22:
242:
developed an extension for DDE called NetDDE that could be used to initiate and maintain the network connections needed for DDE conversations between DDE-aware applications running on different computers in a network and transparently exchange data. A DDE conversation is an interaction between client
197:
was known to DDE by its "application" name. Each application could further organize information by groups known as "topic" and each topic could serve up individual pieces of data as an "item". For example, if a user wanted to pull a value from
Microsoft Excel which was contained in a spreadsheet
198:
called "Book1.xls" in the cell in the first row and first column, the application would be "Excel", the topic "Book1.xls" and the item "r1c1". Internal changes in the cell due to Excel actions would then be signaled (in reverse) to the calling application via additional message broadcasts.
170:(Remote Procedure Call). At the time, the only method for communication between the operating system and client applications was the "Windows Messaging Layer." DDE extended this protocol to allow peer-to-peer communication among client applications, via message broadcasts.
222:
object model, which is the recommended method for communicating with Excel. The technique is, however, still in use, particularly for distribution of financial data. Because DDE does not require more operating system components than a conventional
Windows
184:
Moreover, any code managing a window handle can respond to a DDE broadcast; the initiator of DDE must distinguish between expected and unexpected responses. DDE interlocutors usually express what information they seek in terms of hierarchical
543:
1410:
206:
The common use of DDE is for custom-developed applications to control off-the-shelf software. For example, a custom in-house application might use DDE to open a
167:
142:. DDE allows programs to manipulate objects provided by other programs, and respond to user actions affecting those objects. DDE was partially superseded by
1415:
944:
210:
spreadsheet and fill it with data, by opening a DDE conversation with Excel and sending it DDE commands. This feature has mainly been superseded by the
534:
903:
617:
1282:
1133:
893:
39:
410:
918:
908:
883:
433:
391:
1405:
1027:
1186:
1078:
1050:
977:
653:
360:
1277:
1254:
105:
86:
58:
1315:
1229:
949:
803:
340:. However, this will not prevent existing versions of NetDDE from being installed and functioning on later versions of Windows.
1239:
612:
582:
1331:
1272:
992:
65:
43:
1143:
228:
1267:
1138:
1128:
1116:
527:
143:
72:
1379:
1292:
1244:
454:
243:
and server applications. NetDDE could be used along with DDE and the DDE management library (DDEML) in applications.
1121:
888:
855:
689:
305:. In addition, Wonderware also sold an enhanced version of NetDDE to their own customers that included support for
163:
131:
54:
32:
1111:
913:
830:
607:
602:
577:
1088:
876:
840:
178:
1374:
1359:
1336:
1083:
1073:
1007:
520:
1040:
1035:
1017:
987:
845:
557:
354:
298:
211:
147:
1224:
1219:
772:
684:
587:
173:
Because DDE runs via message broadcasts, it is vulnerable to any window-management code that does not
1106:
808:
757:
658:
597:
174:
1181:
1164:
1065:
972:
711:
329:
79:
465:
441:
418:
752:
592:
395:
190:
186:
1364:
1234:
1176:
1002:
782:
736:
135:
835:
721:
371:
322:
716:
480:
314:
207:
194:
502:
497:
1196:
1055:
777:
648:
366:
294:
219:
1399:
1310:
1300:
1214:
1098:
967:
898:
731:
726:
337:
336:
Service Pack 2, although it was disabled by default. It has been removed entirely in
166:
so that one program could communicate with or control another program, somewhat like
1369:
1012:
318:
214:
suite of technologies. Microsoft has not used DDE internally since the release of
177:. This problem was not considered during the design of DDE, because DDE predates
1354:
1262:
997:
701:
643:
638:
512:
159:
21:
297:
only) version of the product for inclusion in various versions of
Windows from
982:
923:
787:
706:
333:
302:
239:
215:
1384:
119:
146:(OLE), and is currently maintained in Windows systems only for the sake of
227:
program, it is also a alternative for programs seeking to minimize their
767:
567:
562:
1209:
1204:
1169:
1045:
871:
813:
762:
679:
663:
349:
158:
Dynamic Data
Exchange was first introduced in 1987 with the release of
823:
696:
507:
306:
850:
310:
508:
Clojure
Bindings for DDE, for use in Clojure or Java Applications
939:
818:
622:
572:
139:
516:
1148:
224:
15:
455:
Joel
Spolsky - comment on Fog Creek Software discussion forum
411:"Why are there broadcast-based mechanisms in Windows?"
