: 3466: 3458: 3454: 3446: 3442: 3434: 3427: 3419: 3415: 3407: 3403: 3395: 3391: 3383: 3379: 3371: 3367: 3359: 3352: 3344: 3335: 3327: 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2158: 2150: 2143: 2135: 2126: 2118: 2114: 2106: 2102: 2094: 2085: 2077: 2073: 2065: 2061: 2053: 2049: 2041: 2037: 2029: 2025: 2017: 1996: 1988: 1984: 1976: 1972: 1964: 1960: 1956:, pp. 1–4. 1952: 1948: 1944:, p. 1202. 1940: 1936: 1928: 1924: 1916: 1912: 1904: 1900: 1892: 1877: 1869: 1865: 1857: 1848: 1840:, p. 241; 1832:, p. 236; 1828: 1824: 1816: 1812: 1804: 1800: 1792: 1788: 1780: 1776: 1768: 1764: 1756: 1752: 1744: 1740: 1732: 1728: 1720: 1716: 1708: 1704: 1696: 1692: 1684: 1677: 1655: 1650: 1649: 1632: 1628: 1615: 1611: 1586: 1582: 1577: 1573: 1561:schrecklichkeit 1556: 1552: 1545:Ludwig of Hesse 1534: 1530: 1524: 1520: 1497: 1493: 1485:Windsor's full 1484: 1480: 1471: 1467: 1462: 1458: 1445: 1441: 1432: 1428: 1422: 1418: 1398:First World War 1383: 1379: 1374: 1370: 1357: 1353: 1347: 1343: 1330: 1326: 1321: 1247: 1238:Weimar Republic 1213: 1173: 1147:(leader of the 1124: 1121: 1080: 1065:for Grand Duke 983: 978: 977: 976: 975: 967: 966: 965: 962: 954: 953: 950: 826:Wagnerian opera 797: 768:Führersonderzug 752: 742:" with at both 694: 692:Deborah Cadbury 691: 672:Artur Görlitzer 637: 566: 526:Fritz Wiedemann 521: 518: 489: 401:Prince of Wales 379: 359:Deborah Cadbury 351:Keith Middlemas 332:Walter Monckton 328: 312:Cesare Orsenigo 289:George Lansbury 226: 181:Stanley Baldwin 173:coronation oath 157: 117:Joseph Goebbels 78:working classes 73:Duke of Windsor 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6147: 6145: 6137: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6119:Wallis Simpson 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6086: 6085: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6073: 6066: 6058: 6055: 6054: 6051: 6050: 6048: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5988: 5986: 5979: 5978: 5972: 5969:Fort Belvedere 5966: 5960: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5935: 5933: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5925: 5924: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5896: 5895: 5894: 5882: 5874: 5866: 5858: 5850: 5842: 5834: 5830:A King's Story 5826: 5818: 5816: 5810: 5809: 5807: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5775: 5773: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5765: 5764: 5763: 5758: 5750: 5749: 5748: 5746:Postage stamps 5743: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5724: 5723: 5713: 5707: 5705: 5701: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5667: 5665: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5657: 5651: 5645: 5639: 5633: 5627: 5621: 5615: 5612:Wallis Simpson 5608: 5606: 5599: 5595: 5594: 5580: 5577: 5576: 5571: 5569: 5568: 5561: 5554: 5546: 5539: 5538: 5532: 5519: 5513: 5500: 5494: 5481: 5464: 5458: 5445: 5439: 5426: 5420: 5407: 5386: 5380: 5367: 5361: 5348: 5342: 5329: 5323: 5310: 5285: 5279: 5266: 5241: 5235: 5222: 5216: 5203: 5197: 5184: 5178: 5165: 5147: 5141: 5128: 5122: 5109: 5103: 5090: 5084: 5071: 5065: 5052: 5031: 5025: 5012: 5006: 4993: 4987: 4974: 4957: 4951: 4938: 4932: 4919: 4913: 4900: 4894: 4881: 4875: 4862: 4856: 4843: 4837: 4824: 4818: 4805: 4788: 4782: 4769: 4763: 4750: 4733: 4727: 4714: 4693: 4687: 4674: 4668: 4655: 4649: 4636: 4630: 4617: 4611: 4598: 4592: 4579: 4573: 4557: 4551: 4538: 4532: 4519: 4513: 4500: 4494: 4481: 4475: 4462: 4456: 4443: 4410: 4404: 4391: 4374: 4368: 4355: 4349: 4336: 4330: 4317: 4311: 4298: 4292: 4279: 4273: 4260: 4243: 4237: 4224: 4218: 4205: 4199: 4186: 4180: 4167: 4161: 4148: 4142: 4129: 4123: 4110: 4104: 4091: 4075: 4054: 4048: 4035: 4029: 4016: 4010: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3988: 3976: 3974:, p. 232. 