696:
299:
153:
665:
3367:
3142:
676:
31:
3154:
464:, amongst others. In particular, an unprecedentedly large sample of ~ 100 UCDs has been found in the core region of the Virgo cluster by the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey team. The first ever relatively robust studies of the global properties of Virgo UCDs suggest that UCDs have distinct dynamical and structural properties from normal globular clusters. An extreme example of UCD is
3417:
3405:
67:, which closely orbits the Milky Way and contains over 30 billion stars, is sometimes classified as a dwarf galaxy; others consider it a full-fledged galaxy. Dwarf galaxies' formation and activity are thought to be heavily influenced by interactions with larger galaxies. Astronomers identify numerous types of dwarf galaxies, based on their shape and composition.
76:
3393:
224:
3429:
2136:
Sandoval, Michael A.; Vo, Richard P.; Romanowsky, Aaron J.; Strader, Jay; Choi, Jieun; Jennings, Zachary G.; Conroy, Charlie; Brodie, Jean P.; Foster, Caroline; Villaume, Alexa; Norris, Mark A.; Janz, Joachim; Forbes, Duncan A. (23 July 2015). "Hiding in Plain Sight: Record-breaking
Compact Stellar
443:
galaxies (UCD) are a class of very compact galaxies with very high stellar densities, discovered in the 2000s. They are thought to be on the order of 200 light years across, containing about 100 million stars. It is theorised that these are the cores of nucleated dwarf elliptical galaxies that have
2119:
What makes M60-UCD1 so remarkable is that about half of this mass is found within a radius of only about 80 light years. The density of stars is about 15,000 times greaterâmeaning the stars are about 25 times closer to each otherâthan in Earth's region of the
468:, about 54 million light years away, which contains approximately 200 million solar masses within a 160 light year radius; the stars in its central region are packed 25 times more densely than stars in Earth's region in the Milky Way.
2192:
Ahn, C. P.; Seth, A. C.; den Brok, M.; Strader, J.; Baumgardt, H.; van den Bosch, R.; Chilingarian, I.; Frank, M.; Hilker, M.; McDermid, R.; Mieske, S.; Romanowsky, A. J.; Spitler, L.; Brodie, J.; Neumayer, N.; Walsh, J. L. (2017).
1401:
Willman, Beth; Dalcanton, Julianne J.; Martinez-Delgado, David; West, Andrew A.; Blanton, Michael R.; Hogg, David W.; Barentine, J. C.; Brewington, Howard J.; Harvanek, Michael; Kleinman, S. J.; Krzesinski, Jurek (20 June 2005).
349:. The galaxies' stars are all formed at different time periods, so the galaxies have time to cool and to build up matter to form new stars. As time passes, this star formation changes the shape of the galaxies.
852:
1664:
Hilker, M.; Infante, L.; Vieira, G.; Kissler-Patig, M.; Richtler, T. (1999). "The central region of the Fornax cluster. II. Spectroscopy and radial velocities of member and background galaxies".
428:. Recent theoretical work has hypothesised the existence of a population of young UFDs that form at a much later time than the ancient UFDs. These galaxies have not been observed in our
1719:
Drinkwater, M. J.; Jones, J. B.; Gregg, M. D.; Phillipps, S. (2000). "Compact
Stellar Systems in the Fornax Cluster: Super-massive Star Clusters or Extremely Compact Dwarf Galaxies?".
1721:
695:
1467:
Willman, Beth; Blanton, Michael R.; West, Andrew A.; Dalcanton, Julianne J.; Hogg, David W.; Schneider, Donald P.; Wherry, Nicholas; Yanny, Brian; Brinkmann, Jon (June 2005).
342:. Because they are composed of star clusters, BCD galaxies lack a uniform shape. They consume gas intensely, which causes their stars to become very violent when forming.
918:
1862:
Mieske; Infante; Benitez; Coe; Blakeslee; Zekser; Ford; Broadhurst; et al. (2004). "Ultra
Compact Dwarf galaxies in Abell 1689: a photometric study with the ACS".
2964:
1802:
488:
of approximately â14.6. This makes M59-UCD3 the second densest known galaxy. Based on stellar orbital velocities, two UCD in the Virgo
Cluster are claimed to have
3011:
1941:
Zhang, Hong-Xin; et al. (March 2015). "The Next
Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. VI: The Kinematics of Ultracompact Dwarfs and Globular Clusters in M87".
