315:. (May 31st, 2017) - Employees began to smell smoke in certain areas of the mill and decided to investigate. While narrowing the source, multiple workers heard and saw an explosion within one of two rotary gap mills. Evacuations quickly took place, but flames and secondary explosions propagated throughout the facility. Multiple buildings collapsed during the incident and equipment was damaged. Investigations found that the explosions were caused by insufficient dust management and a lack of propagation limiting engineering controls. 5 employees died and 14 were seriously injured.
146:
282:. Several factors are required for this to occur. The "Dust Explosion Pentagon" lists oxygen, heat, fuel, dispersion, and confinement as these key elements. No dust explosion could take place if just one were missing. One important thing to note is that not all fugitive dusts are flammable but should be tested to find if it is a potential hazard. There are also materials that may not be flammable in larger chunks but become a threat when reduced to dust particles.
174:
308:. (May 27th, 2011) - Hydrogen gas leak accidentally ignited by maintenance workers. Pressure wave from the initial explosion dispersed metal dust from all resting spots within facility. Combustible dust ignited while raining down on employees. Limited enclosure of conveyors and little to no dust clean-up can be credited for how this incident escalated after hydrogen explosion. Incident resulted in 5 deaths and 3 injuries.
166:
301:. (February 7th, 2008) - Product of smaller explosion taking place inside enclosed conveyor belt. Sugar dust became aloft and triggered a larger secondary explosion. Investigations found that product transfer equipment was not properly designed, and housekeeping procedures were not of a sufficient quality. 14 employees died and 36 were injured.
415:
dust samplers. At least six samplers were needed downstream of a dust source. Exposure profiling was developed later and used in the 1980s and 1990s. Later improvements use time-resolved dust monitors to isolate short-term dust releases. New methods include
Optical Remote Sensing which uses an open
484:
Fugitive dust acquires an electrostatic charge when dispersed in the air. Spraying an oppositely charged water fog can be used to effectively control dust in an industrial setting. If so charged, less water is needed to cause the particulate matter to drop from the air. This method has been tested
460:
has an
Agricultural Dust Program with compliance officers that inspect agricultural operations and investigate dust complaints. All farms in the state must take "reasonable precautions" to "minimize" the emission of fugitive dust. More stringent procedures must be followed in areas that don't meet
447:
For indoor sources, effective prevention methods consist of inspections and material transfer isolation. Implementing a thorough schedule of inspecting locations of potential dust build up and procedures for cleaning these surfaces can limit high accumulations of dust. Enclosing conveyor belts and
328:
As wind-borne dust can easily migrate, respiratory irritation can occur in construction and agricultural workers close to a source as well as others including wildlife. In addition to adverse health effects, the abrasive nature of particulate matter can cause property damage and obscure visibility
424:
Various methods are employed to minimize fugitive dust. In agricultural settings, bare soil can be covered with crop residue or planted with cover crops between seasons. Dirt roads can be sprayed with water to contain dust, or stabilized with chemicals that form hard surface crusts, or paved with
480:
Dust emitted from processing equipment that may not contain typical soil components is also considered fugitive dust. In this context, fugitive dust is dust that has "escaped" during any mechanical process and entered the atmosphere. Fugitive dust emissions within a structure can not only cause
324:
The inhalation of PM by people introduces it into the lungs where it can cause respiratory illnesses, permanent lung damage, and in some individuals premature death. PM with diameters of ≤10 micrometers (PM10) can harm human health, with particles of ≤2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) being the worst.
379:
residents alleges that their homes were subjected, "on almost a daily basis", to blown "pesticide-laden fugitive dust". The residents claimed their homes sustained physical damage and they were forced to live with their windows closed year-round. They were seeking monetary damages from
197:
climates, especially when combined with high winds, have more severe problems of fugitive dust. Dry and disturbed surfaces can release wind-borne fugitive dust for many months before there is sufficient rainfall to coagulate the soil, this includes the dust
289:
usually takes place within machinery or an enclosed area. This can disturb dust which has settled or damage surrounding equipment. The second explosion then has the potential to be far more destructive since more dust is dispersed and ready to ignite.
