2452:ἄλλα ἄττα μυρία καρατομοῦντες ἐπιθειάζουσιν. 2 ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἡ τῶν Φράγγων αὐτοὺς ἐπιμιξία, εnὖ ποιοῦσα, καὶ ἐς τόδε μετακοσμεῖ καὶ ἤδη ἐφέλκεται τοὺς εὐφρονεστέρους, οὐ πολλοῦ δὲ οἶμαι (10) χρόνου καὶ ἅπασιν ἐκνικήσει. 3 τὸ γὰρ τῆς δόξης παράλογόν τε καὶ ἔμπληκτον καὶ αὐτοῖς οἶμαι τοῖς χρωμένοις, εἰ μὴ πάμπαν εἶεν ἠλίθιοι, γνώριμόν τέ ἐστι καὶ εὐφώρατον καὶ οἶον ἀποσβῆναι ῥᾳδίως. ἐλεεῖσθαι μὲν οὖν μᾶλλον ἢ χαλεπαίνεσθαι δίκαιοι ἂν εἶεν καὶ πλείστης μεταλαγχάνειν συγγνώμης ἅπαντες, ὅσοι δὴ τοῦ ἀληθοῦς ἁμαρτάνουσιν. οὐ γὰρ (15) δήπου ἑκόντες εἶναι ἀλῶνται καὶ ὀλισθαίνουσιν, ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ ἐφιέμενοι, ἔπειτα σφαλέντες τῇ κρίσει τὸ λοιπὸν ἔχονται τῶν δοκηθέντων ἀπρίξ, ὁποῖα ἄττα καὶ τύχοιεν ὄντα. 4 τήν γε μὴν τῶν θυσιῶν ὠμότητα καὶ κακοδαιμονίαν οὐκ οἶδα εἰ οἷόν τε λόγῳ ἀκέσασθαι, εἴτε ἄλσεσιν ἐπιτελοῖντο ὥσπερ ἀμέλει παρὰ βαρβάροις, εἴτε τοῖς πάλαι νενομισμέ-(20)νοις θεοῖς, ὁποῖα αἱ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐθέλουσιν ἁγιστεῖαι.
401:
2502:: "Genome-wide analyses were performed on eight individuals to estimate genetic affiliation to modern west Eurasians and genetic kinship at the burial. Five individuals were direct relatives. Three other individuals were not detectably related; two of these showed genomic affinity to southern Europeans... These five related individuals had culturally diverse grave goods despite the evidence that all of them showed local isotope signals with northern European genetic affiliations... Niederstotzingen North individuals are closely related to northern and eastern European populations, particularly from Lithuania and Iceland."
892:
3860:
1152:
1076:
3986:
455:
1318:
3801:
451:, who had moved westwards into Gaul in the time of Julius Caesar. The people living there in Caesar's time are not Germanic. Instead, "Reckless adventurers from Gaul, emboldened by want, occupied this land of questionable ownership. After a while, our frontier having been advanced, and our military positions pushed forward, it was regarded as a remote nook of our empire and a part of a Roman province."
1945:
3849:
3979:
1334:
38:
596:
2081:
Igitur quia mixti
Alamannis Suevi, partem Germaniae ultra Danubium, partem Raetiae inter Alpes et Histrum, partemque Galliae circa Ararim obsederunt; antiquorum vocabulorum veritate servata, ab incolis nomen patriae derivemus, et Alamanniam vel Sueviam nominemus. Nam cum duo sint vocabula unam gentem
1433:
Christian elements. In particular, there is no change in burial practice, and tumulus warrior graves continued to be erected throughout
Merovingian times. Syncretism of traditional Germanic animal-style with Christian symbolism is also present in artwork, but Christian symbolism becomes more and more
2451:
7. Νόμιμα δὲ αὐτοῖς εἰσι μέν που καὶ πάτρια, τὸ δέ γε ἐν κοινῷ ἐπικρατοῦν τε καὶ ἄρχον τῇ Φραγγικῇ ἕπονται πολιτείᾳ, μόνα δέ γε τὰ ἐς (5) θεὸν αὐτοῖς οὐ ταὐτὰ ξυνδοκεῖ. δένδρα τε γάρ τινα ἱλάσκονται καὶ ῥεῖθρα ποταμῶν καὶ λόφους καὶ φάραγγας, καὶ τούτοις, ὥσπερ ὅσια δρῶντες, ἵππους τε καὶ βόας καὶ
484:
Cassius Dio portrays the
Alemanni as victims of this treacherous emperor. They had asked for his help, according to Dio, but instead he colonized their country, changed their place names, and executed their warriors under a pretext of coming to their aid. When he became ill, the Alemanni claimed to
1405:
He also spoke of the particular ruthlessness of the
Alemanni in destroying Christian sanctuaries and plundering churches while the genuine Franks were respectful towards those sanctuaries. Agathias expresses his hope that the Alemanni would assume better manners through prolonged contact with the
526:
Through much of his short reign, Caracalla was known for unpredictable and arbitrary operations launched by surprise after a pretext of peace negotiations. If he had any reasons of state for such actions, they remained unknown to his contemporaries. Whether or not the
Alemanni had been previously
530:
This mutually antagonistic relationship is perhaps the reason why the Roman writers persisted in calling the
Alemanni "barbari," meaning "savages." The archaeology, however, shows that they were largely Romanized, lived in Roman-style houses and used Roman artifacts, the Alemannic women having
1643:
The spelling with "e" is used in Encyc. Brit. 9th. ed., (c. 1880), Everyman's Encyc. 1967, Everyman's
Smaller Classical Dictionary, 1910. The current edition of Britannica spells with "e", as does Columbia and Edward Gibbon, Vol. 3, Chapter XXXVIII. The Latinized spelling with
1557:, Germany. This is the richest and most complete Alemannic graveyard ever found. The highest ranking individual at the graveyard was a male with Frankish grave goods. Four males were found to be closely related to him. They were all carriers of types of the paternal haplogroup
306:(Ἀλαμανοι) means "all men". It indicates that they were a conglomeration drawn from various Germanic tribes. The Romans and the Greeks called them as such (Alamanni, all men, in the sense of a group composed of men of all groups in the region). This derivation was accepted by
1271:("princes"). This may be a formal hierarchy, or they may be vague, overlapping terms, or a combination of both. In 357, there appear to have been two paramount kings (Chnodomar and Westralp) who probably acted as presidents of the confederation and seven other kings (
883:, also deep in the heart of Gaul, bishop Privatus was forced to sacrifice to idols in the very cave where he was later venerated. It is thought this detail may be a generic literary ploy to epitomize the horrors of barbarian violence.
1461:
read as "Wodan and Donar are magicians/sorcerers", but this may be interpreted as either a pagan invocation of the powers of these deities, or a
Christian protective charm against them. A runic inscription on a fibula found at
1365:
times (sixth to eighth centuries). We know that in the sixth century, the
Alemanni were predominantly pagan, and in the eighth century, they were predominantly Christian. The intervening seventh century was a period of genuine
583:), entering the forest, where the trails were blocked by felled trees. As winter was upon them, they reoccupied a "fortification which was founded on the soil of the Alemanni that Trajan wished to be called with his own name".
1434:
prevalent during the seventh century. Unlike the later
Christianization of the Saxons and of the Slavs, the Alemanni seem to have adopted Christianity gradually, and voluntarily, spread in emulation of the Merovingian elite.