1209:
LĂłpez-SĂĄnchez, Ă. R.; Koribalski, B.; van
Eymeren, J.; Esteban, C.; Popping, A.; Hibbard, J. (2010). "The environment of nearby Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies".
1996:
Liu, Chengze; et al. (November 2015). "The Next
Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. X: Properties of Ultracompact Dwarfs in The M87, M49 and M60 Regions".
2661:
860:
1271:
3192:
1025:
Noyola, E.; Gebhardt, K.; Bergmann, M. (2008). "Gemini and Hubble Space
Telescope Evidence for an Intermediate-Mass Black Hole in Ï Centauri".
1666:
184:
during the early evolutions of the Milky Way and
Andromeda. Tidal dwarf galaxies are produced when galaxies collide and their gravitational
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1187:
716:
602:
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More than 20 known dwarf galaxies orbit the Milky Way, and recent observations have also led astronomers to believe the largest
1917:
617:
1249:
420:, as all UFDs discovered so far are ancient systems that have likely formed very early on, only a few million years after the
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587:
3258:
2809:
2053:
401:
and are more extended. UFDs were first discovered with the advent of digital sky surveys in 2005, in particular with the
3383:
1799:
3185:
1299:
Meurer, G. R.; Mackie, G.; Carignan, C. (1994). "Optical observations of NGC 2915: A nearby blue compact dwarf galaxy".
2051:
Strader, Jay; Seth, Anil C.; Forbes, Duncan A.; Fabbiano, Giuseppina; et al. (August 2013). "The
Densest Galaxy".
3265:
3233:
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856:
3097:
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2139:
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485:
96:
772:
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2439:
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that surround them. A 2018 study suggests that some local dwarf galaxies formed extremely early, during the
137:
2560:
2459:
1272:"New insights to the photometric structure of Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies from deep Near-Infrared Studies"
1161:
1088:
890:
632:
552:
160:
is a dwarf irregular galaxy, featuring younger stars in its inner regions and older ones at its outskirts.
152:
64:
35:
397:(GCs) in appearance but have very different properties. Unlike GCs, UFDs contain a significant amount of
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2007:
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2330:
1806:
1534:"Pre-Reionization Fossils, Ultra-Faint Dwarfs, and the Missing Galactic Satellite Problem"
1183:
188:. Streams of galactic material are pulled away from the parent galaxies and the halos of
87:
One theory states that most galaxies, including dwarf galaxies, form in association with
2222:
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2021:
1966:
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128:
Because of their small size, dwarf galaxies have been observed being pulled toward and
2170:
3443:
3352:
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2577:
2429:
2424:
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133:
119:
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675:
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461:
425:
323:
30:
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1518:
1153:
1080:
798:
330:. These stars, the brightest of which are blue, cause the galaxy itself to appear
1469:"A New Milky Way Companion: Unusual Globular Cluster or Extreme Dwarf Satellite?"
3332:
3275:
3270:
3204:
3122:
2939:
2829:
2819:
2616:
2582:
2522:
2402:
2195:"Detection of Supermassive Black Holes in Two Virgo Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxies"
1774:
Smith, Deborah (29 May 2003). "Star search finds millions masquerading as one".
542:
537:
527:
522:
409:
398:
189:
165:
103:
99:
88:
2275:
2231:
2194:
1633:
1598:
3342:
2824:
2761:
882:
727:
457:
448:, travelling through the hearts of rich clusters. UCDs have been found in the
413:
212:
1785:
1642:
1575:
1510:
1445:
1379:
248:(dSph): Once a subtype of dwarf ellipticals, now regarded as a distinct type
2834:
2121:
1821:"Galaxies and Overmerging: What Does it Take to Destroy a Satellite Galaxy?"
973:
657:
622:
311:
169:
60:
39:
17:
747:
1697:
75:
1878:
1839:
1735:
1680:
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1420:
932:
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572:
567:
469:
465:
429:
421:
417:
390:
365:
361:
357:
353:
197:
111:
107:
80:
2323:
481:
223:
180:. A 2007 paper has suggested that many dwarf galaxies were created by
3218:
2671:
2656:
2386:
382:
168:; these small galaxies frequently orbit larger galaxies, such as the
115:
52:
1752:
3428:
2213:
2153:
2012:
1957:
1895:
1615:
1502:
1437:
1354:
1322:
1138:
1111:
1058:
3170:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2691:
2067:
1597:
Benitez-Llambay, Alejandro; Fumagalli, Michele (1 November 2021).