3964: 3949: 3937: 3925: 3923:, p. 156. 3913: 3901: 3899:, p. 111. 3889: 3887:, p. 119. 3877: 3865: 3863:, p. 120. 3853: 3851:, p. 113. 3841: 3829: 3814: 3802: 3790: 3788:, p. 109. 3775: 3763: 3761:, p. 433. 3751: 3739: 3737:, p. 156. 3727: 3715: 3703: 3691: 3689:, p. 110. 3679: 3662: 3650: 3638: 3626: 3624:, p. 210. 3614: 3602: 3590: 3575: 3560: 3558:, p. 426. 3548: 3536: 3534:, p. 338. 3524: 3522:, p. 172. 3512: 3510:, p. 242. 3500: 3488: 3486:, p. 616. 3476: 3474:, p. 108. 3464: 3452: 3450:, p. 253. 3440: 3438:, p. 106. 3425: 3423:, p. 107. 3413: 3401: 3389: 3377: 3365: 3363:, p. 104. 3350: 3348:, p. 114. 3333: 3321: 3309: 3292: 3280: 3268: 3266:, p. 221. 3256: 3254:, p. 114. 3241: 3237:Time-Life 1990 3229: 3217: 3205: 3203:, p. 149. 3193: 3178: 3166: 3154: 3152:, p. 192. 3139: 3137:, p. 121. 3127: 3115: 3113:, p. 208. 3094: 3077: 3050: 3038: 3034:Donaldson 1974 3023: 3021:, p. 390. 3008: 2996: 2994:, p. 326. 2984: 2969: 2950: 2933: 2921: 2919:, p. 228. 2904: 2902:, p. 207. 2885: 2883:, p. 434. 2870: 2868:, p. 118. 2858: 2846: 2844:, p. 209. 2821: 2819:, p. 115. 2798: 2796:, p. 616. 2781: 2766: 2754: 2742: 2740:, p. 251. 2730: 2718: 2706: 2704:, p. 155. 2694: 2692:, p. 109. 2682: 2680:, p. 110. 2663: 2651: 2634: 2622: 2620:, p. 227. 2605: 2593: 2591:, p. 230. 2574: 2572:, p. 118. 2562: 2560:, p. 122. 2550: 2548:, p. 391. 2538: 2536:, p. 980. 2534:Middlemas 1969 2526: 2524:, p. 213. 2514: 2512:, p. 135. 2510:Beschloss 2002 2502: 2490: 2488:, p. 203. 2478: 2466: 2464:, p. 322. 2443: 2441:, p. 338. 2431: 2419: 2404: 2392: 2377: 2365: 2353: 2341: 2339:, p. 173. 2329: 2327:, p. 152. 2317: 2305: 2293: 2291:, p. 391. 2278: 2266: 2254: 2242: 2230: 2228:, p. 353. 2226:Donaldson 1974 2218: 2216:, p. 996. 2214:Middlemas 1969 2206: 2204:, p. 117. 2187: 2168: 2166:, p. 979. 2164:Middlemas 1969 2156: 2154:, p. 252. 2141: 2139:, p. 102. 2124: 2122:, p. 427. 2112: 2100: 2083: 2071: 2069:, p. 127. 2059: 2055:Schwoerer 1970 2047: 2045:, p. 210. 2035: 2033:, p. 202. 2023: 2021:, p. 113. 1994: 1982: 1970: 1958: 1954:McDonough 1998 1946: 1934: 1922: 1910: 1898: 1896:, p. 112. 1875: 1863: 1846: 1844:, p. 574. 1836:, p. 62; 1822: 1820:, p. 103. 1810: 1798: 1796:, p. 336. 1786: 1774: 1762: 1750: 1738: 1726: 1714: 1702: 1690: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1662: 1661: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1647: 1635:Atlantic Ocean 1626: 1609: 1601:Montagu Norman 1580: 1571: 1550: 1528: 1518: 1514:Royal Highness 1505:London Gazette 1500:letters patent 1491: 1478: 1465: 1456: 1439: 1426: 1416: 1390:Queen Victoria 1377: 1368: 1351: 1349:royal assent". 1341: 1337:Ernest Simpson 1323: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1289:U.S. President 1246: 1243: 1212: 1209: 1172: 1171:Historiography 1169: 1119: 1079: 1076: 1041:Volker Ullrich 1008:Philip Ziegler 982: 981:Meeting Hitler 979: 969: 968: 963: 956: 955: 951: 944: 943: 942: 941: 940: 881:art collection 854:Richard Seaman 751: 748: 689: 650:royal progress 641:Andrew Roberts 636: 633: 609:Downing Street 565: 562: 554:Martin Bormann 546:Charles Higham 516: 493:Charles Bedaux 488: 485: 481:Dudley Forwood 378: 375: 355:Foreign Office 336:Sarah Bradford 327: 324: 254:United Kingdom 225: 222: 156: 153: 121:Hermann Göring 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6146: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6082: 6072: 6071: 6067: 6065: 6064: 6060: 6059: 6056: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6020: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5989: 5987: 5983: 5976: 5975:Villa Windsor 5973: 5970: 5967: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5958: 5954: 5952: 5951:Marburg Files 5949: 