1400:
they worship certain trees, the waters of rivers, hills and mountain valleys, in whose honour they sacrifice horses, cattle and countless other animals by beheading them, and imagine that they are performing an act of piety
1325:(sixth or seventh century) shows typical iconography of the pagan period. The bracteate depicts the "horse-stabber underhoof" scene, a supine warrior stabbing a horse while it runs over him. The scene is adapted from
4205:
586:
In this context, the use of Alemanni is possibly an anachronism, but it reveals that Ammianus believed they were the same people, which is consistent with the location of the Alemanni of Caracalla's campaigns.
763:, who acted "by the advice, it is said, of his wicked mother, and overran the whole of the Gauls, and destroyed from their foundations all the temples which had been built in ancient times. And coming to
628:
556:'s governorship of the province shortly after it was formed, around 98–99 AD. At that time, the entire frontier was being fortified for the first time. Trees from the earliest fortifications found in
2002:
Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, avec les Mémoires de Littérature tirés des Registres de cette Académie, depuis l'année MDCCXLIV jusques et compris l'année MDCCXLVI
1470:("God for/before you, Theophilus!", or alternatively "God before you, Devil!"). Dated to between AD 660 and 690, it marks the end of the native Alemannic tradition of runic literacy. Bad Ems is in
330:
in the ninth century remarked, in discussing the people of Switzerland and the surrounding regions, that only foreigners called them the Alemanni, but that they gave themselves the name of
4200:
2608:
621:
2464:
Düwel, Klaus (1982). "Runen und Interpretatio Christiana: Zur Religioneschichtlichen Stellung der Bügelfidel von Nordendorf I". In Kamp, Norbert; Wollasch, Joachim (eds.).
4210:
3815:
614:
1965:
1649:
1489:
bishop. Constance was a missionary bishopric in newly converted lands, and did not look back on late Roman church history unlike the Raetian bishopric of
2711:
1604:
400:
4497:
4156:
3758:
3837:
3776:
743:
and northern Italy in 268, when the Romans were forced to denude much of their German frontier of troops in response to a massive invasion of the
3954:
1581:. Two individuals buried at the cemetery were found to be genetically different from both the others and each other, displaying genetic links to
1505:). The establishment of the church as an institution recognized by worldly rulers is also visible in legal history. In the early seventh century
1291:
by the Romans). The warriors consisted of professional warbands and levies of free men. Each nobleman could raise an average of c. 50 warriors.
4482:
3899:
3914:
2548:
2149:
1392:
records, in the context of the wars of the Goths and Franks against Byzantium, that the Alemanni fighting among the troops of Frankish king
1438:
568:
318:, published in 1753. This etymology has remained the standard derivation of the name. An alternative suggestion proposes derivation from
4038:
1960:
1749:
1699:
3964:
2423:
2379:
2367:
2259:
2082:
significantia, priori nomine nos appellant circumpositae gentes, quae Latinum habent sermonem; sequenti, usus nos nuncupat barbarorum.
1811:
1795:
1771:
1758:
1725:
1429:. Despite these activities, for some time, the Alemanni seem to have continued their pagan cult activities, with only superficial or
2857:
2566:
2490:
Wolfgang Jungandreas, 'God fura dih, deofile †' in: Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur, 101, 1972, pp. 84–85.
2249:
1275:). Their territories were small and mostly strung along the Rhine (although a few were in the hinterland). It is possible that the
2678:
2819:
1020:
811:
in November. The Alemanni were routed, forced back into Germany, and did not threaten Roman territory for many years afterwards.
4127:
4121:
320:
4477:
4098:
3781:
2989:
2672:
1712:
1308:
4369:
4178:
3771:
3039:
2844:
2704:
2475:
2286:
2196:
1481:
cannot be dated exactly and was possibly undertaken by Columbanus himself (before 612). In any case, it existed by 635, when
1312:
1119:
792:
halted their advance into Italy, but then had to deal with the Goths. When the Gothic campaign ended in Roman victory at the
135:
4063:
4285:
4228:
1049:
527:
neutral, they were certainly further influenced by Caracalla to become thereafter notoriously implacable enemies of Rome.
131:
2027:
1255:) which, it is generally believed, were permanent and hereditary. Ammianus describes Alemanni rulers with various terms:
4290:
4087:
4058:
3919:
2920:
2276:
2019:
1785:
Alemanni... the Latin term for an amalgamation of a number of smaller Germanic tribes, including a segment of the Suevi.
4247:
3830:
3786:
2799:
2223:
1599:
1176:
197:
158:
4275:
1155:
The traditional distribution area of Western Upper German (Alemannic) dialect features in the 19th and 20th centuries
485:
have put a hex on him. Caracalla, it was claimed, tried to counter this influence by invoking his ancestral spirits.
463:
1183:; before that the dialect spoken by Alemannic tribes was little different from that of other West Germanic peoples.
4492:
4487:
4081:
4033:
3959:
3949:
3904:
2947:
2559:
Franks and Alamanni in the Merovingian Period: An Ethnographic Perspective (Studies in Historical Archaeoethnology)
1338:
3909:
3804:
2984:
2891:
2884:
2862:
2697:
1695:
925:
668:
447:
to describe the region between the Rhine, Main and Danube rivers. He says that it had once been the home of the
3024:
3009:
2824:
2809:
1553:
in September 2018 examined the remains of eight individuals buried at a seventh-century Alemannic graveyard in
1123:
1083:
The kingdom of Alamannia between Strasbourg and Augsburg lasted until 496, when the Alemanni were conquered by
437:
Early Roman writers did not mention the Alemanni, and it is likely that they had not yet come to exist. In his
145:, the Alemannic counts became almost independent, and a struggle for supremacy took place between them and the
4344:
1099:) After their defeat in 496, the Alemanni bucked the Frankish yoke and put themselves under the protection of
495:
against the Alemanni, who lost and were pacified for a time. The legion was as a result honored with the name
2684:
1679:
did likely contribute to the ethnogenesis of the Alemanni, there is no direct connection to the contemporary
1585:, particularly northern Italy and Spain. Along with the sixth male, they might have been adoptees or slaves.
4295:
3139:
3029:
3019:
3014:
2834:
2814:
2771:
1803:
1763:
1717:
1474:, on the northwestern boundary of Alemannic settlement, where Frankish influence would have been strongest.
1304:
1035:
489:
295:
1665:
from about the fifth century, and that name became prevalent in the high medieval period, eponymous of the
4426:
4023:
3985:
3978:
3823:
3541:
2974:
2969:
2952:
2896:
2791:
2209:
1009:
912:
808:
723:
698:
663:
520:
146:
1349:, is a late testimony of pagan ritual in Alemannia, showing a warrior in ritual wolf costume, holding a
1091:. The war of Clovis with the Alemanni forms the setting for the conversion of Clovis, briefly treated by
4162:
2839:
2729:
2064:
1300:
1164:
974:
941:
864:
678:
459:
115:
1561:. A sixth male was a carrier of the paternal haplogroup R1b1a2a1a1c2b2b1a1 and the maternal haplogroup
891:
384:
of the 16th century. Rhenanus argued the term Alemanni was meant for the whole Germanic people only in
4420:
4300:
4255:
4233:
2930:
2901:
2804:
2612:
2516:
1680:
1562:
1471:
1346:
1202:
998:
988:
965:
901:
838:
718:
713:
688:
658:
545:
416:
4432:
1317:
1096:
807:
After efforts to secure a peaceful withdrawal failed, Claudius forced the Alemanni to battle at the
3766:
2979:
2649:
1466:
reflects Christian pious sentiment (and is also explicitly marked with a Christian cross), reading
1100:
981:
959:
876:
782:
and public buildings, attributed the destruction they saw to the plundering raids of the Alemanni.