425:
aggregate or a hard surface. In windy areas, wind barriers including fences or vegetation can reduce wind speed and trap larger particles already in the air. Irrigation can be used to keep soil moist between natural rainfalls.
443:
to suppress dust until the moisture evaporates. Other chemicals can provide protection for up to six months. Wind fences of polyester fabric can also be used to slow wind movement and minimize fugitive dust.
939:
472:
has specific standards for daily average particulate matter originating from active mines. Finer particulates have been detected up to 20 kilometres (12 mi) from mining operations.
771:
267:
industry during packaging or production. In order to reduce the possibility of different hazards brought upon by indoor fugitive dusts, prevention must be a top priority.
1122:
913:
118:. The term is used to denote that the dust "escapes" into the atmosphere rather than being exhausted in a "confined flow stream" from a "ducted emitter" (an
247:
In addition to outdoor dust sources, numerous indoor dust sources also exist, often in manufacturing and similar industries. Examples of this include the
947:
772:"CSB Releases Final Investigation Report on Three Accidents at the Hoeganaes Iron Powder Facility in Gallatin, Tennessee - Investigations - News | CSB"
855:
462:
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respiratory problems but, when generated during the processing of combustible materials, can cause fire and blast damage if ignited.
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244:, 19 percent agricultural, 15 percent from paved roads, 5 percent from wind erosion, 1 percent from mining according to the EPA.
469:
130:
970:
564:
Allegheny
National Forest (N.F.), the Willow Creek All-terrain Vehicle Trail Expansion Project: Environmental Impact Statement
213:
Surfaces susceptible to fugitive dust emissions are both natural and man-made. Specific sources include open fields and
372:
700:
270:
There are two general kinds of hazards associated with airborne dusts- combustible dust scenarios and health effects.
252:
1070:. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory.
1023:
Surface Mining
Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 Section 501(b) Regulatory Program: Environmental Impact Statement
356:
along a 19 miles (31 km) road within the monument. A follow-up study in 2006 found slightly elevated levels of
526:
884:
181:
Fugitive dust results from dry conditions where there is insufficient moisture content in the ground to maintain
189:(PM) then enters the atmosphere through the action of wind, vehicular movement, or other activities. Areas with
384:
to compensate for the reduced value of their homes and suggested future lawsuits would address health issues.
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150:
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551:. California Environmental Protection Agency. Air Resources Board. Compliance Assistance Program. 1992.
44:
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1021:
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677:(Volume 9069 of Report of investigations ed.). U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines
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588:
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Fugitive dust can be controlled by the application of various chemical suppressants including
241:
87:
562:
225:
operations are also sources of fugitive dust as a result of many mining operations including
548:
Fugitive Dust
Control Self-inspection Handbook: How to Control Dust and Reduce Air Pollution
429:
173:
416:
path laser transmissometer used with time-resolved dust monitors and other wind monitors.
107:
83:
411:
One of the first methods of measuring fugitive dust was developed in the 1970s and used
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448:
providing proper dust collection measures will reduce leakage and control dispersion.
381:
279:
222:
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at a coal processing plant has caused "extensive damage" through erosion to blades on
59:. A significant volume of fugitive dust that is visible from a distance is known as a
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1111:
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99:
79:
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36:
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PM 10 and
Fugitive Dust in the Southwest Ambient Impact, Sources and Remedies,
165:
511:
440:
240:
In 1995, 28 percent of fugitive dust in the US originated from unpaved roads,
234:
207:
203:
115:
95:
91:
68:
64:
56:
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Dust explosion incidents primarily occur in two separate stages. The initial
521:
516:
400:
392:
226:
111:
1067:
824:
Kim, Young; Platt, Ulrich; Gu, Man Bock; Iwahashi, Hitoshi (June 4, 2009).
17:
1097:
Fugitive Dust
Control Technology Issue 96 of Pollution technology review
856:"Heavy Metals Detected in Wildlife of Cape Krusenstern National Monument"
388:
230:
199:
182:
154:
75:
40:
641:
Wayne T. Davis; Air & Waste
Management Association (April 6, 2000).
