391:
118:
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533:. The relationship in terms of age and magma melts within the Dunedin volcanic group has caused some revision of previous models as part of a larger synthesis that remains incomplete as it requires reanalysis and new analysis of many volcanics, as well as better information from off land studies. A model consistent with current evidence is that there has been intermittent melting of a middle
587:
of having a potential magma melt pool still underneath it, as backed up by heat flow and surface helium measurements. Accordingly there may now be a gradually re-accumulating 10 million year melt which could, with a low risk of it happening, in due course become manifest as active surface volcanism
458:
creating the bulk of the volcano. The total volume of eruptives has been estimated to be 150 km (36 cu mi) but there was a much larger intrusive component at 600 km (140 cu mi). The final phase of eruptions are preserved as phonolite domes around
965:
Hoke, L; Poreda, R; Reay, A; Weaver, SD (2000). "The subcontinental mantle beneath southern New
Zealand, characterised by helium isotopes in intraplate basalts and gas-rich springs".
599:(centre of the image) and is now highly eroded. There is speculation that it may have been up to 1000m high. It is still close to the centre of the present magma hot spot underneath
551:
These volcanic centres can be dormant for tens of millions of years between eruptions. This implies that the mechanism of formation may be connected to the
183:
493:' shows various locations around Dunedin with information on age of the rocks and general evolution of the Dunedin Volcano and more distant volcanism.
1016:
1031:
841:
Scott, James M.; Pontesilli, Alessio; Brenna, Marco; White, James D. L.; Giacalone, Emanuele; Palin, J. Michael; le Roux, Petrus J. (2020).
474:
and the geomorphology of Mount
Cargill which has preserved lava domes. Basaltic columns are also to be found as prominent features above
880:
Hoernle, K; White, JDL; van den
Bogaard, P; Hauff, F; Coombs, DS; Werner, R; Timm, C; Garbe-Schönberg, D; Reay, A; Cooper, AF (2006).
1021:
257:. Clicking on the map enlarges it, and enables panning and mouseover of volcano name/wikilink and ages before present. Key for the
571:. If large sections of this already thin lithosphere sank into the asthenosphere, it would be replaced with hotter rock leading to
596:
584:
568:
1006:
699:
575:. This theoretically could cause volcanic activity that is locked to the moving lithosphere over many millions of years.
176:
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1026:
722:"Trachyte-phonolite transition at Dunedin Volcano: Fingerprints of magma plumbing system maturity and mush evolution"
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390:
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Volcanism began in a shallow marine environment. The volcano became larger with flows of basalt and minor
385:
567:
lower lithosphere into the asthenosphere. Zealandia has a thin lithosphere as it has been extended while
529:
followed by the
Dunedin Volcano, which is half its size, but is part of a much larger volcanic area, the
572:
479:
117:
721:
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937:
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that was active between 16 and 10 million years ago. It originally extended from the modern city of
810:
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Pontesilli, A.; Brenna, M.; Mollo, S.; Masotta, M.; Nazzari, M.; Le Roux, P.; Scarlato, P. (2022).
862:
792:
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563:. One possible mechanism for the creation of these volcanoes is the flaking off of the base of
843:"The Dunedin Volcanic Group and a revised model for Zealandia's alkaline intraplate volcanism"
745:
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now fills the oldest parts of the volcano. The remnants of the volcano form the hills around
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854:
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926:"Crustal structure and thermal anomalies of the Dunedin region, South Island, New Zealand"
773:"Geochronology and geochemistry of the Dunedin Volcanic Group, eastern Otago, New Zealand"
522:
443:
254:
882:"Cenozoic intraplate volcanism on New Zealand: Upwelling induced by lithospheric removal"
418:
about 25 km away. Extensive erosion has occurred over the last 10 million years and
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New
Zealand's South Island has many extinct volcanic centres with no yet fully agreed
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29:
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Coombs, Douglas S.; Adams, Christopher J.; Roser, Barry P.; Reay, Anthony (2008).
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of formation and the
Dunedin volcano is one of them. They extend in age from the
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375:/microgabbro will have shadings towards gray compared to erupted basalt.
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643:"Potassium-argon ages for the Dunedin volcano and outlying volcanics"
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A layer of scoria covered by a basalt lava flow at
Taiaroa Head
682:
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Basaltic columnar crystals in the "Organ pipes" formation
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Traces of the old
Dunedin Volcano are best seen in the
583:
The
Dunedin Volcano has the distinction amongst the
924:Godfrey, NJ; Davey, F; Stern, TA; Okaya, D (2001).
555:unlike some other intraplate volcanoes such as the
235:
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249:Map of selected surface volcanic features of the
595:The Dunedin Volcano was originally centred on
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917:
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847:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
777:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
647:New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics
8:
930:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
525:. The largest single eruptive centre is the
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497:Origin and relationship to other volcanoes
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20:
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694:
692:
633:
641:McDougall, Ian; Coombs, D. S. (1973).