1550:
1225:
1110:
Schombert, J.M.; Pildis, R.A.; Eder, J.A.; Oelmer, A. Jr. (1995).
1041:
674:
663:
547:
297:
230:
is a galaxy known as an irregular blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxy.
222:
151:
74:
29:
215:
at its centre, which was at some time absorbed by the Milky Way.
3201:
386:
331:
327:
92:
56:
3174:
2359:
416:
believe that UFDs encode valuable information about the early
102:
identified new dwarf galaxies forming out of gases with low
719: â System for categorizing galaxies based on appearance
2355:
334:
in colour. Most BCD galaxies are also classified as dwarf
974:"New Recipe for Dwarf Galaxies: Start with Leftover Gas"
914:"Dwarf-spheroidal satellites: are they of tidal origin?"
853:"Pictures: New Proof Spiral Galaxies Eat, Digest Dwarfs"
824:"New Recipe For Dwarf Galaxies: Start With Leftover Gas"
385:
that contain from a few hundred to one hundred thousand
2109:. Phys.org (Omicron Technology Ltd). 24 September 2013
3381:
1722:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia
1184:"WISE Discovers Baby Galaxies in the Nearby Universe"
730: â Possible type of luminous blue compact galaxy
1819:
Stelios Kazantzidis; Ben Moore; Lucio Mayer (2004).
27:
Small galaxy composed of up to several billion stars
3325:
3289:
3211:
3035:
2950:
2843:
2802:
2712:
2647:
2538:
2393:
1532:Bovill, Mia S.; Ricotti, Massimo (10 March 2009).
1001:"Earliest galaxies found 'on our cosmic doorstep'"
472:is approximately the same size as M60-UCD1 with a
1599:"The Tail of Late-forming Dwarf Galaxies in ÎCDM"
1270:Noeske, K.; Papaderos, P.; Cairos, L. M. (2003).
919:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
2756:
2107:"Evidence for densest galaxy in nearby universe"
277:
773:"The Magellanic Clouds, our galactic neighbors"
211:, is in fact the core of a dwarf galaxy with a
2476:
492:weighing 13% and 18% of the galaxies' masses.
3186:
3012:List of the most distant astronomical objects
2371:
671:is located about 14 million light-years away.
91:, or from gas that contains metals. However,
55:composed of about 1000 up to several billion
8:
1800:Astronomers discover dozens of mini-galaxies
1404:"A New Milky Way Dwarf Galaxy in Ursa Major"
1342:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
444:been stripped of gas and outlying stars by
389:, making them the faintest galaxies in the
3193:
3179:
3171:
2378:
2364:
2356:
2137:Systems in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey".
1918:"The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey"
1154:"An intriguing young-looking dwarf galaxy"
2230:
2212:
2152:
2066:
2011:
1956:
1877:
1838:
1734:
1679:
1632:
1614:
1549:
1484:
1419:
1353:
1224:
1137:
1040:
949:
931:
322:) is a small galaxy which contains large
284:
196:within the first billion years after the
83:typically possess around a billion stars.
3388:
739:
691:
2351:SPACE.com article on "hobbit galaxies"
1667:Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement
164:There are many dwarf galaxies in the
106:. These galaxies were located in the
7:
345:BCD galaxies cool in the process of
1372:10.1146/annurev-astro-091918-104453
1336:Simon, Joshua D. (18 August 2019).
717:Galaxy morphological classification
603:Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
118:around two massive galaxies in the
3254:List of most massive star clusters
608:Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy
283:Ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (see
25:
1603:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
484:but is 40% more luminous with an
276:Blue compact dwarf galaxies (see
3427:
3415:
3403:
3391:
3366:
3365:
3152:
3141:
3140:
951:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11438.x
883:"Hubble Sizes up a Dwarf Galaxy"
851:Jaggard, V. (9 September 2010).
694:
999:Rincon, Paul (16 August 2018).
618:Sculptor Dwarf Irregular Galaxy
381:galaxies (UFDs) are a class of
3083:Galaxy formation and evolution
3078:Galaxy colorâmagnitude diagram
1809:0100 AEST Friday 2 April 2004.
588:Pegasus Dwarf Irregular Galaxy
63:'s 200â400 billion stars. The
1:
3259:List of largest star clusters
2054:Astrophysical Journal Letters
1798:Anglo-Australian Observatory
1338:"The Faintest Dwarf Galaxies"
1250:"Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies"
912:Metz, M.; Kroupa, P. (2007).