1345:
1324:
1291:
1253:
1195:
1157:
1097:
1064:
1026:
958:
932:
864:
796:
745:
672:
631:
550:
313:field. Basic Windows applications using NetDDE are
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
218:. For example, Excel now exposes an extensive
202:Relationship to modern automation technologies
528:
8:
1411:Microsoft application programming interfaces
309:. The technology is extensively used in the
1187:Security Support Provider Interface (SSPI)
535:
521:
513:
466:NetDDE has been removed in Windows Vista.
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
618:Windows Advanced Rasterization Platform
498:MSDN: About Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE)
383:
613:DirectX Graphics Infrastructure (DXGI)
7:
434:"Please feel free to stop using DDE"
44:adding citations to reliable sources
1416:Windows communication and services
1079:Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC)
1051:Distributed Component Object Model
361:Distributed Component Object Model
14:
284:(Network DDE - DDE Communication)
20:
328:NetDDE was still included with
275:(Network DDE NetBIOS Interface)
31:needs additional citations for
1089:Windows Template Library (WTL)
1:
1084:Active Template Library (ATL)
804:Data Access Components (MDAC)
544:Microsoft APIs and frameworks
483:. "Dynamic Data Exchange" in
432:Chen, Raymond (26 Feb 2007).
409:Chen, Raymond (27 Jun 2005).
392:"Net DDE to DOT NET Remoting"
394:. 2006-01-12. Archived from
293:Microsoft licensed a basic (
144:Object Linking and Embedding
1406:Inter-process communication
1380:Multilingual User Interface
1306:Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE)
1432:
485:Programming for Windows 95
164:interprocess communication
134:used in early versions of
132:interprocess communication
831:Extensible Storage Engine
608:Windows Imaging Component
603:Windows Image Acquisition
288:The NetDDE library files
278:
269:
260:
251:
179:pre-emptive multitasking
154:History and architecture
1375:Language Interface Pack
1360:Text Services Framework
1074:Framework Class Library
55:"Dynamic Data Exchange"
1018:Common Log File System
846:Access Database Engine
558:Desktop Window Manager
355:Component Object Model
299:Windows for Workgroups
212:Component Object Model
189:keys. For example, a
181:in Microsoft Windows.
148:backward compatibility
130:) is a technology for
1346:Text and multilingual
266:(NDDEAPI Server Side)
124:Dynamic Data Exchange
1332:Active Accessibility
598:Windows Color System
40:improve this article
1370:Input method editor
1182:Data Protection API
973:Windows Script Host
712:Image Mastering API
330:Windows Server 2003
257:(DDE Share Manager)
1268:Enterprise Library
1255:Software factories
959:Administration and
889:Filtering Platform
690:Video Acceleration
487:. Microsoft Press.
1393:
1392:
1365:Text Object Model
1177:Windows CardSpace
1003:Windows Installer
737:Video for Windows
438:The Old New Thing
415:The Old New Thing
249:/Windows/SYSTEM32
136:Microsoft Windows
116:
115:
108:
90:
1423:
978:WMI (extensions)
836:Entity Framework
722:Media Foundation
573:D3D (extensions)
537:
530:
523:
514:
468:
463:
457:
452:
446:
445:
440:. Archived from
429:
423:
422:
417:. Archived from
406:
400:
399:
388:
372:Observer pattern
323:Microsoft Hearts
286:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1347:
1341:
1320:
1287:
1249:
1191:
1153:
1093:
1060:
1028:Component model
1022:
1008:Error Reporting
960:
954:
928:
860:
792:
783:SideBar Gadgets
741:
717:Managed DirectX
668:
627:
551:Graphics and UI
546:
541:
494:
481:Charles Petzold
477:
472:
471:
464:
460:
453:
449:
444:on 15 Mar 2019.
431:
430:
426:
421:on 16 Dec 2009.
408:
407:
403:
390:
389:
385:
380:
346:
315:Clipbook Viewer
291:
290:
287:
277:
268:
259:
250:
248:
237:
208:Microsoft Excel
204:
195:Microsoft Excel
162:as a method of
156:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
1429:
1427:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1398:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1109:
1103:
1101:
1099:Device drivers
1095:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1056:.NET Framework
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
988:Task Scheduler
985:
980:
975:
970:
964:
962:
956:
955:
953:
952:
947:
942:
936:
934:
930:
929:
927:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
884:Winsock Kernel
881:
880:
879:
868:
866:
862:
861:
859:
858:
853:
848:
843:
841:Sync Framework
838:
833:
828:
827:
826:
821:
816:
811:
800:
798:
794:
793:
791:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
749:
747:
743:
742:
740:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
693:
692:
687:
676:
674:
670:
669:
667:
666:
661:
656:
651:
649:DirectX plugin
646:
641:
635:
633:
629:
628:
626:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
554:
552:
548:
547:
542:
540:
539:
532:
525:
517:
511:
510:
505:
500:
493:
492:External links
490:
489:
488:
476:
473:
470:
469:
458:
447:
424:
401:
398:on 2010-11-11.
