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holes in river banks, bushes, dense trees, hollow trees, and roots of fallen trees. Once the nest has been fully constructed, it is used for roosting, breeding and incubating. After breeding, the female lays clutches of an average of 4-6 eggs. Larger clutches can get up to 8 eggs. The average incubation period for a clutch of eggs is 13-14 days, depending on size. Once hatched, the young fledge after three weeks in the nest.
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Dusky Munia’s feed primarily on seeds, with grass seed making up an important part of the diet for many species. In addition, snails, omnivores, figs, ants, insects, nectar, berries and algae are digested by a few species. They fly in flocks while communicating with gentle whistles. These species are exceedingly social and likely will mate and doze to sleep with other Munia species.
283:
Borneo, grasslands, and agricultural fields such as rice paddy fields. They also tend to reside along riverbanks, reed-beds, secondary scrub and cultivated areas, from sea-level all the way up to 500 meters above ground. They are not migrants, and do not venture outside of their habitat during seasonal changes like many other species of birds.
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The females in the species build their nests out of bits of collected grass, or take over abandoned nests built by smaller birds (chestnut munia). Nesting can occur in a wide variety of different environments, but preferred conditions are dark, elevated spaces or small crevices. Many nest in caves,
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Islands. While the population size of the species is unknown, the population growth is stable, and virtually unthreatened. It is found in subtropical/ tropical lowland shrubland, forest and grassland habitat. Its habitat can vary widely, with sightings being recorded in the foothills of the island
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Its diet consists of grass seeds, seeds of weeds, rice grains, and insects. When searching for food, they mainly look through vegetation and on the ground. They also carefully pick out seeds from overturned clumps of earth and buffalo dung, as well as from seed heads and deep in the ground. Most
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The call of the dusky munia has a few variations. During flight, it calls out with a low-toned “teck teck”. While on the ground or in a tree, it can call out a shrill “pee pee”, a high-pitched “peep” or a thin “chirrup”.
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is a rich dark brown, with feathers of its crown streaked pale brown, and blue-gray legs. It has a gray ring around its eye, and is dark around the face, with a bill that has a black upper
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The dusky munia is a smaller perching bird, with adults growing to reach a body length of 10 to 11 centimeters long, and weighing in at 9.5 grams. Their
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420:"Dusky Munia bird photo call and song/ Lonchura fuscans (Spermestes fuscans)"
226:. It is also commonly referred to as the Dusky mannikin and the Bornean munia
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250:. It is most commonly spotted on the Island Borneo, but can be found in
238:. It is a monotypic species, and there are no subspecies in the genus.
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Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020).
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515:"Dusky Munia (Lonchura fuscans) - BirdLife species factsheet"
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394:Phillipps, Quentin & Phillipps, Karen (2011).
445:"Capucin sombre - Lonchura fuscans - Dusky Munia"
373:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22719812A94645745.en
588:"Waxbills and Allies (Estrildidae), version 1.0"
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481:"Dusky Munia (Lonchura fuscans), version 1.0"
396:Phillipps' Field Guide to the Birds of Borneo
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539:"Lonchura fuscans (Dusky Munia) - Avibase"
246:The status of the species is evaluated as
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398:. Oxford, UK: John Beaufoy Publishing.
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230:It is in the family of perching birds (
266:. It is also an introduced species in
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950:IUCN Red List least concern species
359:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
903:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
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348:BirdLife International (2016).
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38:from Upper Mentaya, Central
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612:BirdLife Species Factsheet
479:Payne, Robert B. (2020).
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78:Scientific classification
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366:: e.T22719812A94645745.
242:Distribution and habitat
965:Birds described in 1852
960:Endemic birds of Borneo
899:-related article is a
600:10.2173/bow.estril1.01
493:10.2173/bow.dusmun1.01
234:) and is in the genus
563:"Dusky Munia - eBird"
519:datazone.birdlife.org
543:avibase.bsc-eoc.org
48:Conservation status
592:Birds of the World
485:Birds of the World
214:) is a species of
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905:expanding it
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326:Reproduction
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24:Dusky munia
18:
897:Estrildidae
771:iNaturalist
655:Wikispecies
379:11 November
287:Description
264:Philippines
206:dusky munia
145:Estrildidae
944:Categories
862:Xeno-canto
572:2022-10-24
548:2022-10-21
524:2022-10-21
454:2022-10-21
429:2022-10-21
424:dibird.com
335:References
262:, and the
40:Kalimantan
567:ebird.org
501:216172291
256:Indonesia
218:which is
163:Species:
101:Kingdom:
95:Eukaryota
955:Lonchura
815:22719812
789:10211825
701:22719812
696:BirdLife
640:Wikidata
297:mandible
260:Malaysia
236:Lonchura
156:Lonchura
141:Family:
115:Chordata
111:Phylum:
105:Animalia
91:Domain:
68:IUCN 3.1
854:3597698
828:2448697
763:2493619
737:dusmun1
711:dusmun1
683:Avibase
646:Q862698
303:Ecology
293:plumage
276:Cagayan
220:endemic
197:, 1852)
151:Genus:
131:Order:
121:Class:
66: (
802:560849
750:917691
499:
402:
272:Banggi
268:Natuna
252:Brunei
224:Borneo
195:Cassin
895:This
841:78194
784:IRMNG
776:13882
732:eBird
724:72MND
708:BOW:
497:S2CID
901:stub
823:NCBI
810:IUCN
797:ITIS
758:GBIF
400:ISBN
381:2021
364:2016
317:Diet
280:Sulu
278:and
204:The
125:Aves
745:EoL
719:CoL
670:ADW
596:doi
489:doi
368:doi
222:to
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