576:
572:
1486:
1453:) and other jewelry and weapon parts. Use of runes subsides with the advance of Christianity. The
1151:
1075:
4375:
4309:
4104:
3149:
3001:
2940:
2829:
2761:
2737:
1917:
F.C. and J. Rivington, T. Payne, Wilkie and Robinson: The Chronicle of Iohn Hardyng, 1812, p. 99.
1594:
1507:
1378:
952:
752:
683:
142:
31:
4048:
540:
Most of the Alemanni were probably at the time, in fact, resident in or close to the borders of
2595:"Ancient genome-wide analyses infer kinship structure in an Early Medieval Alemannic graveyard"
2372:
People on the move: attitudes toward and perceptions of migration in medieval and modern Europe
2005:
837:
in large numbers, to invade the Gallic provinces, this time being defeated by Valentinian (see
772:
4472:
4414:
4329:
3859:
2925:
2776:
2751:
2638:
2562:
2544:
2471:
2448:
Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae. Series Berolinensis 2. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1967, p. 18f.
2419:
2375:
2363:
2282:
2255:
2145:
2097:
2089:
1981:
1807:
1767:
1753:
1745:
1721:
1558:
1454:
1326:
1218:
1135:
1088:
905:
859:
797:
793:
703:
557:
541:
315:
174:
111:
95:
2383:
606:
4000:
3348:
2720:
2679:
The Military Orientation of the Roman Emperors Septimius Severus to Gallienus (146–268 C.E.)
2628:
2620:
2599:
2582:
2572:
2137:
2050:
1950:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1825:
Alamanni. A confederation of several Germanic tribes who amalgamated in the third century AD
1703:
1554:
1549:
1450:
1358:
1198:
1160:
1131:
1127:
1092:
823:
764:
748:
708:
600:
561:
549:
512:
500:
454:
357:
267:
212:
181:
166:
152:
54:
41:
Area settled by the Alemanni, and sites of Roman–Alemannic battles, third to sixth centuries
4402:
4363:
4265:
4148:
4005:
2957:
2935:
2879:
2849:
2733:
2044:
2031:
1863:
1791:
1666:
1582:
1566:
1517:
1502:
1498:
1442:
1418:
1172:
872:
439:
377:
361:
327:
209:
162:
126:
is a record of their customary law during this period. Until the eighth century, Frankish
121:
107:
82:
2667:
2398:. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr. p. 32. Cf. also Bossert, G. "Alemanni" in: Jackson, S.M. (Ed.).
360:
a scholar and historian of the 15th century claimed the Alemanni had their name from the
2616:
1926:
H. Kurath: Middle English Dictionary, part 14, University of Michigan Press, 1952, 1345.
1406:
Franks, which is by all appearances, in a manner of speaking, what eventually happened.
1179:
is thought to have originated around the fifth century either in Alemannia or among the
85:
language in those regions, which by the eighth century were collectively referred to as
4270:
4260:
4028:
3631:
3415:
3079:
2766:
2633:
2594:
2136:, Archimedes, vol. 64, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 141–142,
1707:
1570:
1565:. Along with the five closely related individuals, he displayed close genetic links to
1446:
1190:
1168:
1024:
978:
956:
935:
786:
693:
673:
444:
385:
259:
229:
72:
2302:
1126:, and for the following century, Alemannia was ruled by Frankish dukes. Following the
800:
turned north to deal with the Alemanni, who were swarming over all Italy north of the
4466:
4280:
4192:
3889:
3492:
3390:
3353:
3313:
3179:
2908:
2867:
1956:
1951:
1039:
1002:
854:
850:
429:
353:
307:
201:
4395:
4390:
4381:
4339:
3084:
3074:
3057:
2874:
2134:
Collected Wisdom of the Early Modern Scholar: Essays in Honor of Mordechai Feingold
1214:
1108:
827:
815:
779:
736:
638:
478:
412:
3939:
2237:
munimentum quod in Alamannorum solo conditum Traianus suo nomine voluit appellari.
2174:
1333:
778:). Thus sixth-century Gallo-Romans of Gregory's class, surrounded by the ruins of
118:
Franks, the Alemanni were gradually Christianized during the seventh century. The
37:
2465:
2413:
2396:
Das älteste germanische Christentum oder der Sogenannte "Arianismus" der Germanen
2360:
Ancient Germanic warriors: warrior styles from Trajan's column to Icelandic sagas
17:
4408:
3566:
3524:
3447:
3360:
3228:
3218:
3129:
2913:
2532:
2141:
1362:
1350:
1342:
1322:
938: – Aurelian defeats the Alemanni, who begin to retreat from Italy
916:
470:
345:
62:
58:
2402:, Vol. 1, p. 114: " prince, Gibuld, was an Arian, probably converted by Goths".
1373:
Some scholars have speculated that members of the Alemannic elite such as king
841:). In the great mixed invasion of 406, the Alemanni appear to have crossed the
3883:
3743:
3531:
3514:
3462:
3452:
3437:
3405:
3395:
3273:
3223:
3099:
3094:
3062:
2781:
2129:
2056:
2024:
1861:
specifically, while the Alamannic territory in general is increasingly called
1430:
1414:
1410:
1393:
1367:
1237:(cantons) on the east bank of the Rhine. The exact number and extent of these
1210:
1104:
819:
747:
from the east. Their raids throughout the three parts of Gaul were traumatic:
579:
against the Alemanni, who by then were in Alsace, and crossed the Main (Latin
448:
222:
205:
170:
127:
2130:"Planks from a Shipwreck: Belief and Evidence in Sixteenth-Century Histories"
388:
and before it was only meant to designate the population of an island in the
4450:
4438:
4357:
4092:
3929:
3738:
3733:
3723:
3656:
3561:
3457:
3420:
3410:
3370:
3323:
3318:
3268:
3208:
3134:
3124:
3104:
3067:
3052:
1624:
1609:
1574:
1542:
1534:
1070:
1013:
992:
789:
756:
474:
389:
87:
66:
2642:
2624:
1370:
during which Christian symbolism and doctrine gradually grew in influence.
880:
2278:
Franks and Alamanni in the Merovingian Period: An Ethnographic Perspective
1905:
1193:
absorbed it into the Frankish empire, early in the eighth century. Today,
4174:
4166:
4136:
3879:
3711:
3696:
3676:
3661:
3641:
3616:
3601:
3596:
3576:
3546:
3536:
3487:
3477:
3472:
3303:
3288:
3263:
3243:
3213:
3203:
3198:
3169:
3164:
3154:
3089:
2756:
1619:
1538:
1512:
1478:
1389:
1382:
1180:
1084:
1043:
929:
801:
759:(253–260), when the Alemanni assembled under their "king", whom he calls
646:
381:
299:
228:, and from French was loaned into a number of other languages, including
103:
1497:(an episcopal seat from 740, and which continued the line of Bishops of
1159:
The German spoken today over the range of the former Alemanni is termed
875:) the devastation was so complete, that the Christian bishop retired to
595:
3728:
3716:
3706:
3681:
3671:
3666:
3646:
3636:
3611:
3551:
3509:
3482:
3400:
3333:
3328:
3308:
3298:
3253:
3248:
3238:
3233:
3174:
3159:
3109:
2170:
1969:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 468.