102:
and settle more quickly than the smaller particles. It does not include
494:
457:
361:
263:, various food industries like sugar, spices, and grains, and even the
190:
123:
995:
486:
376:
349:
337:
194:
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claims that fugitive dust from a 215-foot (66 m)-high pile of
584:
Standard
Handbook of Environmental Science, Health, and Technology
433:
365:
304:
Hoeganaes Corporation metal flash fires and hydrogen explosion in
278:
The presence of indoor dust creates the potential for combustible
172:
164:
144:
134:
357:
221:
sites, unenclosed storage piles, and material transfer systems.
52:
615:
439:
Coal dust piles have been treated with water or other chemical
352:
were affected due to dust generated from hauling ore from the
914:"Arizona seeks $ 600,000 for 'fugitive dust' east of Tucson"
133:
estimated that fugitive dust was responsible for 92% of the
329:
leading to vehicular collisions causing injury and death.
94:. About half of fugitive dust particles are larger than 10
674:
Fugitive dust control for haulage roads and tailing basins
971:"Fugitive Dust Mitigation Solutions for Coal Stockpiles"
885:"Wind Farm Takes Coal Plant to Court on 'Fugitive Dust'"
747:"Imperial Sugar Company Dust Explosion and Fire | CSB"
332:
Fugitive dust can also harm plant life. In 1999, the
827:
Atmospheric and Biological Environmental Monitoring
701:"Clean Air Act Permitting Best Practices Documents"
293:Examples of combustible dust disasters include:
217:, paved and unpaved roads, agricultural fields,
169:Fugitive dust from construction work in a city.
940:"Home News Local Waimea residents sue Pioneer"
251:process which incorporates different forms of
1002:. Arizona Department of Environmental Quality
622:. Arizona Department of Environmental Quality
106:from other common artificial sources such as
8:
311:Didion Milling Inc. corn dust explosions in
729:"Hazard Alert: Combustible Dust Explosions"
938:Van Voorhis, Vanessa (December 13, 2011).
233:piles, drilling, blasting, the removal of
830:. Springer Science & Business Media.
671:Olson, Keith S.; Veith, David L. (1987).
436:, salts, plastics, and wetting agents.
137:emissions in the United States in 1995.
907:
905:
883:Staples, Daniel W. (October 23, 2017).
878:
876:
849:
847:
819:
817:
538:
1123:Environmental law in the United States
1037:Russell A. Ogle (September 10, 2016).
202:. Large-scale fugitive dust driven by
854:Repanshek, Kurt (February 12, 2009).
666:
664:
610:
608:
606:
604:
63:, and a large dust cloud driven by a
7:
723:
721:
694:
692:
576:
574:
297:Imperial Sugar Factory explosion in
969:Larson, Aaron (September 1, 2015).
581:Jay H. Lehr; Janet K. Lehr (2000).
237:and the actual mineral extraction.
74:Fugitive dust particles are mainly
1086:US Environmental Protection Agency
364:concentrations in small birds and
346:Cape Krusenstern National Monument
242:23 percent from construction sites
25:
1043:. Elsevier Science. p. 560.
797:"Combustible Dust Timeline | CSB"
699:US EPA, OAR (February 23, 2022).
644:Air pollution engineering manual
616:"Fugitive Dust Prevention Tips"
470:Environmental Protection Agency
371:A lawsuit in 2011 filed by 150
177:Fugitive dust from agriculture.
131:Environmental Protection Agency
912:Beal, Tom (October 14, 2016).
485:with many materials including
1:
587:. McGraw Hill Professional.
185:and hold the soil together.
996:"Agricultural Dust Program"
1144:
527:Occupational dust exposure
368:captured along the road.
78:common to soil, including
1064:Stuart A. Hoenig (1977).
51:that is sourced from the
465:air quality standards.
