157:. The local governor Vadamalaiyappan Pillai created new idols and took it to the Tiruchendur temple. On the way he stayed in a place. While he is sleeping he had a dream about the location of idol inside the sea marked by kite flying around on the top and lemon floating on the surface of sea where idols are submerged. The idols are recovered miraculously with the information that he got in the dream. The place where he stayed is called as Murugankurichi- meaning the place where Lord Murugan gave information about the idols. As the old idols are recovered, The new idols are placed in Tirupirantheeswarar Temple, Palayamkottai.This incident is marked as paintings inside Tiruchendur Subramanyaswamy Temple. Even the name of divers who helped to recover the idols from the sea is mentioned in paintings
120:
107:
242:
26:
297:, led a force of 436 Europeans in an assault on the Portuguese. In the course of this conflict, the Dutch occupied the Portuguese possessions at Tiruchendur, Tuticorin and also the Murugan Temple. They fortified the temple, and used it as a garrison. The Gold and silver of the temple was freely looted by the soldiers. The local people made several futile attempts to gain control of the temple, and finally made a formal complaint to
270:
expulsion. An offer of 9000 Guilders (3000 reals) to
Sivanandiappa Pillai and 15000 Guilders (5000 reals) to Tirumalai Naikkar was made. However, the Naikaar was not convinced and did not allow the expulsion of the Dutch. However, after two years, Deva Chatira Ayya, the governor of Tirunelveli was alleged to have taken a bribe of 3000 reals, for looking the other way when the
361:
and fled to Ceylon, fearing that the
Naikaar would attack with a larger force. However, they hacked and took away some stone images as ransom, and among the idols was that of Murugan (Subrahmanya). A ransom of 100000 reals was demanded from the local priests or the Naikaar. It was rumored that the idol was worth its weight in gold, as it was deeply revered by the locals.
227:
Indies. Dutch factories were established at Agra, Ahmedabad, Balasore (1658), Baranagore, Bimlipatam (1641), Bombay, Broach, Burhanpur, Chinsura (1653) (Fort
Gustavus), Cochin (1663), Karikal (1645), Kasimbazar and Patna. Throughout the 17th century, the Dutch established a monopoly over the spice trade.
336:
Vadamalaiappa Pillai recovered the original idol miraculously from the sea. According to local tradition, a dream revealed that the location where the idol was immersed would be shown by a floating lime, and a kite would be circling the skies. The place was supposed to have been found, and the idols
324:
According to local tradition, while vacating the
Tiruchendur temple, the Dutch decided to carry away the idol of the main deity of Shanmukhar and Śiva Natarajar, as they thought they were made of gold. Initial attempts to melt the idols for the metal proved futile, and they carried away the idols by
360:
in the North, he was unable to send troops to
Tirunchendur to dislodge the Dutch. Starting from 8 March 1649, skirmishes took place daily between the Dutch (led by Von der Behr) and the local villagers who tried to take back the temple. On 25 March 1649, the Dutch company forces vacated the temple
269:
In late 1646, Dom João Garcia
Sarmento, induced a certain Vithoji to travel with Dom Henrique da Cruz and some Parava chiefs, to the court of Tirumalai Naikaar at Madurai. Here, they argued that the Dutch East India Company had not made its promise of giving them annual gifts, and requested their
381:
resisted and stuck to his demand of ransom of 100000 reals. By mid 1650, the Dutch had reduced the ransom, but still found it difficult to buyers for the idol. In
September 1650, another group landed with a letter from Tirumalai Naikaar. However, its authenticity was doubted by Van Kittensteijn.