5947: 5944: 5941: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5930: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5903: 5902: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5890: 5889: 5888: 5887: 5886:Downton Abbey 5883: 5880: 5879: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5867: 5864: 5863: 5859: 5856: 5855: 5851: 5848: 5847: 5843: 5840: 5839: 5835: 5832: 5831: 5827: 5825:" (1927 song) 5824: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5811: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5776: 5774: 5770: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5753: 5752:Appointments 5751: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5702: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5662: 5655: 5652: 5649: 5646: 5643: 5640: 5637: 5634: 5631: 5628: 5625: 5622: 5619: 5616: 5613: 5610: 5609: 5607: 5603: 5600: 5596: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5578: 5574: 5567: 5562: 5560: 5555: 5553: 5548: 5547: 5544: 5535: 5529: 5525: 5520: 5516: 5510: 5506: 5501: 5497: 5491: 5487: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5465: 5461: 5455: 5451: 5446: 5442: 5436: 5432: 5427: 5423: 5417: 5413: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5387: 5383: 5377: 5373: 5368: 5364: 5358: 5354: 5349: 5345: 5339: 5335: 5330: 5326: 5320: 5316: 5311: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5288:ODNB (2004). 5286: 5282: 5276: 5272: 5267: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5242: 5238: 5232: 5228: 5223: 5219: 5213: 5209: 5204: 5200: 5194: 5190: 5185: 5181: 5175: 5171: 5166: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5154: 5148: 5144: 5138: 5134: 5129: 5125: 5119: 5115: 5110: 5106: 5100: 5096: 5091: 5087: 5081: 5077: 5072: 5068: 5062: 5058: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5036:The Historian 5032: 5028: 5022: 5018: 5017:King George V 5013: 5009: 5003: 4999: 4994: 4990: 4984: 4980: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4958: 4954: 4948: 4944: 4939: 4935: 4929: 4925: 4920: 4916: 4910: 4906: 4901: 4897: 4891: 4887: 4882: 4878: 4872: 4868: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4849: 4844: 4840: 4834: 4830: 4825: 4821: 4815: 4811: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4789: 4785: 4779: 4775: 4770: 4766: 4760: 4756: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4734: 4730: 4724: 4720: 4715: 4703: 4699: 4694: 4690: 4684: 4680: 4675: 4671: 4665: 4661: 4656: 4652: 4646: 4642: 4637: 4633: 4627: 4623: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4604: 4599: 4595: 4589: 4585: 4580: 4576: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4548: 4544: 4539: 4535: 4529: 4525: 4520: 4516: 4510: 4506: 4501: 4497: 4491: 4487: 4482: 4478: 4472: 4468: 4463: 4459: 4453: 4449: 4444: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4411: 4407: 4401: 4397: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4375: 4371: 4365: 4361: 4356: 4352: 4346: 4342: 4337: 4333: 4327: 4323: 4318: 4314: 4308: 4304: 4299: 4295: 4289: 4285: 4280: 4276: 4270: 4266: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4230: 4225: 4221: 4215: 4211: 4206: 4202: 4196: 4192: 4187: 4183: 4177: 4173: 4168: 4164: 4158: 4154: 4149: 4145: 4139: 4135: 4130: 4126: 4120: 4116: 4111: 4107: 4101: 4097: 4092: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4076: 4064: 4060: 4055: 4051: 4045: 4041: 4036: 4032: 4026: 4022: 4017: 4013: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3997: 3992: 3986:, p. 62. 3985: 3980: 3977: 3973: 3968: 3965: 3962:, p. 94. 3961: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3941: 3938: 3934: 3929: 3926: 3922: 3917: 3914: 3911:, p. 46. 3910: 3909:Mitchell 2007 3905: 3902: 3898: 3893: 3890: 3886: 3881: 3878: 3875:, p. 99. 