2339:article on "hobbit galaxies"
2324:Milky Way Satellite Galaxies
1568:10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1859
1248:Papaderos, P. (7 May 2010).
38:, a satellite galaxy of the
3266:Hypercompact stellar system
3234:Hypercompact stellar system
2965:Galaxies named after people
2171:10.1088/2041-8205/808/1/L32
1255:. Centro de AstrofĂsica da
857:National Geographic Society
292:Blue compact dwarf galaxies
3471:
3455:Galaxy morphological types
3098:Gravitational microlensing
3053:Galactic coordinate system
2085:10.1088/2041-8205/775/1/L6
2030:10.1088/0004-637X/812/1/34
1975:10.1088/0004-637X/802/1/30
412:-dominated systems known.
372:Ultra-faint dwarf galaxies
3361:
3136:
2255:"A stubborn dwarf galaxy"
2140:The Astrophysical Journal
1538:The Astrophysical Journal
1408:The Astrophysical Journal
1028:The Astrophysical Journal
486:absolute visual magnitude
316:blue compact dwarf galaxy
97:Galaxy Evolution Explorer
3063:Galactic magnetic fields
2876:Brightest cluster galaxy
2772:Luminous infrared galaxy
2329:19 February 2014 at the
2232:10.3847/1538-4357/aa6972
1865:The Astronomical Journal
1634:10.3847/2041-8213/ac3006
1473:The Astronomical Journal
1302:The Astronomical Journal
1117:The Astronomical Journal
723:List of nearest galaxies
628:Sextans Dwarf Spheroidal
508:Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy
490:supermassive black holes
424:and before the epoch of
403:Sloan Digital Sky Survey
352:Nearby examples include
3058:Galactic habitable zone
3043:Extragalactic astronomy
2632:Supermassive black hole
2546:Active galactic nucleus
2276:"A galaxy of deception"
1690:1999A&AS..134...75H
1364:2019ARA&A..57..375S
326:of young, hot, massive
246:Dwarf spheroidal galaxy
240:dwarf elliptical galaxy
2810:Low surface brightness
2561:Central massive object
2301:www.spacetelescope.org
803:www.spacetelescope.org
748:"The Milky Way Galaxy"
684:
672:
633:Small Magellanic Cloud
553:Large Magellanic Cloud
480:, of approximately 20
307:
272:Magellanic type dwarfs
256:dwarf irregular galaxy
231:
161:
84:
65:Large Magellanic Cloud
42:
36:Large Magellanic Cloud
3371:Category:Star systems
3244:Dark globular cluster
3088:Galaxy rotation curve
2344:28 March 2009 at the
2200:Astrophysical Journal
1999:Astrophysical Journal
1944:Astrophysical Journal
1826:ASP Conference Series
1805:27 April 2018 at the
1777:Sydney Morning Herald
1279:Göttingen Observatory
1257:Universidade do Porto
1212:ASP Conference Series
799:"An irregular island"
678:
667:
613:Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy
301:
226:
155:
78:
59:, as compared to the
33:
3123:Population III stars
3118:Intergalactic travel
3068:Galactic orientation
2935:Voids and supervoids
863:on 12 September 2010
752:www.messier.seds.org
436:Ultra-compact dwarfs
158:Phoenix Dwarf Galaxy
148:Local dwarf galaxies
79:Dwarf galaxies like
3302:Stellar association
3113:Intergalactic stars
3002:Large quasar groups
2997:Groups and clusters
2861:Groups and clusters
2720:Lyman-alpha emitter
2612:Interstellar medium
2223:2017ApJ...839...72A
2163:2015ApJ...808L..32S
2077:2013ApJ...775L...6S
2022:2015ApJ...812...34L
1967:2015ApJ...802...30Z
1888:2004AJ....128.1529M
1849:2004ASPC..327..155K
1745:2000PASA...17..227D
1698:10.1051/aas:1999434
1625:2021ApJ...921L...9B
1560:2009ApJ...693.1859B
1495:2005AJ....129.2692W
1430:2005ApJ...626L..85W
1315:1994AJ....107.2021M
1235:2010ASPC..421...65L
1130:1995AJ....110.2067S
1051:2008ApJ...676.1008N
942:2007MNRAS.376..387M
648:Ursa Major II Dwarf
441:Ultra-compact dwarf
340:lenticular galaxies
302:Blue compact dwarf
266:dwarf spiral galaxy
3317:Hypervelocity star
3108:Intergalactic dust
3093:Gravitational lens
3048:Galactic astronomy
3017:Starburst galaxies
2757:blue compact dwarf
2713:Energetic galaxies
2677:BL Lacertae object
1288:on 15 August 2011.