226:
The Dutch established the
Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) or the Dutch East India Company was formed in 1602 in order to carry out trade with India. having established their control over Java, Sumatra, and the Spice Islands, India was necessary for maintaining their hold over the East
325:
sea. However, once at sea, there was a wild storm and the vessel shook violently. Frightened that the idols had caused the bad weather, the Dutch sailors threw away the idol at sea. Meanwhile, the loss of the idol was reported by the locals to
Vadamalaiyappa Pillai, the local governor of
355:
On 22 February 1649, Mudaliyar, Pillai , Maraikkayar, negotiated on behalf of the
Madurai Naikkar to have the Tiruchendur temple vacated, for which Governor Maetsuycker demanded a ransom of 100000 reals. Since the Naikaar was at that time involved in a conflict with the
311:
While vacating the temple, the Dutch are said to have tried to destroy the structure by setting fire and bombardment. However their efforts were futile with the mandapams withstanding their battery attack. This is described by the French writer M Rennel, in his book
402:
The records of the Dutch East India Company are silent of what really happened to the idols after this. However, an inscription of the madapam of the temple dating to 1653, describe the event when the recovered idol of Tiruchendur was installed in the presence of
377:, carrying the representatives of Vadamalaiyappa Pillai the pradhani of the Madurai Naikaar, Narayana Mudaliyar the governor of Kayalpatam, Andagala the vice-governor of Kayalpatam, and the Brahmin heads of the Tiruchendur temple. Still Governor
195:
poetry refer to the Murugan seashore shrine at Tirrucciralaivay, which is thought to refer to the Tiruchendur Temple. The earliest existing inscription at the temple is dated 875 AD, and talks about a Pandyan called Varekuna Maran (p. 121).
144:
between the years 1646 to 1648, during the course of their war with the Portuguese. The local people tried during these 2 years to try and free their temple, with several futile attempts. The Dutch finally vacated the temple on orders from the
212:, trade ties between India and Europe was established. The Portuguese were followed by other Europeans such as the Dutch, Danes, French and the English. Between the mid 16th to 18th century, trade between India and Europe increased steadily.
399:, along with merchant Van der Meijden, offering to sell the idols for 25,000 to 30,000 reals. Finding no buyers, the idols were hurrdidely returned to Galle by Van der Meijden, due to alleged provocation from the Portuguese.
258:. This however meant direct conflict with the Portuguese in this area. In June 1648, the Dutch settlement at Kayalpatnam was attacked by the Portuguese, and the Dutch settlers made it barely with their lives to
364:
In January 1650, a delegation of both Hindu and Muslims was sent by the chiefs of Kayalpatnam to Van der Meijden of Dutch Ceylon, asking for the idol to be restituted. In early 1650, Ravi Varma VI, the
754:
352:. Repeated attempts were made by the Naikaar to restore the idol back to the Tiruchendur Temple. The Dutch held the idols for ransom, at one point demanding 100000 reals for its release.
337:
recovered by divers. The original idols were installed back at the temple, and the replacement idol was installed at Tiruppirantîsvarar Temple (Venku Patcha Kovil) at
308:. The events are described by Dutch soldier Johann von der Behr of Leipzig (1620–1680) and Johan de Vogel (d.1674) who a junior merchant and secretary (p. 336).
191:. No record exists on the data of actual construction of the temple, but there are records of improvements to the temple by Pandya and Chera Kingdoms. However, early
439:
Encounters on the Opposite Coast: The Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century: European Expansion and Indigenous Response
301:. Nayak mediated between the Dutch and the locals, advising the Dutch to vacate the temple, and also leave by the sea route, to prevent any further attacks on them.
166:
55:
533:
411:. Venrimalai Kavirayar (1624–1682), a priest of the Tiruchendur temple also composed a psalm in Tamil to mark the occasion. (p. 335–347)
254:
A treaty was signed between the Madurai Naikaar and the Dutch, and as per the terms, the Dutch were allowed for build a fortification at
721:
447:
149:
ruler. However, while vacating the temple, they hacked away and removed the idol of the main deity of the temple, and took it back to
759:
437:
567:
509:
369:
secretly negotiated for the idol to be sold to him. (The Raja had visited Tiruchendur in 1620, on his way to a pilgrimage to
304:
The Tiruchendur Temple was captured on 1 March 1649, and was used a base to launch attacks on the Portuguese interests of
124:
329:
for the Madurai Naikaar. Following which, Pillai ordered for a new idol to be made, and this was made and transported to
637:
711:
316:(1785), where the author claims he has heard the story from a former Dutch soldier who took part in the events.
236:
221:
141:
112:
749:
612:
587:
366:
378:
277:
In June 1648, the company residents vacated Kayalpatnam along with their movable property, by the yacht
241:
146:
686:
499:
25:
636:
Francis, W; Nicholson, Fredrick; Middlemiss, C S; Barber, C A; Thurston, E; Stuart, G H (1901).
