31:
119:
78:
170:
216:, one of the few methods to help manage blast fishing is a joint approach between fisheries officers and village committees. Working together, they help the enforcement agencies recognize offenders by patrolling the sea as well as providing information collected in the local villages. As a result, this has assisted the enforcement agencies to reduce the occurrence of fish blasting from an average of 8 per day to zero. It has also provided sustainable funding to continue the efficient patrols, a certified planning institution, and suitable training and information to prosecutors and judges.
253:
to the Jockey Club HSBC WWF Hong Kong Hoi Ha Marine Life Centre. Data from these units were used for discussions with the Marine Police and the
Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD). The emphasis for these discussions was placed on protection of the Marine Parks, the last Marine Park bombing occurred in Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park in October 1999. With the assistance of community programs from NGO's, education awareness from the AFCD and diligent patrols by the Marine Police Blast fishing was completely eradicated from Hong Kong waters in 2011.
244:. It has also been shown that effective MPAs have local stakeholders that have accurate perceptions of the environmental health of the region. When coastal residents believe that the ecosystem is healthier than indicators such as species diversity, population, and habitat distribution, they may be less likely to support the MPA. Due to this, effective blast fishing community control relies on education campaigns that bring awareness to the relationship between fish stock and fishing rates.
195:
are less likely to recover from constant disturbance such as blast fishing than from small disturbance that does not change the physical environment. Blast fishing destroys the calcium carbonate coral skeletons and is one of the continual disruptions of coral reefs. In the Indo-Pacific, the practice of blast fishing is the main cause of coral reef degradation. As a result, weakened rubble fields are formed and fish habitat is reduced.
2926:
2630:
330:, an estimated 10 to 40 percent of the fish are caught in this manner. The local fishermen find the technique to be easier and more productive than traditional methods. The goal for the country has been to implement stricter policies and fisheries management programs to limit the killing of the fish as well as the destruction of the marine ecosystem. Forty years ago, blast fishing was practiced with
2914:
354:, where fishers make their own homemade dynamite. According to the Safadi Foundation, a structure that develops sustainable projects in Lebanon, 5% of fishermen use dynamite fishing. “In Tripoli, this technique was in decline for several years before increasing again in 2019, points out Samer Fatfat, consultant at the Safadi foundation. On the beaches of Akkar, it has remained constant.”
30:
118:
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programs, data collected shows that with the use of community-based programs in tandem with BBM, the levels of blast fishing can be reduced by up to 90%. This has already been observed in multiple areas, more importantly, there is a significant reduction in other destructive fishing methods, shown by recovery in fish stocks.
410:) were placed on 8 September and 18 October 2010 respectively, 60 feet (18 m) below sea level in order to discourage fishermen from using illegal and destructive methods in fishing and hopefully remind everyone that the sea and its inhabitants are gifts from God that deserves to be treasured and taken care of.
454:. In addition, coral reefs are one of the major tourist attractions in Tanzania. The coastal tourism provides a living for the people as well as foreign currency for the country. However, there has been an increase in the people living along the coast which has led to a large demand for fisheries. It has led to
421:
In northern
Tanzania, blast fishing, which is illegal, has resurfaced in recent years as a key danger to its coral reefs. This has occurred even though major institutions like local communities and the district government have been put in place for enhanced fisheries management. The damage of blast
362:
A 1987 study concluded that blast fishing was then very widespread in the
Philippines, estimating that 25% of all municipal fish landings (equivalent to 250,000 metric tons per year) were from blast fishing. Most of the blast fishing is however done in the south, near Palawan and the South China Sea.