1614:
1578:
1463:
1422:
1206:
1122:
ended an uprising by summarily executing all Alemannic nobility at the
760:
314:
and by the anonymous contributor of notes assembled from the papers of
180:
The area settled by the Alemanni corresponds roughly to the area where
2128:
Popper, Nicholas S. (2023), Roos, Anna Marie; Manning, Gideon (eds.),
4444:
4321:
4115:
4043:
4015:
3933:
3868:
3854:
3748:
3701:
3686:
3651:
3626:
3591:
3586:
3519:
3504:
3442:
3380:
3365:
3343:
3293:
3283:
3278:
3191:
3186:
3144:
3114:
2303:"Alamanni/Alemanni (= Suebi/Suevi, Semnones) | Freyia Völundarhúsins"
1858:
1739:
Alamanni (Alemanni), a loose concentration of Germanic communities...
1374:
1222:
1112:
1057:
1053:
846:
739:
in the third and fourth centuries. They launched a major invasion of
553:
193:
185:
99:
78:
1283:
in each kingdom. Underneath the royal class were the nobles (called
1027:
and his army of Romans and barbarian allies defeat Attila's army of
767:
he set on fire, overthrew and destroyed that shrine which they call
4206:
Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine
2689:
1521:
of 720 has an entire chapter reserved for ecclesial matters alone.
1107:
but after his death they were again subjugated by the Franks under
3621:
3606:
3581:
3571:
3556:
3499:
3467:
3432:
3427:
3385:
3375:
3258:
3119:
2962:
1671:
1530:
1494:
1482:
1426:
1332:
1316:
1150:
1074:
890:
842:
834:
744:
594:
533:
453:
424:
399:
365:
332:
289:
189:
36:
1511:
hardly ever mentions the special privileges of the church, while
944: – Aurelian destroys the retreating Alemanni army.
3691:
3338:
1490:
1028:
740:
477:
in 213. At that time, they apparently dwelt in the basin of the
443:
Tacitus (AD 90) does not mention the Alemanni. He uses the term
3819:
2693:
610:
2412:
Murinaeus, Agathias; Scholasticus, Agathias; Agathias (1975).
2004:, vol. XVIII, (Paris 1753) pp. 49–71. Excerpts are on-line at
1130:
of 843, Alemannia became a province of the eastern kingdom of
1038: – Alemanni invade Italy and are defeated near
751:(died ca 594) mentions their destructive force at the time of
458:
Alemannic belt mountings, from a seventh-century grave in the
138:
executed the Alamannic nobility and installed Frankish dukes.
81:
and northern Switzerland, leading to the establishment of the
2449:
2094:
The First Book of the History of the Germans: Barbaric Period
1652:), but remains in use e.g. in Wood (2003), Drinkwater (2007).
833:
On January 2, 366, the Alemanni yet again crossed the frozen
1441:. About 70 specimens have survived, roughly half of them on
1396:
were like the Franks in all respects except religion, since
735:
The Alemanni were continually engaged in conflicts with the
2017:
It is cited in most etymological dictionaries, such as the
1233:
The Alemanni established a series of territorially defined
2043:"the name is possibly Alahmannen, 'men of the sanctuary'"
1201:, encompassing the dialects of the southern two thirds of
149:. The chief family in Alamannia was that of the counts of
1079:
Alemannia (yellow) and Upper Burgundy (green) around 1000
845:
a final time, conquering and then settling what is today
1457:(early seventh century) clearly records pagan theonyms,
895:
Europe at the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD
519:
because in the year before he had murdered his brother,
298:(quoted in the mid-sixth century by Byzantine historian
157:, who were sometimes called margraves, and one of whom,
130:
over Alemannia was mostly nominal. After an uprising by
2529:(2nd ed., Strassburg, 1900), vol. iii. pp. 930 ff.
544:. Although Dio is the earliest writer to mention them,
1111:
in 536. Subsequently, the Alemanni formed part of the
991: – Julian expels the Alemanni from the
507:, relates (10.5) that Caracalla then assumed the name
236:
for Germans. Likewise, the Arabic name for Germany is
61:
River during the first millennium. First mentioned by
2499:
2400:
New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
1675:
mentioned by Julius Caesar, and although these older
2593:
O'Sullivan, Niall; et al. (September 5, 2018).
1167:. Alemannic runic inscriptions such as those on the
814:
Their most famous battle against Rome took place in
4320:
4246:
4221:
4201:
Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine
4191:
4147:
4114:
4074:
4014:
3993:
3928:
3878:
3867:
3757:
3038:
3000:
2790:
2744:
2609:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
2224:"Historia Augusta: The Life of Antoninus Caracalla"
1437:From c. the 520s to the 620s, there was a surge of
968: – Constantius defeats the Alemanni.
423:is indicated separately, further downstream of the
2541:The Alamanni and Rome 213–496. Caracalla to Clovis
1031:and other Germanic allies, including the Alemanni.
771:in the Gallic tongue," martyring many Christians (
372:and the people who live at its shores were called
4211:Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine
932:is defeated by the Alemanni forces invading Italy
1388:In the mid-6th century, the Byzantine historian
1115:dominions and were governed by a Frankish duke.
65:in the context of the campaign of Roman emperor
1398:
1189:lost its distinct jurisdictional identity when
1163:, and is recognised among the subgroups of the
344:) in an Old High German gloss, interpreted by
336:. The Suebi are given the alternative name of
3831:
2705:
622:
271:
8:
1800:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology
237:
216:
77:in 260, and later expanded into present-day
2736:origin primarily identified as speakers of
2446:Agathiae Myrinaei historiarum libri quinque
1241:is unclear and probably changed over time.
887:List of battles between Romans and Alemanni
150:
119:
70:
4144:
3875:
3838:
3824:
3816:
2712:
2698:
2690:
1648:is current in older literature (so in the
629:
615:
607:
2632:
1902:Trésor de la Langue Française informatisé
1661:The Alemanni were alternatively known as
1605:List of confederations of Germanic tribes
1425:, where he disrupted a beer sacrifice to
548:used the name to refer to Germans on the
184:dialects remain spoken, including German
141:During the later and weaker years of the
2685:Brauchtum und Masken Alemannic Fastnacht
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
826:, later Emperor of Rome, and their king
3777:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
1636:
1001: – Romans under Emperor
915: – Romans under Emperor
879:, but in Gregory's account at Mende in
822:), in 357, where they were defeated by
515:jested that he should really be called
488:In retribution, Caracalla then led the
3900:Arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg
1851:in ducatu Alemannico, in pago Linzgowe
1477:The establishment of the bishopric of
1421:records that Columbanus was active in
1305:Religion in Switzerland § History
1171:are among the earliest testimonies of
4433:Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine
2527:Grundriss der germanischen Philologie
2470:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 78–86.