717:
563:
505:
443:
357:
209:
404:
298:
294:
743:
255:
205:
349:
192:
180:
154:
408:
370:
338:
330:
326:
137:
501:
The many faces of Murukan̲ : the history and meaning of a South Indian god
70:
57:
305:
176:
470:
374:
271:
184:
133:
713:
Tourist guide to Tamil Nadu : the wonderland of towering temples
393:
263:
90:
Dutch Withdrawal and attempt to take away the idol of the main deity
661:
285:. Soon after this the company factory was plundered and destroyed.
592:. British India: Superintendent Government Printing. pp. 36–8
386:
348:
However, according to Dutch records, the idol was carried away to
282:
259:
240:
188:
150:
385:
In February 1651, the idols were sent to Kayalpatnam, aboard the
179:
District, India, is considered to be one of the 6 abodes of the
245:
The primary Dutch and Portuguese settlements in Asia, 1665AD
208:
discovering the sea route from Europe to India, through the
471:"History of Śrī Subrahmanya Swami Devasthanam, Tiruchendur"
534:"European Traders in India during 17th and 18th Centuries"
373:). In April 1650, a vessel from Killakkarai was sent to
687:"Arulmigu Subramaniya Swamy Temple – Historical Event"
314:
A Description, Historical and Geographical, of India
171:The Tiruchendur Murugan Temple (properly known as
614:Tiruchendur: The Sea-shore Temple of Subrahmanyam
755:Military history of the Dutch East India Company
293:In February 1649, the Dutch governor of Ceylon,
560:The Portuguese seaborne empire : 1415–1825
18:
666:Śrī Subrahmanya Swami Devasthanam, Tiruchendur
475:Śrī Subrahmanya Swami Devasthanam, Tiruchendur
274:attacked the Dutch Settlement of Kayalpatnam.
167:Arulmigu Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Tiruchendur
586:Indian Historical Records Commission (1940).
8:
407:and Vadamalaiyappa Pillai the governor of
19:Dutch Occupation of the Tiruchendur Temple
15:
493:
491:
173:Tiruchendur Arulmigu Senthilnathar Temple
716:. Chennai: Sura Maps. 2010. p. 64.
562:. New York: Alfred A Knopf. p. 24.
419:
589:Proceedings of the Session, Volume XVI
581:
579:
431:
429:
427:
425:
423:
558:Boxer, Charles Ralph (January 1969).
532:Aggarwal, Mamta (23 September 2013).
7:
617:. Addison Press. pp. 19, 46, 47
639:Gazetteer of South India, Volume II
504:. The Hague: Mouton. p. 229.
231:Dutch–Portuguese Conflict in India
14:
691:Arulmigu Subramaniya Swamy Temple
611:Pillai, J M Somasundaram (1948).
289:Occupation of Tiruchendur Temple
118:
105:
24:
1:
125:Portuguese East India Company
776:
234:
219:
164:
30:Tiruchendur Murugan Temple
662:"Dutch adventure of 1648"
98:
34:
23:
498:Clothey, Fred W (1978).
222:Dutch East India Company
216:Dutch East India Company
200:Indian Trade with Europe
142:Dutch East India company
113:Dutch East India Company
71:8.4958365°N 78.129301°E
246:
436:Vink, Markus (2015).