325:
is very popular in the region. While previously Komodo was relatively protected by a cooperative undertaking with TNC (The Nature
Conservancy) since the Indonesian government has assumed responsibility for park protection, there has been an upsurge in bombing. During a recent visit to Crystal Bommie,
256:
In 2006 background blast monitoring (BBM) with this same equipment was installed at Mabul Island in Sabah, Malaysia. In 2014 the Reef
Defenders began an aggressive program to create a network of blast monitoring systems throughout South-East Asia. BBM is important to guide community-based eradication
252:
This method involves seismic technology developed by the US Government for detecting underwater explosions. Re-adapted for use as background blast monitoring equipment Hong Kong in 1995, first installed in the northeastern waters. Fixed monitoring locations were established in 2006, notably one near
235:
Besides patrols, the restricting or even banning of the sale of ammonium nitrate also makes it much more difficult to produce the explosives that are needed for blast fishing. Another approach is not to restrict or ban the sale of ammonium nitrate, but instead log the people buying large quantities
194:
Researchers believe that destructive fishing practices like blast fishing are one of the biggest threats to the coral reef ecosystems. Blown up coral reefs are no more than rubble fields. The long-term impact associated with blast tanks is that there is no natural recovery of the reefs. Coral reefs
916:
Garces, Len R.; Pido, Michael D.; Tupper, Mark H.; Silvestre, Geronimo T. (2013-09-01). "Evaluating the management effectiveness of three marine protected areas in the
Calamianes Islands, Palawan Province, Philippines: Process, selected results and their implications for planning and management".
198:
The damaged coral reefs from blast fishing lead to instant declines in fish species wealth and quantity. Explosives used in blast fishing not only kill fish but also destroy coral skeletons, creating unbalanced coral rubble. The elimination of the fish also eliminates the resilience of the coral
426:
in the region. Other impacts of blast fishing in the area include reports that citizens have died or lost limbs due to the blasting. The northern part of the country has many beautiful beaches and uninhabited islands. However, many investors feel that tourists are discouraged due to the fish
239:
Centrally governed enforcement of blast fishing sometimes has limited success, due to resistance of local populations and mistrust of central governments. Bottom up systems based around clearly defined public benefits and education are more beneficial. Effective MPAs have the backing of local
157:; a small amount of fish float to the surface, but most sink to the seafloor. The explosions indiscriminately kill large numbers of fish and other marine organisms in the vicinity and can damage or destroy the physical environment, including extensive damage to coral reefs.
313:. They say enforcement declined following the exit of a U.S.-based conservation group that helped fight destructive fishing practices. Coral Gardens that were among Asia's most spectacular dive sites were the latest victim of blasting despite being located inside the
1587:
223:
and people of
Tanzania and the Philippines, it is evident that firmer enforcement is an effective strategy in managing blast fishing. Many countries have laws regarding blast fishing, but they are not fully implemented. Effective management of
165:
Blast fishing is inherently inefficient in retrieving killed and stunned fish. For every ten fish killed, only one or two float to the surface, due to damage caused to their otherwise buoyant internal air bladders. The rest sink to the bottom.
77:
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reefs to climate change, further hindering their recovery. Single blasts cause reefs to recover over 5–10 years, while widespread blasting, as often practiced, transforms these biodiverse ecosystems into continuous unstable rubble.
338:. Today, fishermen mostly use homemade bombs that are made from bottles filled with an explosive mixture; weights are also added to make the bottle sink faster underwater. After the bomb explodes, the fish killed or stunned by the
114:
Extensive hard-to-patrol coastlines, the lure of lucrative, easy catches, and in some cases outright apathy or corruption on the part of local officials make enforcement of blast fishing bans an ongoing challenge for authorities.
363:
A study conducted in 2002 reported that destructive fishing methods had caused the degradation of about 70% of
Philippine coral reefs and reduced annual fisheries production by about 177,500 metric tons in the 1990s.
851:
Kusumawati, Ika; Huang, Hsiang-Wen (2015-01-01). "Key factors for successful management of marine protected areas: A comparison of stakeholders׳ perception of two MPAs in Weh island, Sabang, Aceh, Indonesia".
1453:
Verheij E., Makoloweka S., Kalombo H. Collaborative coastal management improves coral reefs and fisheries in Tanga, Tanzania (2004) Ocean and
Coastal Management, 47 (7-8 SPEC. ISS.), pp. 309–320.
737:
Raymundo, L. J.; Maypa, A. P.; Gomez, E. D.; Cadiz, P. (2007). "Can dynamite-blasted reefs recover? A novel, low-tech approach to stimulating natural recovery in fish and coral populations".
288:
officials to explain the project approach and provide the ShotSpotter
Respond App leading to the first apprehension of Fish Bombers by Marine Police in response to Stop Fish Bombing alert.
479:
69:) that supports the fish. The frequently improvised nature of the explosives used, and undetonated charges, means danger for fishermen and divers as well, with accidents and injuries.