2123:
2121:
2119:
1877:Forschungen zur Deutschen Landeskunde
1669:. The name is taken from that of the
1381:influence may have been converted to
469:The Alemanni were first mentioned by
396:First appearance in historical record
7:
3955:Arrondissement of Colmar-Ribeauvillé
2374:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003,
1847:urbs Constantia in ducatu Alemanniae
1439:Alemannic Elder Futhark inscriptions
1287:by the Romans) and warriors (called
1052: – Byzantine General
312:Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
4387:Landgraviate of Alsace (1186–1646)
2654:Die Deutschen und die Nachbarstämme
2561:, Boydell & Brewer Ltd, 2003,
2543:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1892:in c. 1100, and with final dental,
1197:is a linguistic term, referring to
908:defeats the Alemanni to rescue Rome
796:in September, Gallienus' successor
272:
238:
221:, is derived from their name, from
3965:Arrondissement of Thann-Guebwiller
3915:Arrondissement of Sélestat-Erstein
2049:The Collected Historical Works of
1759:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1361:of the Alemanni took place during
1138:. The duchy persisted until 1268.
1012: – Western Emperor
69:of 213, the Alemanni captured the
25:
2281:. The Boydell Press. p. 33.
2063:(Methuen), vol. I , p. 278 note;
1385:even in the later fifth century.
531:adopted the Roman fashion of the
3984:
3977:
3858:
3847:
3800:
3799:
2656:(Munich, 1837), pp. 303 ff.
2579:(1606, 2nd ed. Senckenburg 1730)
2251:A Companion to Ostrogothic Italy
2023:(large edition) under the root,
1943:
1867:; by the 12th century, the name
1023: – Roman General
1021:Battle of the Catalaunian Fields
1016:is victorious over the Alemanni.
785:In the early summer of 268, the
4498:Medieval history of Switzerland
4099:European Collectivity of Alsace
3782:Christianization of Scandinavia
2467:Tradition als Historische Kraft
2370:, p. 162. Harald Kleinschmidt,
1713:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
1309:Pre-Christian Alpine traditions
1060:and Alemanni in southern Italy.
853:. The crossing is described in
591:Conflicts with the Roman Empire
232:, which commonly used the term
4370:Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg
3772:Christianization of the Franks
2845:Continental Germanic mythology
2577:Rerum Alamannicarum scriptores
2415:trans. Joseph D. Frendo (1975)
1445:, others on belt buckles (see
1409:Apostles of the Alemanni were
1313:Continental Germanic mythology
571:) that much later the Emperor
481:, to the south of the Chatti.
30:For people with the name, see
1:
4483:Germanic tribal confederacies
4229:History of the Jews in Alsace
1853:873. From the ninth century,
1547:A genetic study published in
1005:defeat an Alemanni incursion.
499:The fourth-century fictional
132:Theudebald, Duke of Alamannia
4291:Internationaux de Strasbourg
4088:Alsace independence movement
3920:Arrondissement of Strasbourg
2539:Drinkwater, John F. (2007).
2210:"Cassius Dio: Roman History"
2069:Origin of the English Nation
2020:American Heritage Dictionary
1857:is increasingly used of the
1257:reges excelsiores ante alios
1056:defeats a combined force of
830:was taken prisoner to Rome.
4415:County of Hanau-Lichtenberg
4378:(11th-century–14th-century)
3787:Christianization of Iceland
2331:Drinkwater (2007) 223 (map)
2248:Jonathan J. Arnold (2016).
2142:10.1007/978-3-031-09722-5_7
2111:Der germanische Himmelsgott
1600:List of rulers of Alamannia
1279:were the rulers of the two
1251:combined, formed kingdoms (
1205:(German State), in western
1177:High German consonant shift
984:is defeated by the Alemanni
537:even earlier than the men.
505:Life of Antoninus Caracalla
473:describing the campaign of
198:German-speaking Switzerland
4514:
4286:Étoile Noire de Strasbourg
4082:Regional council of Alsace
3960:Arrondissement of Mulhouse
3950:Arrondissement of Altkirch
3905:Arrondissement of Molsheim
2450:
2322:Drinkwater (2007) 118, 120
1696:Drinkwater, John Frederick
1528:
1329:gravestones of the region.
1298:
1068:
928: – Emperor
287:
165:, which was recognized by
106:and incorporated into his
94:In 496, the Alemanni were
29:
4157:Archdiocese of Strasbourg
3975:
3910:Arrondissement of Saverne
3795:
2727:
2055:(1919), p. 443 (citing: "
1543:Visigoths § Genetics
1535:Baiuvarii § Genetics
1065:Subjugation by the Franks
654:
364:, as in Hebrew the river
71:
4276:Sélestat Alsace Handball
3025:North Germanic languages
3010:Germanic parent language
2226:. University of Chicago.
2212:. University of Chicago.
2086:Proleg. ad Vit. S. Galli
1539:Lombards § Genetics
1263:("neighbouring kings"),
1124:blood court at Cannstatt
849:and a large part of the
53:were a confederation of
4296:Rallye de France Alsace
3030:West Germanic languages
3020:East Germanic languages
3015:Proto-Germanic language
2835:Proto-Germanic folklore
2772:Romano-Germanic culture
2394:Schubert, Hans (1909).
2176:Tacitus: Germany Book 1
1966:Encyclopædia Britannica
1804:Oxford University Press
1764:Oxford University Press
1718:Oxford University Press
1459:logaþorewodanwigiþonar
1217:in Switzerland and the
1134:, the precursor of the
1050:Battle of the Volturnus
1036:Battle of Campi Cannini
296:Gaius Asinius Quadratus
4478:Early Germanic peoples
4427:Left Bank of the Rhine
2625:10.1126/sciadv.aao1262
2525:O. Bremer in H. Paul,
2500:O'Sullivan et al. 2018
1493:(established 451) and
1468:god fura dih deofile ᛭
1403:
1354:
1330:
1321:The gold bracteate of
1229:Political organization
1156:
1080:
1010:Battle of Argentovaria
913:Battle of Lake Benacus
896:
867:gives the account. At
809:Battle of Lake Benacus
604:
466:
434:
376:. This was refuted by
290:Suebi § Etymology
217:
151:
147:Bishopric of Constance
120:
42:
4345:Route Romane d'Alsace
2840:Anglo-Saxon mythology
2730:Ethnolinguistic group
2418:. Walter de Gruyter.
2349:Drinkwater (2007) 120
2305:(in Norwegian Bokmål)
2254:. Brill. p. 93.
1754:Kazhdan, Alexander P.
1706:; Spawforth, Antony;
1531:Goths § Genetics
1336:
1320:
1301:Germanic Christianity
1299:Further information:
1259:("paramount kings"),
1165:High German languages
1154:
1078:
894:
865:Chronicle of Fredegar
598:
457:
403:
288:Further information:
110:. Mentioned as still
40:
4421:Upper Rhenish Circle
4301:Rallye Alsace-Vosges
4256:RC Strasbourg Alsace
2517:Ammianus Marcellinus
2092:; Thomas Greenwood,
2051:Sir Francis Palgrave
1871:had mostly replaced
1681:Kingdom of the Suebi
1472:Rhineland-Palatinate
1337:The seventh-century
1267:("petty kings") and
999:Battle of Solicinium
989:Battle of Strasbourg
966:Battle of Vindonissa
962:defeats the Alemanni
919:defeat the Alemanni.