3874: 3869: 3866: 3862: 3857: 3854: 3850: 3845: 3842: 3838: 3833: 3830: 3826: 3821: 3819: 3815: 3812:, p. 46. 3811: 3806: 3803: 3800:, p. 47. 3799: 3794: 3791: 3787: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3767: 3764: 3760: 3759:Bradford 2013 3755: 3752: 3748: 3743: 3740: 3736: 3731: 3728: 3724: 3719: 3716: 3712: 3711:Phillips 2016 3707: 3704: 3700: 3695: 3692: 3688: 3683: 3680: 3676: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3663: 3660:, p. 11. 3659: 3658:Doerries 2003 3654: 3651: 3648:, p. 97. 3647: 3642: 3639: 3635: 3630: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3615: 3612:, p. 53. 3611: 3606: 3603: 3599: 3594: 3591: 3587: 3582: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3567: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3556:Bradford 2013 3552: 3549: 3545: 3540: 3537: 3533: 3528: 3525: 3521: 3516: 3513: 3509: 3504: 3501: 3497: 3492: 3489: 3485: 3480: 3477: 3473: 3468: 3465: 3461: 3456: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3441: 3437: 3432: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3417: 3414: 3411:, p. 62. 3410: 3405: 3402: 3398: 3393: 3390: 3386: 3381: 3378: 3374: 3369: 3366: 3362: 3357: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3322: 3318: 3313: 3310: 3306: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3284: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3269: 3265: 3260: 3257: 3253: 3248: 3246: 3242: 3239:, p. 63. 3238: 3233: 3230: 3226: 3221: 3218: 3214: 3209: 3206: 3202: 3197: 3194: 3190: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3170: 3167: 3163: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3146: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3128: 3124: 3123:Meissner 1980 3119: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3090:BBC News 2016 3086: 3084: 3082: 3078: 3075:, p. 55. 3074: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3042: 3039: 3035: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3015: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3000: 2997: 2993: 2988: 2985: 2982:, p. 54. 2981: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2946:de Vries 2012 2942: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2925: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2877: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2866:Bouverie 2019 2862: 2859: 2855: 2850: 2847: 2843: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2782: 2779:, p. 98. 2778: 2773: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2743: 2739: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2722: 2719: 2715: 2710: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2695: 2691: 2686: 2683: 2679: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2655: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2626: 2623: 2619: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2594: 2590: 2589:Williams 2020 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2563: 2559: 2554: 2551: 2547: 2542: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2515: 2511: 2506: 2503: 2499: 2494: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2435: 2432: 2428: 2423: 2420: 2416: 2411: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2393: 2389: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2375:, p. 98. 2374: 2369: 2366: 2363:, p. 14. 2362: 2357: 2354: 2351:, p. 14. 2350: 2345: 2342: 2338: 2333: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2318: 2314: 2313:Chadwick 1998 2309: 2306: 2303:, p. 41. 2302: 2297: 2294: 2290: 2285: 2283: 2279: 2276:, p. 41. 2275: 2270: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2255: 2251: 2246: 2243: 2239: 2238:Phillips 2016 2234: 2231: 2227: 2222: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2207: 2203: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2185:, p. 52. 