274:Combustible dust hazards
1118:Air pollution emissions
1040:Dust Explosion Dynamics
860:National Parks Traveler
299:Port Wentworth, Georgia
178:
170:
162:
149:Fugitive dust clouds (
334:National Park Service
176:
168:
148:
432:, petroleum resins,
159:military helicopters
39:term for very small
35:is an environmental
342:non-vascular plants
306:Gallatin, Tennessee
918:Arizona Daily Star
387:A 2017 lawsuit in
313:Cambria, Wisconsin
187:Particulate matter
179:
171:
163:
104:particulate matter
88:calcium carbonates
1050:978-0-12-803829-1
950:on April 11, 2013
944:The Garden Island
889:Courth House News
837:978-1-4020-9674-7
654:978-0-471-33333-3
594:978-0-07-038309-8
430:lignin sulfonates
16:(Redirected from
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153:) stirred up by
27:Atmospheric dust
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1079:Further reading
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468:The US Federal
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280:dust explosions
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143:
108:vehicle exhaust
84:aluminum oxides
28:
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382:DuPont Pioneer
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320:Health effects
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265:pharmaceutical
223:Surface mining
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80:silicon oxides
67:is known as a
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507:Air pollution
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43:suspended in
42:
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34:
33:Fugitive dust
30:
19:
1066:
1059:
1039:
1032:
1022:
1016:
1006:November 27,
1004:. Retrieved
999:
990:
980:December 10,
978:. Retrieved
974:
964:
954:November 27,
952:. Retrieved
948:the original
943:
933:
921:. Retrieved
917:
892:. Retrieved
888:
863:. Retrieved
859:
826:
804:. Retrieved
800:
791:
779:. Retrieved
775:
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754:. Retrieved
750:
741:
733:www.osha.gov
732:
708:. Retrieved
704:
681:November 27,
679:. Retrieved
673:
643:
636:
626:November 27,
624:. Retrieved
619:
583:
563:
557:
547:
541:
483:
479:
467:
455:
446:
438:
427:
423:
410:
399:in a nearby
386:
370:
354:Red Dog mine
331:
327:
323:
292:
287:deflagration
284:
277:
269:
249:metalworking
246:
239:
219:construction
215:parking lots
212:
180:
128:
120:exhaust pipe
73:
60:
49:mineral dust
47:, primarily
32:
31:
29:
923:December 9,
894:December 9,
865:December 9,
801:www.csb.gov
776:www.csb.gov
751:www.csb.gov
705:www.epa.gov
476:Other types
441:surfactants
407:Measurement
336:found that
204:gust fronts
116:smokestacks
96:micrometres
92:iron oxides
55:of Earth's
37:air quality
1112:Categories
533:References
512:Asian dust
452:Regulation
420:Prevention
413:isokinetic
340:and other
235:overburden
227:haul roads
208:dust storm
206:creates a
112:burn piles
69:dust storm
65:gust front
61:dust cloud
57:pedosphere
18:Dust cloud
1000:azdeq.gov
806:April 14,
781:April 13,
756:April 13,
710:April 13,
647:. Wiley.
620:azdeq.gov
522:Coal dust
517:Bull dust
401:wind farm
393:coal dust
261:polishing
151:brownouts
129:The U.S.
41:particles
501:See also
389:Maryland
253:grinding
200:Bulldust
183:adhesion
155:downwash
100:diameter
76:minerals
1026:. 1979.
567:. 2006.
495:fly ash
489:flour,
463:Federal
458:Arizona
434:latexes
362:cadmium
344:in the
257:cutting
231:tailing
191:dryland
141:Sources
124:chimney
45:the air
1101:
1091:
1047:
834:
651:
591:
493:, and
487:silica
377:Hawaii
373:Waimea
350:Alaska
338:lichen
259:, and
195:desert
975:Power
366:voles
157:from
135:PM-10
1128:Dust
1099:ISBN
1089:ISBN
1045:ISBN
1008:2017
982:2017
956:2017
925:2017
896:2017
867:2017
832:ISBN
808:2024
783:2024
758:2024
712:2024
683:2017
649:ISBN
628:2017
589:ISBN
360:and
358:lead
90:and
53:soil
497:.
348:in
193:or
126:).
122:or
114:or
98:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