902:Battle of Mediolanum
857:'s historical novel
839:Battle of Solicinium
546:Ammianus Marcellinus
417:Tabula Peutingeriana
368:was translated into
254:, the Portuguese is
169:in 919 and became a
4405:(13th-century–1648)
4163:Immediately subject
3767:Gothic Christianity
2617:2018SciA....4.1262O
2362:, Routledge, 2004,
1843:in pago Alemannorum
1339:Gutenstein scabbard
1247:, usually pairs of
1209:(German State), in
1101:Theodoric the Great
960:Constantius Chlorus
926:Battle of Placentia
577:punitive expedition
4376:County of Ferrette
4310:Alsace de Bagnolet
4105:Assembly of Alsace
3150:Germani cisrhenani
2858:Funerary practices
2762:Pre-Roman Iron Age
2738:Germanic languages
2668:The Agri Decumates
2587:Historia Francorum
2030:2006-05-19 at the
1746:Hitchner, R. Bruce
1595:Annales Alamannici
1508:Pactus Alamannorum
1355:
1331:
1213:(Austrian State),
1157:
1081:
977: –
955: –
953:Battle of Lingones
904: –
897:
774:Historia Francorum
605:
567:Ammianus relates (
467:
435:
246:), the Turkish is
161:, established the
143:Carolingian Empire
43:
32:Alamanni (surname)
4493:History of Alsace
4488:History of Swabia
4460:
4459:
4360:(3rd-century–911)
4330:Germania Superior
4242:
4241:
4169:
4141:
3973:
3972:
3813:
3812:
2985:Gothic and Vandal
2777:Germanic Iron Age
2752:Nordic Bronze Age
2734:Northern European
2550:978-0-19-929568-5
2358:Michael Speidel,
2275:Ian Wood (1998).
2151:978-3-031-09722-5
2084:Walafrid Strabo,
1879:6 (1888), p. 299.
1839:in pago Almanniae
1704:Hornblower, Simon
1455:Nordendorf fibula
1413:and his disciple
1347:Baden-Württemberg
1219:Alsatian language
1203:Baden-Württemberg
1136:Holy Roman Empire
1089:Battle of Tolbiac
906:Emperor Gallienus
860:Eagle in the Snow
798:Claudius Gothicus
794:Battle of Naissus
732:
731:
558:Germania Inferior
542:Germania Superior
352:("worshippers of
250:, the Spanish is
175:Holy Roman Empire
18:Duke of Alamannia
16:(Redirected from
4505:
4161:
4145:
4119:
3988:
3981:
3876:
3862:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3817:
3803:
3802:
3759:Christianization
3349:Ripuarian Franks
2721:Germanic peoples
2714:
2707:
2700:
2691:
2646:
2636:
2600:Science Advances
2583:Gregory of Tours
2573:Melchior Goldast
2557:Ian Wood (ed.),
2554:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2409:
2403:
2392:
2386:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2245:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2173:. "Chapter 42".
2167:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2125:
2114:
2107:
2101:
2078:
2072:
2041:
2035:
2015:
2009:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1940:
1927:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1900:, from c. 1160.
1886:
1880:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1792:Darvill, Timothy
1787:
1782:
1780:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1690:
1684:
1659:
1653:
1641:
1555:Niederstotzingen
1550:Science Advances
1359:Christianization
1199:Alemannic German
1161:Alemannic German
1132:Louis the German
1128:treaty of Verdun
1093:Gregory of Tours
749:Gregory of Tours
649:
631:
624:
617:
608:
601:Limes Germanicus
562:dendrochronology
550:Limes Germanicus
517:Geticus Maximus,
513:Helvius Pertinax
501:Historia Augusta
407:is shown beyond
358:Annio da Viterbo
275:
274:
241:
240:
220:
182:Alemannic German
167:Henry the Fowler
156:
153:Raetia Curiensis
125:
76:
75:
21:
4513:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4439:Gau Baden-Elsaß
4403:Further Austria
4366:(circa 630–699)
4364:Duchy of Alsace
4354:(circa 213–496)
4316:
4266:SC Schiltigheim
4238:
4217:
4187:
4179:Diocese of Metz
4149:Catholic Church
4133:
4129:
4125:
4118:
4110:
4070:
4010:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3969:
3924:
3870:
3863:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3814:
3809:
3791:
3753:
3034:
2996:
2958:Gothic alphabet
2850:Norse mythology
2786:
2740:
2723:
2718:
2664:
2659:
2592:
2551:
2538:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2478:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2443:
2439:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2393:
2389:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2308:
2306:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2127:
2126:
2117:
2113:(1898), p. 192.
2108:
2104:
2079:
2075:
2045:Inglis Palgrave
2042:
2038:
2032:Wayback Machine
2016:
2012:
2000:
1996:
1987:
1985:
1980:Edward Gibbon.
1979:
1978:
1974:
1959:, ed. (1911). "
1955:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1887:
1883:
1837:
1833:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1790:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1744:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1708:Eidinow, Esther
1694:
1691:
1687:
1667:Duchy of Swabia
1660:
1656:
1650:1911 Britannica
1642:
1638:
1633:
1591:
1583:Southern Europe
1573:, particularly
1559:R1b1a2a1a1c2b2b
1545:
1527:
1518:Lex Alamannorum
1503:Bishop of Basel
1499:Augusta Raurica
1419:Jonas of Bobbio
1315:
1297:
1231:
1173:Old High German
1149:
1144:
1073:
1067:
975:Battle of Reims
942:Battle of Pavia
889:
873:Alba-la-Romaine
733:
728:
650:
637:
635:
593:
552:in the time of
398:
378:Beatus Rhenanus
362:Hebrew language
350:Martem colentes
328:Walafrid Strabo
292:
286:
213:name of Germany
210:French-language
163:Duchy of Swabia
122:Lex Alamannorum
83:Old High German
55:Germanic tribes
35:
28:
27:Germanic people
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4511:
4509:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4465:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4448:
4442:
4436:
4430:
4424:
4418:
4412:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4393:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4367:
4361:
4355:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4334:Pagus Alsatiae
4326:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4261:SIG Strasbourg
4258:
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4208:
4197:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4186:
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4184:
4183:
4159:
4153:
4151:
4142:
4130:Alsace–Moselle
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4102:
4096:
4090:
4085:
4078:
4076:
4072:
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4054:Musée alsacien
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3869:Administrative
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3430:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3416:Thracian Goths
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3357:
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2767:Roman Iron Age
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2662:External links
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2368:978-0415311991
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2340:Speidel (2004)
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2065:H. M. Chadwick
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1994:
1972:
1957:Chisholm, Hugh
1928:
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1910:
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1831:
1829:
1828:
1813:978-0191727139
1812:
1802:(3 ed.).
1794:, ed. (2009).
1788:
1773:978-0195187922
1772:
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1727:978-0191735257
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1716:(4 ed.).
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1447:Pforzen buckle
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1191:Charles Martel
1169:Pforzen buckle
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1069:Main article:
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492:Traiana Fortis
445:Agri Decumates
409:Silva Marciana
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386:late antiquity
316:Nicolas Fréret
285:
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230:Middle English
114:allies of the
73:Agri Decumates
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4281:FC Vendenheim
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4193:Protestantism
4190:
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3391:Crimean Goths
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2792:Early culture
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2109:Rudolf Much,
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2014:
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996:
994:
990:
986:
983:
980:
976:
972:
967:
964:
961:
958:
954:
951:
950:
948:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
927:
924:
923:
921:
918:
914:
910:
907:
903:
899:
898:
893:
886:
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
861:
856:
855:Wallace Breem
852:
851:Swiss Plateau
848:
844:
840:
836:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
812:
810:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
788:
783:
781:
780:Roman temples
777:
775:
770:
769:Vasso Galatae
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
656:
653:
648:
644:
640:
632:
627:
625:
620:
618:
613:
612:
609:
602:
597:
590:
588:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
565:
563:
560:are dated by
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
538:
536:
535:
528:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
493:
486:
482:
480:
476:
472:
465:
461:
456:
452:
450:
446:
442:
441:
432:
431:
430:Silva Vosagus
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
395:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
334:
329:
325:
324:"sanctuary".