379:Jacob van Kittensteyn
244:
760:Dutch–Portuguese War
237:Dutch–Portuguese War
140:was occupied by the
76:8.4958365; 78.129301
67: /
538:History Discussion
367:Raja of Travancore
247:
161:Tiruchendur Temple
405:Thirumala Naikaar
358:Bijapur Sultanate
210:Cape of Good Hope
175:) located in the
130:
129:
94:
93:
767:
735:
734:
732:
730:
708:
702:
701:
699:
697:
683:
677:
676:
674:
672:
658:
652:
651:
649:
647:
633:
627:
626:
624:
622:
608:
602:
601:
599:
597:
583:
574:
573:
555:
549:
548:
546:
544:
529:
523:
522:
520:
518:
495:
486:
485:
483:
481:
467:
461:
460:
458:
456:
433:
299:Thirumalai Nayak
295:Joan Maetsuycker
123:
122:
121:
111:
109:
108:
82:
81:
79:
78:
77:
72:
68:
65:
64:
63:
60:
36:
35:
28:
16:
775:
774:
770:
769:
768:
766:
765:
764:
740:
739:
738:
728:
726:
724:
710:
709:
705:
695:
693:
685:
684:
680:
670:
668:
660:
659:
655:
645:
643:
635:
634:
630:
620:
618:
610:
609:
605:
595:
593:
585:
584:
577:
570:
557:
556:
552:
542:
540:
531:
530:
526:
516:
514:
512:
497:
496:
489:
479:
477:
469:
468:
464:
454:
452:
450:
435:
434:
421:
417:
346:
322:
291:
252:
239:
233:
224:
218:
202:
169:
163:
119:
117:
106:
104:
75:
73:
69:
66:
61:
58:
56:
54:
53:
52:
29:
12:
11:
5:
773:
771:
763:
762:
757:
752:
750:Colonial India
742:
741:
737:
736:
723:978-8174781772
722:
703:
678:
653:
628:
603:
575:
568:
550:
524:
510:
487:
462:
449:978-9004272620
448:
418:
416:
413:
345:
342:
321:
318:
290:
287:
251:
248:
235:Main article:
232:
229:
220:Main article:
217:
214:
201:
198:
165:Main article:
162:
159:
128:
127:
115:
101:
100:
96:
95:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
50:
48:
44:
43:
40:
32:
31:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
772:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
745:
725:
719:
715:
714:
707:
704:
692:
688:
682:
679:
667:
663:
657:
654:
642:. p. 291
641:
640:
632:
629:
616:
615:
607:
604:
591:
590:
582:
580:
576:
571:
565:
561:
554:
551:
539:
535:
528:
525:
513:
507:
503:
502:
494:
492:
488:
476:
472:
466:
463:
451:
445:
441:
440:
432:
430:
428:
426:
424:
420:
414:
412:
410:
406:
400:
398:
395:
391:
388:
383:
380:
376:
372:
368:
362:
359:
353:
351:
344:Idol Recovery
343:
341:
340:
334:
332:
328:
320:Local legends
319:
317:
315:
309:
307:
302:
300:
296:
288:
286:
284:
280:
275:
273:
267:
265:
261:
257:
256:Kayalpattanam
250:Kayalpattanam
249:
243:
238:
230:
228:
223:
215:
213:
211:
207:
206:Vasco da Gama
199:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
168:
160:
158:
156:
152:
148:
143:
139:
135:
126:
116:
114:
103:
102:
97:
89:
86:
85:
80:
49:
46:
45:
41:
38:
37:
33:
27:
22:
17:
727:. Retrieved
712:
706:
694:. Retrieved
690:
681:
669:. Retrieved
665:
656:
644:. Retrieved
638:
631:
619:. Retrieved
613:
606:
594:. Retrieved
588:
559:
553:
541:. Retrieved
537:
527:
515:. Retrieved
500:
478:. Retrieved
474:
465:
453:. Retrieved
438:
401:
396:
389:
384:
363:
354:
350:Dutch Ceylon
347:
335:
323:
313:
310:
303:
292:
278:
276:
268:
253:
225:
203:
172:
170:
155:Dutch Ceylon
131:
99:Belligerents
409:Tirunelveli
371:Rameshwaram
339:Palamcottah
331:Tiruchendur
327:Tirunelveli
187:the son of
138:Tiruchendur
74: /
51:Tiruchendur
744:Categories
569:0394441028
511:9027976325
415:References
136:temple at
62:78°07′45″E
442:. BRILL.
306:Tuticorin
177:Tuticorin
59:8°29′45″N
42:1646-1648
397:Hazewind
392:and the
47:Location
375:Negombo
272:Paravas
185:Murugan
134:Murugan
729:8 July
720:
696:8 July
671:8 July
646:8 July
621:8 July
596:8 July
566:
543:8 July
517:8 July
508:
480:8 July
455:8 July
446:
394:galiot
264:Ceylon
193:Cankam
110:
87:Result
387:fluyt
283:Galle
279:Lilli
260:Galle
204:With
189:Shiva
181:Tamil
151:Galle
731:2016
718:ISBN
698:2016
673:2016
648:2016
623:2016
598:2016
564:ISBN
545:2016
519:2016
506:ISBN
482:2016
457:2016
444:ISBN
390:Post
183:God
147:Naik
132:The
39:Date
281:to
746::
689:.
664:.
578:^
536:.
490:^
473:.
422:^
333:.
266:.
262:,
153:,
733:.
700:.
675:.
650:.
625:.
600:.
572:.
547:.
521:.
484:.
459:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