1190:. 2 September 2011
980:. 18 February 2009
832:. 19 February 2009
685:
673:
643:Ursa Major I Dwarf
446:tidal interactions
408:UFDs are the most
336:irregular galaxies
308:
232:
207:in the Milky Way,
162:
85:
43:
3379:
3378:
3168:
3167:
3128:Galaxy X (galaxy)
3103:Illustris project
3073:Galactic quadrant
2794:Wolf-Rayet galaxy
2784:Green bean galaxy
2779:Hot dust-obscured
2730:Luminous infrared
2494:Elliptical galaxy
2297:"Hubble's Legacy"
893:. 24 October 2011
779:. 8 December 2021
474:half-light radius
395:globular clusters
379:Ultra-faint dwarf
347:forming new stars
236:Elliptical galaxy
178:Triangulum Galaxy
16:(Redirected from
3462:
3432:
3431:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3387:
3369:
3368:
3281:Planetary system
3239:Globular cluster
3195:
3188:
3181:
3172:
3156:
3144:
3143:
2789:Hanny's Voorwerp
2699:Relativistic jet
2573:Dark matter halo
2380:
2373:
2366:
2357:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2293:
2287:
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2116:
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2103:
2097:
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2070:
2048:
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2041:
2015:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1960:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1922:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1881:
1879:astro-ph/0406613
1872:(4): 1529â1540.
1859:
1853:
1852:
1842:
1840:astro-ph/0307362
1816:
1810:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1738:
1736:astro-ph/0002003
1716:
1710:
1709:
1683:
1681:astro-ph/9807144
1661:
1655:
1654:
1636:
1618:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1553:
1544:(2): 1859â1870.
1529:
1523:
1522:
1488:
1486:astro-ph/0410416
1479:(6): 2692â2700.
1464:
1458:
1457:
1423:
1421:astro-ph/0503552
1398:
1392:
1391:
1357:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1309:(6): 2021â2035.
1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1281:. Archived from
1276:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1228:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1044:
1035:(2): 1008â1015.
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
996:
990:
989:
987:
985:
970:
964:
963:
953:
935:
933:astro-ph/0701289
909:
903:
902:
900:
898:
879:
873:
872:
870:
868:
859:. Archived from
848:
842:
841:
839:
837:
820:
814:
813:
811:
809:
795:
789:
788:
786:
784:
769:
763:
762:
760:
758:
744:
705:taken by Hubble.
698:
653:Ursa Minor Dwarf
393:. UFDs resemble
252:Irregular galaxy
205:globular cluster
174:Andromeda Galaxy
132:by neighbouring
21:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3404:
3402:
3392:
3390:
3382:
3380:
3375:
3357:
3326:Visual grouping
3321:
3285:
3207:
3199:
3169:
3164:
3132:
3031:
2946:
2839:
2798:
2708:
2643:
2622:Galaxy filament
2566:Galactic Center
2534:
2389:
2384:
2346:Wayback Machine
2331:Wayback Machine
2320:
2315:
2305:
2303:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2050:
2049:
2045:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1807:Wayback Machine
1797:
1793:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1753:10.1071/AS00034
1718:
1717:
1713:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1164:. 16 March 2015
1152:
1151:
1147:
1112:"Dwarf Spirals"
1109:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1009:
1007:
998:
997:
993:
983:
981:
972:
971:
967:
911:
910:
906:
896:
894:
881:
880:
876:
866:
864:
850:
849:
845:
835:
833:
822:
821:
817:
807:
805:
797:
796:
792:
782:
780:
771:
770:
766:
756:
754:
746:
745:
741:
737:
713:
706:
699:
690:
662:
498:
479:
438:
374:
294:
221:
186:masses interact
150:
140:and eventually
138:stellar streams
136:, resulting in
134:spiral galaxies
73:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3468:
3466:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3450:Dwarf galaxies
3442:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3424:
3412:
3400:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3297:Stellar stream
3293:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3226:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3208:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3175:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3150:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2956:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2920:Stellar stream
2917:
2912:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2858:
2853:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2727:
2722:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2653:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2607:Galactic ridge
2604:
2602:Galactic plane
2599:
2598:
2597:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2333:
2319:
2318:External links
2316:
2314:
2313:
2288:
2267:
2246:
2184:
2128:
2098:
2043:
1988:
1933:
1909:
1896:10.1086/423701
1854:
1811:
1791:
1766:
1729:(3): 227â233.