323:
322:
317:
313:
309:
308:Edward Gibbon
305:
301:
297:
294:According to
291:
283:
281:
279:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
235:
231:
227:
224:
219:
214:
211:
207:
204:and Austrian
203:
202:Liechtenstein
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
155:
154:
148:
144:
139:
137:
133:
129:
124:
123:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
92:
90:
89:
84:
80:
74:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
39:
33:
19:
4396:Upper Alsace
4391:Lower Alsace
4351:
4340:Argentoratum
4333:
4308:
4234:consistories
4172:
4134:
4128:Concordat in
4107:(since 2021)
4101:(since 2021)
4095:(since 2016)
4053:
4044:Demographics
4024:Coat of arms
3937:
3887:
3085:Anglo-Saxons
3075:Adrabaecampi
3058:Bucinobantes
3047:
2800:Architecture
2673:The Alemanni
2653:
2611:: eaao1262.
2604:
2598:
2586:
2576:
2558:
2540:
2526:
2520:
2495:
2486:
2466:
2459:
2445:
2444:R. Keydell,
2440:
2429:. Retrieved
2414:
2407:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2371:
2359:
2354:
2345:
2336:
2327:
2318:
2307:. Retrieved
2297:
2277:
2270:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2232:
2218:
2204:
2197:Tac. Ger. 29
2192:
2180:. Retrieved
2175:
2165:
2155:, retrieved
2133:
2110:
2105:
2093:
2090:Migne (1852)
2088:(833/4) ed.
2085:
2080:
2076:
2068:
2060:
2048:
2039:
2018:
2013:
2001:
1997:
1986:. Retrieved
1982:"Chapter 10"
1975:
1964:
1922:
1913:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1888:recorded as
1884:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1824:
1817:. Retrieved
1799:
1784:
1777:. Retrieved
1757:
1738:
1731:. Retrieved
1711:
1688:
1676:
1670:
1662:
1657:
1645:
1639:
1548:
1546:
1516:
1506:
1487:John of Grab
1476:
1467:
1458:
1436:
1431:syncretistic
1408:
1404:
1399:
1387:
1372:
1356:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1232:
1215:Swiss German
1194:
1186:
1185:
1158:
1117:
1109:Theudebert I
1082:
869:Alba Augusta
868:
858:
832:
828:Chnodomarius
816:Argentoratum
813:
806:
784:
776:Book I.32–34
773:
768:
737:Roman Empire
734:
724:Argentovaria
699:Durocortorum
664:Lake Benacus
642:
641:against the
603:83 to 260 CE
585:
580:
575:undertook a
566:
539:
532:
529:
525:
516:
509:Alemannicus,
508:
504:
496:
491:
487:
483:
468:
438:
436:
428:
420:
413:Black Forest
408:
404:
373:
369:
349:
341:
337:
331:
326:
319:
311:
303:
302:), the name
293:
277:
263:
255:
251:
247:
243:
233:
225:
179:
140:
93:
86:
50:
46:
44:
4447:(1945–2016)
4441:(1940–1945)
4435:(1871–1918)
4429:(1814-1871)
4423:(1500-1679)
4417:(1456–1736)
4411:(1354–1679)
4384:(1165−1793)
4336:) (83–475)
4271:FC Sélestat
4084:(1982–2015)
3525:Nahanarvali
3448:Hilleviones
3361:Frisiavones
3229:Cananefates
3219:Burgundians
3130:Banochaemae
2980:Anglo-Saxon
2931:Anglo-Saxon
2897:Anglo-Saxon
2880:Anglo-Saxon
2863:Anglo-Saxon
2533:Dio Cassius
1819:January 25,
1779:January 26,
1733:January 26,
1683:in Galicia.
1363:Merovingian
1351:ring-spatha
1343:Sigmaringen
1323:Pliezhausen
917:Claudius II
843:Rhine river
471:Cassius Dio
460:grave field
346:Jacob Grimm
159:Burchard II
134:, however,
63:Cassius Dio
59:Upper Rhine
4467:Categories
4372:(982–1803)
4307:See also:
4135:including
4064:Strasbourg
3890:Unterelsaß
3884:Strasbourg
3744:Vinoviloth
3532:Marcomanni
3515:Helveconae
3493:Heaðobards
3463:Istvaeones
3453:Ingaevones
3438:Hermunduri
3406:Ostrogoths
3396:Greuthungi
3274:Chattuarii
3100:Angrivarii
3095:Ampsivarii
3063:Lentienses
2892:Literature
2782:Viking Age
2681:(archived)
2675:(archived)
2589:, book ii.
2535:lxvii. ff.
2477:3110082373
2431:2012-01-02
2309:2019-04-29
2288:0851157238
2182:25 October
2157:2023-01-04
2059:'s ed. of
1988:2012-01-02
1984:. Ccel.org
1796:"Alamanni"
1700:"Alamanni"
1631:References
1529:See also:
1485:appointed
1415:Saint Gall
1411:Columbanus
1394:Theudebald
1379:Visigothic
1368:syncretism
1225:(France).
1211:Vorarlberg
1105:Ostrogoths
1097:Book II.31
820:Strasbourg
719:Solicinium
714:Strasbourg
689:Vindonissa
659:Mediolanum
497:Germanica.
464:Weingarten
449:Helvetians
223:Old French
206:Vorarlberg
171:stem duchy
128:suzerainty
4451:Grand Est
4358:Alamannia
4122:according
4093:Grand Est
3940:Oberelsaß
3930:Haut-Rhin
3871:divisions
3739:Vidivarii
3734:Victohali
3724:Vangiones
3657:Thuringii
3562:Nuithones
3458:Irminones
3421:Visigoths
3411:Thervingi
3371:Gambrivii
3324:Dulgubnii
3319:Dauciones
3269:Chasuarii
3209:Brondings
3135:Bastarnae
3125:Baiuvarii
3105:Armalausi
3068:Raetovari
3002:Languages
2970:Symbology
2830:Folklore
2825:Festivals
1873:Alamannia
1855:Alamannia
1625:Charietto
1610:Armalausi
1575:Lithuania
1327:Roman era
1285:optimates
1195:Alemannic
1187:Alemannia
1071:Alamannia
1014:Gratianus
993:Rhineland
790:Gallienus
757:Gallienus
669:Placentia
569:xvii.1.11
511:at which
490:Legio II
475:Caracalla
427:, beyond
415:) in the
405:Alamannia
390:North Sea
374:Alemannus
310:, in his
264:Yr Almaen
226:aleman(t)
218:Allemagne
192:, French
116:Christian
108:dominions
96:conquered
88:Alamannia
67:Caracalla
4473:Alemanni
4409:Décapole
4352:Alemanni
4175:Lorraine
4167:Holy See
4137:Lorraine
4116:Religion
4075:Politics
4001:Alsatian
3994:Language
3880:Bas-Rhin
3805:Category
3712:Hasdingi
3697:Usipetes
3677:Tubantes
3662:Toxandri
3642:Tencteri
3617:Suarines
3602:Sicambri
3597:Semnones
3577:Reudigni
3547:Mattiaci
3537:Marsacii
3488:Lombards
3478:Lacringi
3473:Juthungi
3304:Corconti
3289:Cherusci
3264:Charudes
3244:Chaedini
3214:Bructeri
3199:Bateinoi
3170:Eburones
3165:Condrusi
3160:Caeroesi
3155:Atuatuci
3090:Ambrones
3053:Brisgavi
3048:Alemanni
2926:Paganism
2815:Clothing
2810:Calendar
2757:Germania
2650:C. Zeuss
2643:30191172
2096:(1836),
2028:Archived
1961:Alamanni
1906:allemand
1748:(2005).