2184: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2157: 2153: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2120:Bradford 2013 2116: 2113: 2110:, p. 51. 2109: 2104: 2101: 2098:, p. 49. 2097: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2075: 2072: 2068: 2063: 2060: 2056: 2051: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2024: 2020: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1983: 1979: 1978:Laybourn 2001 1974: 1971: 1968:, p. 23. 1967: 1966:Laybourn 2001 1962: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1947: 1943: 1942:Merriman 1996 1938: 1935: 1932:, p. 55. 1931: 1930:Buchanan 2014 1926: 1923: 1919: 1914: 1911: 1907: 1902: 1899: 1895: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1864: 1860: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1838:Bradford 2013 1835: 1831: 1826: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1799: 1795: 1790: 1787: 1784:, p. 51. 1783: 1782:Hamilton 1986 1778: 1775: 1771: 1766: 1763: 1759: 1754: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1730: 1727: 1723: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1691: 1688:, p. 35. 1687: 1682: 1680: 1676: 1668: 1665:ch. = chapter 1664: 1663: 1659: 1658: 1652: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1630: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1613: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1584: 1581: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1562: 1554: 1551: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1532: 1529: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1506: 1501: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1469: 1466: 1460: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1443: 1440: 1436: 1435:Karina Urbach 1430: 1427: 1420: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1408: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1386:Prince Albert 1381: 1378: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1355: 1352: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1328: 1325: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1308: 1303: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1290: 1285: 1282: 1281: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1232: 1228: 1226: 1225:Karina Urbach 1223: 1219: 1210: 1207: 1202: 1200: 1199:Gerwin Strobl 1194: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1178:Piers Brendon 1170: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1161: 1160:Daily Express 1156: 1155: 1150: 1146: 1141: 1133: 1129: 1118: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1097: 1096:Führerprinzip 1089: 1088: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1042: 1036: 1031: 1028: 1020: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 987: 980: 973: 972:Oliver Harvey 960: 948: 939: 935: 930: 928: 924: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 898: 895: 890: 889: 882: 878: 874: 869: 868: 861: 859: 858:Mercedes-Benz 855: 851: 847: 846:Untertürkheim 843: 838: 837: 831: 827: 817: 813: 811: 807: 801: 795: 790: 787: 782: 781: 775: 770: 769: 763: 759: 758: 749: 747: 745: 741: 736: 732: 729: 728: 723: 719: 711: 707: 702: 698: 688: 683: 681: 675: 673: 669: 668: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 642: 634: 632: 630: 629:Alec Hardinge 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 600: 595: 593: 589: 588: 583: 579: 570: 563: 561: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 538: 536: 531: 527: 515: 510: 508: 503: 502:United States 498: 497:Oscar Solbert 494: 486: 484: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 456: 