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represented by logic 1 and logic 0. Logic 1 stands for presence of an electric pulse and 0 for absence of an electric pulse. For example, a signal (10101010) has 50% duty cycle, because the pulse remains high for 1/2 of the period or low for 1/2 of the period. Similarly, for pulse (10001000) the duty cycle will be 25% because the pulse remains high only for 1/4 of the period and remains low for 3/4 of the period. Electrical motors typically use less than a 100% duty cycle. For example, if a
439:, is another term for the same concept, to describe the temporal relationship between two alternating periods of a waveform. However, whereas the duty cycle relates the duration of one period to the duration of the entire cycle, the mark-space ratio relates the durations of the two individual periods:
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In electronics, duty cycle is the percentage of the ratio of pulse duration, or pulse width (PW) to the total period (T) of the waveform. It is generally used to represent time duration of a pulse when it is high (1). In digital electronics, signals are used in rectangular waveform which are
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is the total period of the signal. Thus, a 60% duty cycle means the signal is on 60% of the time but off 40% of the time. The "on time" for a 60% duty cycle could be a fraction of a second, a day, or even a week, depending on the length of the period.
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in which a signal or system is active. Duty cycle is commonly expressed as a percentage or a ratio. A period is the time it takes for a signal to complete an on-and-off
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reduction in the 3rd harmonic corresponds to setting the duty factor to 1/3 with a precision of 1% and -60 dB reduction corresponds to a precision of 0.1%.
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In the printer / copier industry, the duty cycle specification refers to the rated throughput (that is, printed pages) of a device per month.
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Harris-Warrick, Ronald; Nagy, Frédéric; Nusbaum, Michael (1992). Harris-Warrick, Ronald; Marder, Eve; Silverston, Alan; et al. (eds.).
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Duty cycles can be used to describe the percent time of an active signal in an electrical device such as the power switch in a
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for example, a duty cycle specifically refers to the proportion of a cycle period in which a neuron remains active.
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is significantly suppressed. For audio-band signals, this can even be done "by ear"; for example, a -40
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runs for one out of 100 seconds, or 1/100 of the time, then, its duty cycle is 1/100, or 1 percent.
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As a ratio, duty cycle is unitless and may be given as decimal fraction and percentage alike.
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vary the duty cycle of their audio-frequency oscillators to obtain a subtle effect on the
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Practical
Switching Power Supply Design (Motorola Series in Solid State Electronics)
494:{\displaystyle {\text{mark-space ratio}}={\frac {PW_{\text{on}}}{PW_{\text{off}}}}}
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Federal
Standard 1037C, "Telecommunications: Glossary of Telecommunication Terms"
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The concept of duty cycles is also used to describe the activity of neurons and
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Cox, James F.; Chartrand, Leo (June 26, 2001). "Nonsinusoidal oscillators".
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is defined as the ratio between the pulse duration, or pulse width (
641:. Boulder, Colorado: Institute for Telecommunication Sciences. 1996
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Barrett, Steven Frank; Pack, Daniel J. (2006). "Timing subsystem".
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Dynamic biological networks: the stomatogastric nervous system
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Brown, Martin (1990). "How a switching power supply works".
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Fundamentals of Linear
Electronics: Integrated and Discrete
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861:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 109.
366:. This technique is known as pulse-width modulation.
122:. As a formula, a duty cycle (%) may be expressed as:
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613:(2 ed.). Cengage Learning. pp. 511–584.
585:. Morgan and Claypool Publishers. pp. 51–64.
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664:. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. pp. 5–8.
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165:{\displaystyle D={\frac {PW}{T}}\times 100\%}
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102:Spectrum in relation to duty cycle
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744:. Elsevier Science. p. 225.
209:{\displaystyle D={\frac {PW}{T}}}
742:Modern Dictionary of Electronics
557:{\displaystyle PW_{\text{off}}}
719:. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
527:{\displaystyle PW_{\text{on}}}
327:An alternative term in use is
321:as the symbol for duty cycle.
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915:Timing in electronic circuits
859:Signals, Sound, and Sensation
294:by a living system such as a
857:William M. Hartmann (1997).
838:. ZENA, Inc. welding systems
883:"555 Timer Astable Circuit"
713:Singh, M. D. (2008-07-07).
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86:) of a rectangular waveform
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635:"Definition: duty cycle"
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904:Categories
799:2023-10-14
775:2023-10-14
568:References
396:Generation
108:duty cycle
842:March 23,
820:March 23,
309:α
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418:harmonic
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