382:
381:
379:
376:
375:
374:
369:
367:Microsoft .NET
364:
358:
352:
345:
342:
295:NetBIOS Frames
246:
245:
236:
233:
220:OLE Automation
203:
200:
155:
152:
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1428:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1337:UI Automation
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:Accessibility
1323:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
993:Offline Files
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
968:Win32 console
966:
965:
963:
957:
951:
948:
946:
945:Telephony API
943:
941:
940:Messaging API
938:
937:
935:
933:Communication
931:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
899:Windows Rally
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
878:
875:
874:
873:
870:
869:
867:
863:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
806:
805:
802:
801:
799:
795:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
750:
748:
744:
738:
735:
733:
732:Windows Media
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
691:
688:
686:
685:Media Objects
683:
682:
681:
678:
677:
675:
671:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
636:
634:
630:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
555:
553:
549:
545:
538:
533:
531:
526:
524:
519:
518:
515:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
491:
486:
482:
479:
478:
474:
467:
462:
459:
456:
451:
448:
443:
439:
435:
428:
425:
420:
416:
412:
405:
402:
397:
393:
387:
384:
377:
373:
370:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
351:
348:
347:
343:
341:
339:
338:Windows Vista
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
289:
285:
281:
276:
272:
267:
263:
258:
254:
244:
241:
234:
232:
230:
226:
221:
217:
213:
209:
201:
199:
196:
192:
188:
182:
180:
176:
175:pump messages
171:
169:
165:
161:
153:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1305:
1273:Composite UI
758:RSS Platform
484:
461:
450:
442:the original
437:
427:
419:the original
414:
404:
396:the original
386:
327:
292:
283:
279:
274:
270:
265:
261:
256:
252:
247:
238:
229:dependencies
205:
183:
172:
157:
127:
123:
117:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1355:DirectWrite
1263:EFx Factory
1220:Silverlight
998:Shadow Copy
797:Data access
702:DirectInput
644:DirectSound
639:DirectMusic
588:Silverlight
160:Windows 2.0
1400:Categories
1165:Crypto API
983:PowerShell
961:management
924:DirectPlay
865:Networking
788:TypeScript
707:DirectShow
673:Multimedia
659:Speech API
578:GDI / GDI+
378:References
334:Windows XP
303:Windows XP
240:Wonderware
216:Windows 95
66:newspapers
1385:Uniscribe
1066:Libraries
1013:Event Log
168:Sun's RPC
120:computing
96:July 2011
1311:Remoting
1215:Remoting
1158:Security
768:VBScript
568:Direct3D
563:Direct2D
344:See also
271:NDDENB32
262:NDDEAPIR
253:DDESHARE
1348:support
1210:ADO.NET
1205:ASP.NET
1170:CAPICOM
1046:ActiveX
909:P2P API
872:Winsock
814:ADO.NET
763:JScript
680:DirectX
664:XAudio2
475:Sources
350:ActiveX
319:WinChat
80:scholar
919:MS MPI
824:OLE DB
753:MSHTML
697:Xinput
503:NetDDE
363:(DCOM)
307:TCP/IP
280:NETDDE
235:NetDDE
187:string
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1301:MSRPC
851:MSXML
632:Audio
593:WinUI
357:(COM)
311:SCADA
282:.EXE
273:.DLL
264:.EXE
255:.EXE
87:JSTOR
73:books
1197:.NET
1134:NDIS
1129:WDDM
1122:UMDF
1117:KMDF
1041:COM+
914:MSMQ
904:BITS
894:NDIS
819:ODBC
654:XACT
623:WinG
332:and
321:and
231:.
191:cell
140:OS/2
138:and
59:news
1316:WCF
1293:IPC
1283:CSF
1278:CCF
1240:WPF
1235:WCS
1230:WCF
1225:TPL
1149:VxD
1144:BDA
1139:UAA
1112:WDF
1107:WDM
1036:COM
950:WCF
877:LSP
856:OPC
809:ADO
778:XDR
773:BHO
746:Web
727:XNA
583:WPF
301:to
225:GUI
193:in
128:DDE
118:In
42:by
1402::
1245:WF
436:.
413:.
325:.
317:,
150:.
122:,
536:e
529:t
522:v
126:(
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