452: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 425:Southend West 422: 418: 417:Chips Channon 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 393:mother tongue 389: 388:Muttersprache 384: 376: 374: 371: 366: 362: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 339: 337: 333: 325: 323: 321: 317: 313: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 287: 283: 279: 275: 270: 269:Michael Bloch 265: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 230: 223: 220: 218: 211: 209: 208:Andrew Morton 205: 201: 197: 193: 188: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 154: 152: 150: 144: 142: 138: 137:Berchtesgaden 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 93: 91: 87: 83: 79: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 47: 43: 39: 34: 30: 19: 6081: 6068: 6061: 6045:Princes Pier 6018: 5992:Windsor knot 5955: 5899: 5884: 5876: 5868: 5860: 5852: 5844: 5836: 5828: 5798: 5681:Pinna Nesbit 5624:Mary of Teck 5523: 5504: 5485: 5468: 5449: 5430: 5411: 5394: 5390: 5371: 5352: 5333: 5314: 5302:. Retrieved 5293: 5270: 5258:. Retrieved 5249: 5226: 5207: 5188: 5169: 5152: 5132: 5113: 5094: 5075: 5056: 5039: 5035: 5016: 4997: 4978: 4961: 4942: 4923: 4904: 4885: 4866: 4847: 4828: 4809: 4792: 4773: 4754: 4737: 4718: 4706:. Retrieved 4678: 4659: 4640: 4621: 4602: 4583: 4564: 4561:Laybourn, K. 4542: 4523: 4504: 4485: 4466: 4447: 4435:. Retrieved 4419:The Guardian 4418: 4395: 4378: 4359: 4340: 4321: 4302: 4283: 4264: 4247: 4228: 4209: 4190: 4171: 4152: 4133: 4114: 4095: 4079: 4067:. Retrieved 4039: 4020: 4001: 3979: 3967: 3940: 3928: 3916: 3904: 3892: 3880: 3868: 3856: 3844: 3832: 3810:Pauwels 2015 3805: 3798:Pauwels 2015 3793: 3766: 3754: 3742: 3730: 3723:Brendon 2016 3718: 3706: 3694: 3682: 3653: 3641: 3629: 3617: 3610:Cadbury 2015 3605: 3593: 3588:, ch.11 §16. 3573:, ch.11 §15. 3551: 3546:, ch.18 §64. 3544:Ullrich 2016 3539: 3532:Ziegler 1991 3527: 3520:Sigmund 2000 3515: 3503: 3498:, ch.11 §19. 3491: 3484:Vickers 2011 3479: 3467: 3455: 3443: 3416: 3409:Simpson 2016 3404: 3392: 3380: 3368: 3324: 3312: 3305:Hichens 2016 3283: 3271: 3259: 3252:Smelser 1988 3232: 3220: 3213:Hichens 2016 3208: 3196: 3189:Brendon 2016 3176:, ch.10 §64. 3169: 3162:Cadbury 2015 3157: 3130: 3118: 3073:Cadbury 2015 3046:Cadbury 2015 3041: 2999: 2987: 2980:Cadbury 2015 2967:, ch.14 §28. 2929:Brendon 2016 2924: 2861: 2849: 2794:Vincent 1984 2762:Cadbury 2015 2757: 2745: 2733: 2728:, ch.11 §39. 2721: 2709: 2697: 2685: 2654: 2649:, ch.14 §29. 2625: 2603:, ch.11 §10. 2596: 2565: 2558:Windsor 1951 2553: 2541: 2529: 2517: 2505: 2493: 2481: 2469: 2462:Vickers 2011 2434: 2427:Brendon 2016 2422: 2417:, ch.11 §12. 2395: 2388:Hichens 2016 2373:Windsor 1951 2368: 2361:Roberts 2000 2356: 2344: 2332: 2320: 2315:, p. 4. 2308: 2301:Windsor 1951 2296: 2274:Roberts 2000 2269: 2262:Hichens 2016 2257: 2250:Hichens 2016 2245: 2233: 2221: 2209: 2183:Cadbury 2015 2159: 2115: 2108:Cadbury 2015 2103: 2096:Roberts 2000 2079:Kershaw 2015 2074: 2062: 2050: 2043:Gilbert 1982 2038: 2026: 1985: 1973: 1961: 1949: 1937: 1925: 1920:, p. 4. 1913: 1901: 1866: 1859:Matthew 2004 1834:Howarth 1987 1830:Ziegler 1991 1825: 1818:Perkins 2006 1813: 1801: 1789: 1777: 1765: 1753: 1741: 1729: 1722:Ziegler 1991 1717: 1705: 1693: 1669:= paragraph 1629: 1612: 1597:Cliveden Set 1583: 1574: 1553: 1541:Duke of Kent 1531: 1521: 1509: 1503: 1494: 1481: 1474:Tim Bouverie 1468: 1459: 1442: 1429: 1419: 1405: 1380: 1371: 1354: 1344: 1327: 1310: 1305: 1286: 1278: 1275: 1259:Robert Stamm 1255:Adolf Rembte 1248: 1245:Later events 1234: 1229: 1214: 1204: 1195: 1191: 1174: 1158: 1152: 1137: 1115: 1081: 1052: 1046: 1038: 1033: 1022: 1017: 1012:Paul Schmidt 988: 984: 937: 932: 906:Hitler Youth 899: 862: 822: 802: 789:John Vincent 755: 753: 725: 