1710:(eds.).
1698:(2012).
1620:Helvetii
1589:See also
1567:northern
1525:Genetics
1513:Lantfrid
1479:Konstanz
1401:thereby.
1390:Agathias
1383:Arianism
1295:Religion
1181:Lombards
1147:Language
1120:Carloman
1118:In 746,
1113:Frankish
1085:Clovis I
1044:Majorian
930:Aurelian
802:Po River
765:Clermont
753:Valerian
684:Lingones
647:Juthungi
645:and the
643:Alemanni
440:Germania
382:humanist
304:Alamanni
300:Agathias
266:and the
256:Alemanha
252:Alemania
136:Carloman
100:Frankish
51:Alamanni
47:Alemanni
4453:(2016–)
4322:History
4313:(Paris)
4222:Judaism
4165:to the
4059:Hagenau
4016:Culture
3857:topics
3729:Varisci
3717:Silingi
3707:Vandals
3682:Tulingi
3672:Triboci
3667:Treveri
3647:Teutons
3637:Taifals
3612:Sitones
3552:Nemetes
3510:Helisii
3483:Lemovii
3401:Gutones
3334:Firaesi
3329:Favonae
3309:Cugerni
3299:Cobandi
3254:Chamavi
3249:Chaemae
3239:Casuari
3234:Caritni
3204:Betasii
3175:Paemani
3110:Auiones
2975:Warfare
2953:Scripts
2921:Numbers
2745:History
2634:6124919
2613:Bibcode
2510:Sources
2171:Tacitus
2047:(ed.),
1954::
1898:alemand
1894:alemant
1756:(ed.).
1750:"Goths"
1615:Varisci
1579:Iceland
1464:Bad Ems
1443:fibulae
1423:Bregenz
1377:due to
1269:regales
1221:of the
1207:Bavaria
1142:Culture
1103:of the
1087:at the
877:Viviers
787:Emperor
761:Chrocus
709:Senonae
704:Brumath
342:Cyuuari
338:Ziuwari
268:Persian
248:Almanya
244:Almania
239:ألمانيا
234:Almains
173:of the
102:leader
98:by the
57:on the
4445:Alsace
4248:Sports
4124:to the
4049:Kelsch
4039:People
4034:Anthem
4006:French
3934:Colmar
3855:Alsace
3852:
3749:Warini
3702:Vagoth
3687:Tungri
3652:Thelir
3632:Swedes
3627:Sunici
3592:Saxons
3587:Rugini
3520:Manimi
3505:Diduni
3443:Heruli
3381:Gepids
3366:Frisii
3344:Franks
3294:Cimbri
3284:Chauci
3279:Chatti
3192:Nervii
3187:Morini
3145:Belgae
3140:Batavi
3115:Avarpi
3080:Angles
3040:Groups
2990:Viking
2936:Gothic
2914:Gothic
2820:Family
2641:
2631:
2565:
2547:
2521:passim
2474:
2422:
2384:p. 66.
2378:
2366:
2285:
2258:
2148:
2098:p. 498
2061:Gibbon
2053:, K.H.
2006:ELIOHS
1948:
1890:aleman
1869:Suebia
1864:Suebia
1859:Alsace
1810:
1770:
1724:
1563:U5a1a1
1541:, and
1501:, see
1375:Gibuld
1311:, and
1289:armati
1277:reguli
1265:reguli
1223:Alsace
1175:. The
1058:Franks
1054:Narses
1025:Aetius
982:Julian
979:Caesar
957:Caesar
881:Lozère
863:. The
847:Alsace
824:Julian
573:Julian
554:Trajan
534:tunica
421:Suevia
370:Mannum
258:, the
208:. The
194:Alsace
186:Swabia
104:Clovis
79:Alsace
4126:1801
3622:Suebi
3607:Sciri
3582:Rugii
3572:Quadi
3557:Njars
3542:Marsi
3500:Lugii
3468:Jutes
3433:Harii
3428:Gutes
3386:Goths
3376:Geats
3314:Danes
3259:Chali
3180:Segni
3120:Baemi
2963:Runes
2948:Rings
2941:Norse
2909:Names
2902:Norse
2885:Norse
2868:Norse
2607:(9).
2025:*man-
1904:s.v.
1849:797;
1845:797,
1841:762,
1752:. In
1702:. In
1677:Suebi
1672:Suebi
1663:Suebi
1495:Basel
1483:Gunzo
1427:Wodan
1273:reges
1253:regna
1048:554,
1034:457,
1019:451,
1008:378,
997:368,
987:357,
973:356,
911:268,
900:259,
835:Rhine
745:Goths
694:Autun
679:Pavia
581:Menus
425:Rhine
411:(the
366:Rhine
333:Suebi
321:*alah
278:Alman
273:آلمان
260:Welsh
190:Baden
112:pagan
4382:Salm
4029:Flag
3692:Ubii
3339:Fosi
3224:Buri
2639:PMID
2563:ISBN
2545:ISBN
2472:ISBN
2420:ISBN
2376:ISBN
2364:ISBN
2283:ISBN
2256:ISBN
2184:2022
2146:ISBN
2057:Bury
1821:2020
1808:ISBN
1781:2020
1768:ISBN
1735:2020
1722:ISBN
1577:and
1569:and
1491:Chur
1357:The
1281:pagi
1249:pagi
1245:Pagi
1239:pagi
1235:pagi
1029:Huns
949:298
922:271
755:and
741:Gaul
674:Fano
639:Rome
599:The
521:Geta
479:Main
380:, a
356:").
354:Mars
340:(as
284:Name
188:and
45:The
3567:Osi
2875:Law
2805:Art
2732:of
2629:PMC
2621:doi
2138:doi
2071:").
1963:".
1896:or
1515:'s
1095:. (
1042:by
462:at
348:as
280:).
270:is
262:is
49:or
4469::
4177::
4132:,
3936:)
3886:)
2652:,
2637:.
2627:.
2619:.
2603:.
2597:.
2585:,
2575:,
2519:,
2382:,
2144:,
2132:,
2118:^
2067:,
1931:^
1823:.
1806:.
1798:.
1783:.
1766:.
1762:.
1737:.
1720:.
1537:,
1533:,
1449:,
1417:.
1345:,
1307:,
1303:,
804:.
523:.
503:,
419:.
392:.
215:,
200:,
196:,
177:.
91:.
4332:(
4181:)
4173:(
4140:)
4120:(
3942:)
3938:(
3932:(
3892:)
3888:(
3882:(
3839:e
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2706:t
2699:v
2645:.
2623::
2615::
2605:4
2569:.
2553:.
2480:.
2434:.
2312:.
2291:.
2264:.
2199:.
2186:.
2140::
2100:.
2034:.
2008:.
1991:.
1908:.
1646:a
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871:(
818:(
630:e
623:t
616:v
433:.
276:(
242:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