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305:
has been around for over fifty years and continues to damage its coral reefs, as fishermen continue to use explosives or cyanide to kill or stun their prey. Dive operators and
1156:
1122:
462:. Blast fishing has been practiced in Tanzania since the 1960s. It was during the 1980s and 1990s that blast fishing was at its peak in Tanzania. For example, in Mnazi bay,
180:
Shells exploding in the water during naval battles also tend to kill fish with the same effect of blast fishing, only without any systematic attempt to collect the harvest.
1070:
Showen, R.; Dunson, C.; Woodman, G. H.; Christopher, S.; Lim, T.; Wilson, S. C. (2018-03-01). "Locating fish bomb blasts in real-time using a networked acoustic system".
413:
In 2012, the director of the Philippine Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources declared an “all-out war” against dynamite fishing and other illegal fishing practices.
1425:
Bell J.D., Ratner B.D., Stobutzki I., Oliver J. Addressing the coral reef crisis in developing countries (2006) Ocean and Coastal Management, 49 (12), pp. 976–985.
952:
Foale, Simon; Manele, Bruno (2004-12-01). "Social and political barriers to the use of Marine Protected Areas for conservation and fishery management in Melanesia".
2539:
570:
219:
Similar patrols employed in Indonesia and the Philippines have reduced the amount of blast fishing occurrences there. Based on dialogue with stakeholder groups in
1463:
530:
2679:
2604:
1171:
Pet-Soede, L., & Erdmann, M. V. (1998). Blast Fishing in Southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia. Naga, The ICLARM Quarterly, 1-6. Retrieved October 25, 2009
533:
Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland Washington, DC: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment
2957:
1521:
2952:
879:
Heber Dunning, Kelly (2015-12-01). "Ecosystem services and community based coral reef management institutions in post blast-fishing Indonesia".
1238:
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1007:
580:
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using a networked hydroacoustic array based on the ShotSpotter gunshot location system. In 2020, Stop Fish Bombing's Malaysia team met with
2532:
1254:
1226:
Promoting Sustainable Fisheries: The International Legal and Policy Framework to Combat Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing
1132:
497:
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fishing in the area has contributed to unstable coral reefs, discouragement of tourism investors, and a threat to the habitat of
591:
1473:
655:
146:, may explode prematurely without warning and have been known to injure or kill the person using them, or innocent bystanders.
1432:
2525:
2342:
694:
Fox, H. E.; Pet, J. S.; Dahuri, R.; Caldwell, R. L. (2003). "Recovery in rubble fields: long-term impacts of blast fishing".
395:
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it was found to be 60% destroyed, with freshly overturned coral tables proving recent bombing. In the market in the city of
61:
to stun or kill schools of fish for easy collection. This often illegal practice is extremely destructive to the surrounding
1447:
169:
466:, 441 blasts were recorded in two months in 1996, and 100 blasts were witnessed through one six-hour period in Mpovi reef.
459:
111:. One 1999 report estimated that some 70,000 fishermen (12% of the Philippines' total fishermen) engaged in the practice.
54:
1483:
1514:
2684:
2579:
131:
1618:
1494:
680:
The Fighting at Jutland (abridged Ed.) the Personal Experiences of Forty-five Officers and Men of the British Fleet
2907:
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1950:
1613:
538:
793:
2962:
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1428:
Cornish, Andrew S, and McKellar, David, A History of Fishing with Explosives and poisons in Hong Kong Waters.
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In Tanzania, coral reefs are essential for both ecological and socio-economic reasons. They are full of fish,
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990:
Chan, Adrian (2017). "A systematic analysis of blast fishing in South-East Asia and possible solutions".
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1311:
Wells, S. (2009). "Dynamite fishing in northern Tanzania – pervasive, problematic and yet preventable".
1153:
780:
Fox, H. E.; Caldwell, R. L. (2006). "Recovery From Blast Fishing On Coral Reefs: A Tale of Two Scales".
225:
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1986:
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Philippines, Colombia and Ireland banning sale of ammonium nitrate to reduce production of explosives
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703:
314:
97:. In the Philippines, where the practice has been well-documented, blast fishing was known prior to
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507:
318:
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2805:
2762:
2747:
2689:
2661:
2191:
2009:
1689:
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531:"McClellan, K., & Bruno, J. (2008). Coral degradation through destructive fishing practices.