715: 696: 685: 676: 665: 638: 602: 597: 585: 575: 564:Announcement 539: 535:Hugo Vickers 523: 512: 490: 461: 429:ruling class 421:Conservative 397:Mark Hichens 385:called "the 380: 367: 363: 340: 329: 309:papal nuncio 305:Aga Khan III 293:Lord Halifax 282:Labour Party 274:Mao Tse-tung 266: 246:Soviet Union 235: 217:Anthony Eden 213: 192:Duke of York 189: 184: 165:royal family 158: 145: 133:Adolf Hitler 129:Albert Speer 113:Nazi salutes 94: 61:Nazi Germany 51: 46:Adolf Hitler 29: 6070:George VI → 5881:(2012 film) 5873:(2010 film) 5865:(2005 film) 5857:(2002 film) 5849:(1988 film) 5779:Investiture 5737:Depictions 5654:Prince John 5573:Edward VIII 5397:: 325–341. 5304:19 December 5042:: 353–375. 4708:28 December 4437:19 December 4379:Edward VIII 4069:28 December 3972:Powell 2018 3935:, ch.8 §56. 3933:Morton 2015 3827:, ch.8 §37. 3825:Morton 2015 3786:Strobl 2000 3773:, ch.8 §15. 3771:Morton 2015 3701:, ch.8 §36. 3699:Morton 2015 3677:, ch.8 §55. 3675:Morton 2015 3636:, ch.8 §31. 3634:Morton 2015 3600:, ch.7 §46. 3598:Wyllie 2019 3508:Sereny 2016 3448:Morton 2018 3387:, ch.5 §72. 3375:, ch.8 §19. 3373:Morton 2015 3331:, ch.8 §30. 3329:Morton 2015 3307:, ch.8 §31. 3290:, ch.8 §22. 3288:Morton 2015 3278:, ch.8 §24. 3276:Morton 2015 3227:, ch.8 §23. 3225:Morton 2015 3215:, ch.8 §30. 3201:Lepage 2017 3174:Morton 2015 3150:Urbach 2015 2992:Martin 1973 2948:, ch.9 §62. 2917:Powell 2018 2750:Meyers 1998 2738:Morton 2018 2726:Morton 2015 2630:Morton 2015 2618:Powell 2018 2522:Urbach 2015 2486:Higham 2004 2390:, ch.1 §12. 2152:Morton 2018 2067:Wilson 2013 2031:Ascher 2012 1908:, ch.8 §14. 1906:Morton 2015 1871:Taylor 1992 1736:, ch.1 §50. 1712:, ch.7 §12. 1643:final exile 1404:called the 1263:trade union 1106:puppet king 1054:Kreisleiter 912:factory in 867:jagdschloss 670:of Berlin, 590:in Berlin, 558:Errol Flynn 473:state visit 413:World War I 383:his memoirs 258:appeasement 141:Rudolf Hess 90:state visit 6088:Categories 6063:← George V 5963:York House 5716:Abdication 3984:Unwin 2010 3960:Bloch 1983 3945:Bloch 1983 3921:Bloch 1983 3897:Allen 1984 3885:Bloch 1988 3873:Allen 1984 3861:Bloch 1988 3849:Allen 1984 3837:Bloch 1988 3747:Bloch 1983 3735:Bloch 1988 3725:, ch.5 §6. 3687:Allen 1984 3646:Allen 1984 3586:Sebba 2013 3571:Sebba 2013 3496:Sebba 2013 3472:Allen 1984 3436:Allen 1984 3421:Allen 1984 3361:Allen 1984 3346:Bloch 1988 3317:Evans 2005 3191:, ch.5 §7. 3125:, ch.1 §3. 2931:, ch.5 §5. 2817:Bloch 1988 2777:Allen 1984 2714:Bloch 1988 2702:Bloch 1983 2690:Bloch 1988 2678:Bloch 1988 2659:Bloch 1988 2632:, ch.8 §4. 2601:Sebba 2013 2570:Speer 1970 2429:, ch.3 §8. 2415:Sebba 2013 2264:, ch.5 §8. 2252:, ch.1 §8. 2240:, ch.8 §7. 2202:Bloch 1988 2137:Allen 1984 2019:Bloch 1988 1990:Bloch 1988 1894:Bloch 1988 1770:Sebba 2013 1758:Bloch 1996 1746:Bloch 1996 1734:Sebba 2013 1710:Sebba 2013 1686:Adams 1993 1653:References 1593:Lady Astor 1526:luncheon". 1487:birth name 1183:Julia Boyd 1059:Nazi Party 1039:Historian 830:Pomeranian 731:first lady 708:troops at 662:royal blue 639:Historian 603:Historian 578:Robert Ley 542:Le Meurice 530:Paris Ritz 469:Anne Sebba 368:Historian 267:Historian 155:Background 101:Robert Ley 59:, visited 5985:Namesakes 5942:" (title) 5900:The Crown 5656:(brother) 5650:(brother) 5644:(brother) 5632:(brother) 5630:George VI 5477:776742761 5403:423735429 5162:869917120 5048:679014508 4970:905257338 4801:905243305 4746:716850690 4427:819004900 4387:251334013 4256:246148103 4088:958201195 2965:Boyd 2018 2647:Boyd 2018 2546:Rose 1983 2474:ODNB 2004 2439:Marr 2009 2349:West 2014 1794:Watt 2017 1364:arms race 1313:St Helena 1267:Baltimore 1211:Aftermath 1154:The Times 1078:Reactions 1071:Ilse Hess 1035:returned. 