7:
402:is an extensively eroded multi-vent
886:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
683:"New Zealand Stratigraphic Lexicon"
364:is lighter shades of violet), and
14:
261:that are shown with panning is:
1017:Shield volcanoes of New Zealand
967:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
811:"A city born of fire and rock"
660:10.1080/00288306.1973.10431451
287: undifferentiated basalts
16:Extinct volcano in New Zealand
1:
987:10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00346-X
859:10.1080/00288306.2019.1707695
815:Otago Daily Times Online News
1032:Polygenetic shield volcanoes
936:(30835–30848): 30835–30848.
742:10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106545
728:. 408–409 (106545): 106545.
470:geology walk, the cliffs at
569:rafting away from Australia
313:(basalts shades of olive),
1058:
906:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.06.001
559:, which are rooted in the
383:
369: plutonic or intusive
271:(shades of brown/orange),
789:10.1080/00288300809509860
491:Dunedin Volcano Animation
245:
115:
28:
1022:Miocene shield volcanoes
468:Dunedin Botanic Garden's
898:2006E&PSL.248..350H
622:Banks Peninsula Volcano
527:Banks Peninsula Volcano
513:and outcrop throughout
348: basaltic andesite
617:Dunedin volcanic group
604:
585:South Island volcanics
531:Dunedin volcanic group
395:
386:Dunedin volcanic group
301: arc ring basalts
594:
573:decompression melting
393:
371:(gray) - so dolerite/
139:Waipuna Bay Formation
1007:Geography of Dunedin
951:10.1029/2000JB000006
700:"Volcano Fact Sheet"
979:2000GeCoA..64.2489H
942:2001JGR...10630835G
734:2022Litho.40806545P
557:Hawaii island chain
195: /
30:Stratigraphic range
1037:Volcanoes of Otago
1027:Landforms of Otago
817:. 19 November 2018
605:
503:tectonic mechanism
396:
199:45.848°S 170.636°E
1012:Extinct volcanoes
973:(14): 2489–2507.
597:Quarantine Island
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343:(shades of red),
294: arc basalts
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548:-derived melts
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400:Dunedin Volcano
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24:Dunedin Volcano
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853:(4): 510–529.
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709:. GNS Science.
707:www.gns.cri.nz
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685:. GNS Science.
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579:Risk potential
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461:Mount Cargill
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819:. Retrieved
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582:
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542:metasomatism
535:lithospheric
500:
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476:Second Beach
465:
453:
399:
397:
251:South Island
231:Type section
18:
565:Zealandia's
553:lithosphere
544:by hydrous
521:and on the
440:Signal Hill
436:Saddle Hill
426:(including
412:New Zealand
278:monogenetic
226:New Zealand
202: /
190:170°38′10″E
177:Coordinates
41:16–10
1001:Categories
821:10 January
628:References
601:Portobello
519:Canterbury
507:Cretaceous
362:ignimbrite
187:45°50′53″S
867:212937447
797:129436943
758:244561166
750:0024-4937
669:0028-8306
484:Blackhead
432:Flagstaff
320:phonolite
259:volcanics
236:Named for
161:phonolite
144:Lithology
611:See also
588:again.
511:Pliocene
480:St Clair
472:Aramoana
456:trachyte
416:Aramoana
357:rhyolite
340:andesite
171:Location
157:trachyte
136:Overlies
975:Bibcode
938:Bibcode
894:Bibcode
730:Bibcode
509:to the
482:and at
450:Geology
408:Dunedin
373:diabase
310:olivine
280:basalts
240:Dunedin
223:Country
165:breccia
149:Primary
131:Igneous
36:Miocene
865:
795:
756:
748:
726:Lithos
667:
538:mantle
489:This '
442:, and
367:
355:
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346:
338:
336:
330:dacite
328:
326:
318:
316:
308:
306:
299:
292:
285:
276:
274:
268:basalt
266:
264:
215:Region
153:Basalt
863:S2CID
793:S2CID
754:S2CID
703:(PDF)
540:with
515:Otago
218:Otago
823:2019
746:ISSN
665:ISSN
398:The
163:and
128:Type
52:PreꞒ
983:doi
946:doi
934:106
902:doi
890:248
855:doi
785:doi
738:doi
655:doi
478:at
446:).
414:to
360:, (
1003::
981:.
971:64
969:.
944:.
932:.
928:.
914:^
900:.
888:.
884:.
861:.
851:63
849:.
845:.
831:^
813:.
791:.
781:51
779:.
775:.
752:.
744:.
736:.
724:.
705:.
691:^
663:.
651:16
649:.
645:.
607:.
517:,
486:.
463:.
438:,
434:,
430:,
410:,
350:,
333:,
303:,
296:,
289:,
282:,
159:,
155:,
102:Pg
43:Ma
32::
989:.
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908:.
904::
896::
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857::
825:.
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671:.
657::
603:.
107:N
97:K
92:J
87:T
82:P
77:C
72:D
67:S
62:O
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47:)
38:(
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