1711:
1656:
1589:
1524:
1503:10.1086/430214
1459:
1438:10.1086/431760
1414:(2): L85âL88.
1393:
1348:(1): 375â415.
1328:
1323:10.1086/117013
1291:
1262:
1240:
1201:
1175:
1145:
1139:10.1086/117669
1102:
1091:. 15 June 2015
1072:
1059:10.1086/529002
1017:
991:
965:
926:(1): 387â392.
904:
874:
843:
815:
790:
764:
738:
736:
733:
732:
731:
725:
720:
712:
709:
708:
707:
700:
693:
689:
686:
661:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
518:Crater 2 dwarf
515:
510:
505:
503:Aquarius Dwarf
499:
497:
494:
477:
454:Fornax Cluster
437:
434:
373:
370:
293:
290:
289:
288:
281:
274:
269:
259:
249:
243:
220:
217:
209:Omega Centauri
182:galactic tides
149:
146:
72:
69:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3467:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3423:
3413:
3411:
3401:
3399:
3389:
3385:
3372:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3354:
3353:Constellation
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:Multiple star
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3196:
3191:
3189:
3184:
3182:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3022:Superclusters
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2925:Superclusters
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2856:Galactic tide
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2815:Ultra diffuse
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2649:Active nuclei
2646:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2376:
2374:
2369:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2302:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2256:
2250:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2047:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1992:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1937:
1934:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1858:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1780:. p. 5.
1779:
1778:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1715:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1660:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1295:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1263:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1205:
1202:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1124:: 2067â2074.
1123:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1106:
1103:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1021:
1018:
1006:
1002:
995:
992:
979:
975:
969:
966:
961:
957:
952:
947:
943:
939:
934:
929:
925:
921:
920:
915:
908:
905:
892:
888:
884:
878:
875:
862:
858:
854:
847:
844:
831:
830:
829:Science Daily
825:
819:
816:
804:
800:
794:
791:
778:
774:
768:
765:
753:
749:
743:
740:
734:
729:
726:
724:
721:
718:
715:
714:
710:
704:
701:Dwarf galaxy
697:
692:
687:
682:
679:Dwarf galaxy
677:
670:
666:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
598:Phoenix Dwarf
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
495:
493:
491:
487:
483:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:Virgo Cluster
447:
442:
435:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
348:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
305:
300:
296:
291:
286:
285:section below
282:
279:
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262:Spiral galaxy
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142:galaxy merger
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120:constellation
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110:, a cloud of
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3410:Solar System
3312:Runaway star
3307:Moving group
3249:Open cluster
3229:Star cluster
3224:Dwarf galaxy
3223:
3158:
3146:
2881:fossil group
2803:Low activity
2637:Ultramassive
2467:Dwarf galaxy
2466:
2450:intermediate
2445:grand design
2336:
2304:. Retrieved
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2291:
2281:29 September
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978:Newswise.com
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861:the original
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781:. Retrieved
777:earthsky.org
776:
767:
755:. Retrieved
751:
742:
638:Tucana Dwarf
533:Fornax Dwarf
513:Carina Dwarf
496:Partial list
462:Coma Cluster
440:
439:
426:reionization
407:
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338:or as dwarf
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219:Common types
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18:Dwarf Galaxy
3422:Spaceflight
3398:Outer space
3333:Double star
3276:Binary star
3271:Star system
2940:void galaxy
2903:cannibalism
2888:Interacting
2844:Interaction
2830:Blue Nugget
2820:Dark galaxy
2725:Lyman-break
2617:Protogalaxy
2583:Disc galaxy
2306:2 September
1194:3 September
1081:"True blue"
984:20 February
867:11 February
669:LEDA 677373
543:I Zwicky 18
538:Henize 2-10
528:Eridanus II
523:Draco Dwarf
414:Astronomers
410:dark matter
399:dark matter
190:dark matter
166:Local Group
104:metallicity
100:space probe
89:dark matter
51:is a small
3444:Categories
3343:Star cloud
2980:Polar-ring
2825:Red nugget
2767:faint blue
2627:Spiral arm
2482:spheroidal
2472:elliptical
2455:Magellanic
2440:flocculent
2408:Lenticular
2395:Morphology
2214:1703.09221
2154:1506.08828
2147:(1): L32.