1004:Eva Braun 888:Anschluss 873:Carinhall 750:Itinerary 740:hobnobbed 680:Kaiserhof 667:Gauleiter 449:communism 69:George VI 5664:Romances 5638:(sister) 5626:(mother) 5620:(father) 5618:George V 5584:and the 5298:Archived 5254:Archived 4702:Archived 4563:(2001). 4431:Archived 4063:Archived 3460:TNA 1937 1639:Napoleon 1548:Cadbury. 1271:Maryland 1187:Aga Khan 1120:— 964:Page two 952:Page one 892:policy, 757:Observer 727:de facto 690:— 550:received 517:— 407:, under 295:, later 286:pacifist 185:en masse 161:George V 105:materiel 44:meeting 5932:Related 5794:Wedding 5260:16 June 5252:. Kew. 4886:Baldwin 3993:Sources 1424:times". 1412:Windsor 1165:Leipzig 1057:of the 918:U-boats 894:Austria 798: 718:Horcher 477:equerry 445:fascism 423:MP for 320:Berghof 316:Bavaria 5772:Events 5614:(wife) 5605:Family 5598:People 5592:(1936) 5530: 5511: 5492: 5475: 5456: 5437: 5418: 5401: 5378: 5359: 5340: 5321: 5277: 5233: 5214: 5195: 5176: 5160: 5139: 5120: 5101: 5082: 5063: 5046: 5023: 5004: 4985: 4968: 4949: 4930: 4911: 4892: 4873: 4854: 4835: 4816: 4799: 4780: 4761: 4744: 4725: 4685: 4666: 4647: 4628: 4609: 4590: 4571: 4549: 4530: 4511: 4492: 4473: 4454: 4425: 4402: 4385: 4366: 4347: 4328: 4309: 4290: 4271: 4254: 4235: 4216: 4197: 4178: 4159: 4140: 4121: 4102: 4086: 4046: 4027: 4008: 1603:, the 1402:bomber 986:Duke. 923:German 806:Munich 615:. The 318:, the 200:Vienna 196:France 127:, and 55:, and 5741:Coins 5704:Reign 1537:NSDAP 1407:Gotha 1319:Notes 914:Essen 910:Krupp 810:aides 722:Magda 391:[ 250:Italy 204:Paris 6017:HMS 5878:W.E. 5528:ISBN 5509:ISBN 5490:ISBN 5473:OCLC 5454:ISBN 5435:ISBN 5416:ISBN 5399:OCLC 5376:ISBN 5357:ISBN 5338:ISBN 5319:ISBN 5306:2018 5275:ISBN 5262:2020 5231:ISBN 5212:ISBN 5193:ISBN 5174:ISBN 5158:OCLC 5137:ISBN 5118:ISBN 5099:ISBN 5080:ISBN 5061:ISBN 5044:OCLC 5021:ISBN 5002:ISBN 4983:ISBN 4966:OCLC 4947:ISBN 4928:ISBN 4909:ISBN 4890:ISBN 4871:ISBN 4852:ISBN 4833:ISBN 4814:ISBN 4797:OCLC 4778:ISBN 4759:ISBN 4742:OCLC 4723:ISBN 4710:2018 4683:ISBN 4664:ISBN 4645:ISBN 4626:ISBN 4607:ISBN 4588:ISBN 4569:ISBN 4547:ISBN 4528:ISBN 4509:ISBN 4490:ISBN 4471:ISBN 4452:ISBN 4439:2018 4423:OCLC 4400:ISBN 4383:OCLC 4364:ISBN 4345:ISBN 4326:ISBN 4307:ISBN 4288:ISBN 4269:ISBN 4252:OCLC 4233:ISBN 4214:ISBN 4195:ISBN 4176:ISBN 4157:ISBN 4138:ISBN 4119:ISBN 4100:ISBN 4084:OCLC 4071:2018 4044:ISBN 4025:ISBN 4006:ISBN 1591:and 1589:Lord 1498:The 1257:and 733:and 611:and 345:and 111:and 40:and 38:Duke 36:The 1641:'s 1251:KPD 871:in 844:at 433:FBI 135:in 6090:: 5588:, 5395:19 5393:. 5296:. 5292:. 5248:. 5040:32 5038:. 4429:. 4421:. 4417:. 4061:. 3952:^ 3817:^ 3778:^ 3665:^ 3578:^ 3563:^ 3428:^ 3353:^ 3336:^ 3295:^ 3244:^ 3181:^ 3142:^ 3097:^ 3080:^ 3053:^ 3026:^ 3011:^ 2972:^ 2953:^ 2936:^ 2907:^ 2888:^ 2873:^ 2824:^ 2801:^ 2784:^ 2769:^ 2666:^ 2637:^ 2608:^ 2577:^ 2446:^ 2407:^ 2380:^ 2281:^ 2190:^ 2171:^ 2144:^ 2127:^ 2086:^ 1997:^ 1878:^ 1849:^ 1678:^ 1620:, 1269:, 706:SS 682:. 627:, 619:, 479:, 419:, 322:. 307:, 284:, 264:. 248:, 187:. 123:, 119:, 5938:" 5821:" 5565:e 5558:t 5551:v 5536:. 5517:. 5498:. 5479:. 5462:. 5443:. 5424:. 5405:. 5384:. 5365:. 5346:. 5327:. 5308:. 5283:. 5264:. 5239:. 5220:. 5201:. 5182:. 5145:. 5126:. 5107:. 5088:. 5069:. 5050:. 5029:. 5010:. 4991:. 4972:. 4955:. 4936:. 4917:. 4898:. 4879:. 4860:. 4841:. 4822:. 4803:. 4786:. 4767:. 4748:. 4731:. 4712:. 4691:. 4672:. 4653:. 4634:. 4615:. 4596:. 4577:. 4555:. 4536:. 4517:. 4498:. 4479:. 4460:. 4441:. 4408:. 4389:. 4372:. 4353:. 4334:. 4315:. 4296:. 4277:. 4258:. 4241:. 4222:. 4203:. 4184:. 4165:. 4146:. 4127:. 4108:. 4073:. 4052:. 4033:. 4014:. 3462:. 3092:. 2500:. 2476:. 1861:. 1667:§ 1645:. 1607:. 1414:. 20:)

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Knowledge (XXG)

1937 tour of Germany by the Duke and Duchess of Windsor

Index