2013:1508.07334
1958:1501.03167
1616:2110.08279
1355:1901.05465
897:25 October
735:References
728:Pea galaxy
460:, and the
458:Abell 1689
320:BCD galaxy
213:black hole
2915:Satellite
2910:Jellyfish
2898:collision
2835:Dead disk
2752:Starburst
2667:Markarian
2539:Structure
2506:Irregular
2477:irregular
2207:(2): 72.
2122:Milky Way
2068:1307.7707
2061:(1): L6.
2006:(1): 34.
1951:(1): 30.
1926:20 August
1786:0312-6315
1674:: 75â86.
1651:239016084
1643:2041-8205
1609:(1): L9.
1576:0004-637X
1551:0806.2340
1511:0004-6256
1446:0004-637X
1388:119384790
1380:0066-4146
1226:0909.5500
1067:208867075
1042:0801.2782
1010:17 August
808:25 August
658:Willman 1
623:Sextans A
312:astronomy
304:PGC 51017
228:UGC 11411
194:Dark Ages
170:Milky Way
71:Formation
61:Milky Way
40:Milky Way
3348:Asterism
3147:Category
3036:See also
2960:Galaxies
2687:X-shaped
2518:Peculiar
2460:unbarred
2418:unbarred
2387:Galaxies
2342:Archived
2327:Archived
2241:55131811
2179:55254708
2093:52207639
2038:35610312
1983:73517961
1904:15575071
1803:Archived
1761:13161406
1706:17710039
1584:14543154
1454:14851943
1168:21 March
1005:BBC News
960:16426005
711:See also
593:PHL 293B
583:NGC 3353
578:NGC 2915
573:NGC 1705
568:NGC 1569
470:M59-UCD3
466:M60-UCD1
432:so far.
430:Universe
422:Big Bang
418:Universe
405:(SDSS).
391:Universe
383:galaxies
366:UGCA 281
362:NGC 3353
358:NGC 2915
354:NGC 1705
324:clusters
198:Big Bang
176:and the
112:hydrogen
108:Leo Ring
81:NGC 5264
3384:Portals
3290:Unbound
3205:systems
3202:Stellar
3007:Quasars
2975:Nearest
2970:Largest
2871:cluster
2704:Seyfert
2337:Science
2219:Bibcode
2159:Bibcode
2124:galaxy.
2073:Bibcode
2018:Bibcode
1963:Bibcode
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1126:Bibcode
1095:15 June
1047:Bibcode
938:Bibcode
836:29 July
783:22 June
757:22 June
703:UGC 685
688:Gallery
482:parsecs
3219:Galaxy
3159:Portal
2990:Spiral
2893:merger
2672:Quasar
2657:Blazar
2595:corona
2511:barred
2487:spiral
2435:barred
2430:anemic
2425:Spiral
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1089:Hubble
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891:Hubble
681:DDO 68
563:Leo II
258:(dIrr)
172:, the
130:ripped
116:helium
53:galaxy
3434:Stars
3212:Bound
3027:Voids
2952:Lists
2930:Walls
2866:group
2851:Field
2745:ELIRG
2740:HLIRG
2735:ULIRG
2692:DRAGN
2682:Radio
2662:LINER
2556:Bulge
2528:Polar
2237:S2CID
2209:arXiv
2175:S2CID
2149:arXiv
2089:S2CID
2063:arXiv
2034:S2CID
2008:arXiv
1979:S2CID
1953:arXiv
1921:(PDF)
1900:S2CID
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1286:(PDF)
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1221:arXiv
1063:S2CID
1037:arXiv
956:S2CID
928:arXiv
558:Leo I
548:IC 10
387:stars
328:stars
268:(dS)
57:stars
2985:Ring
2590:Halo
2578:Disc
2523:Ring
2403:Disc
2308:2019
2283:2014
2262:2016
2115:2013
1928:2023
1782:ISSN
1639:ISSN
1572:ISSN
1507:ISSN
1442:ISSN
1376:ISSN
1196:2011
1188:WISE
1170:2015
1097:2015
1012:2018
986:2009
899:2011
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838:2015
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785:2023
759:2023
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332:blue
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242:(dE)
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