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58:
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1960:
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The depths of destruction. Dynamite fishing ravages Philippines' precious coral reefs.
715:
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1981:
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Although outlawed in some parts of the world, the practice remains widespread in
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1940:
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Destructive fishing mini-symposium at the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium
407:
375:
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98:
17:
1429:
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Underwater shock waves produced by the explosion stun the fish and cause their
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1955:
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339:
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90:
66:
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1919:
1828:
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1623:
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999:
502:
443:
302:
62:
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leadership and populations due to clearly defined benefits of conservation/
2800:
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2387:
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2299:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2249:
2214:
2196:
2146:
2118:
2052:
1945:
1914:
1904:
1838:
1722:
1651:
677:
Fawcett, Harold William; Hooper, Geoffrey William Winsmore (1921-01-01).
447:
431:
387:
331:
327:
273:
213:
154:
127:
2732:
2714:
2638:
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2552:
2548:
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2166:
2141:
2123:
2098:
2093:
2027:
1965:
1576:
1571:
391:
2488:
2403:
1813:
1717:
1382:
901:
463:
435:
379:
94:
1402:"A deal in wheat : and other stories of the new and old West"
439:
371:
281:
280:
published research demonstrating real-time fish blast location in
168:
117:
76:
65:, as the explosion often destroys the underlying habitat (such as
29:
173:
First World War sailor with a fish stunned by the explosion of a
2332:
1490:
Dynamite fishing and illegal fishing practices destroy ecosystem
1031:
322:
309:
say Indonesia is not doing enough to protect the waters off the
139:
2521:
2007:
1539:
1503:
624:. No. 1240. Australia, Australia. 22 July 2010. p. 26
261:
643:
Explosions In The Cretan Sea: The scourge of illegal fishing
268:
urban gunfire system could be adapted for underwater use in
142:
mixture are often employed. Such devices, ironically termed
1223:
Mary Ann Palma; Martin Tsamenyi; William R. Edeson (2010).
794:
10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1631:RFBFOC]2.0.CO;2
575:
Penguin Classics. Page 104. Translated by Michael Hofmann.
1439:, the ICALRM Quarterly. July–September 1998. pp. 4–9.
1404:. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company. pp. 89–97
398:
and Boholano divers, two 14-foot (4.3 m) statues of
134:
constructed using a glass bottle with layers of powdered
921:. Special Issue: Advancing Ecosystem Based Management.
484:
describes efforts to end blast fishing on California's
985:
983:
656:"Effects of underwater explosions on life in the sea"
277:
153:
to rupture. This rupturing causes an abrupt loss of
276:, Malaysian Borneo protected Marine Parks. In 2018,
2867:
2814:
2761:
2723:
2670:
2637:
2560:
2396:
2313:
2205:
2132:
2081:
2020:
1974:
1928:
1890:
1857:
1774:
1751:
1703:
1670:
1637:
1594:
1552:
1184:
Resources & Environment in Asia's Marine Sector
1255:"Underwater Grotto - Knight - Stewards of the Sea"
1123:"Fishermen blast premier dive sites off Indonesia"
816:"H.R. 3197, Security Handling Of Ammonium Nitrate"
1212:Dynamite fishing mostly concentrated in the south
592:A Closer Look at Blast Fishing in the Philippines
248:Blast monitoring programs and eradication methods
1154:Fishermen blast premier dive sites off Indonesia
658:Australian Department of Defence, DSTO-GD-0080.
264:conducted proof of concept demonstrations that
1360:Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science
1356:"Coral Reefs and Their Management in Tanzania"
2533:
1515:
525:
523:
8:
2680:List of harvested aquatic animals by weight
2605:Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
122:Explosives being prepared for blast fishing
2540:
2526:
2518:
2017:
2004:
1549:
1536:
1522:
1508:
1500:
632:– via National Library of Australia.
1381:
1371:
900:
386:reef which deteriorated due to excessive
81:Fish floating immediately after the blast
1474:International Working Group Draft Report
1294:"BFAR declares war vs dynamite fishing"
519:
840:Tracking of buyers of ammonium nitrate
667:Dynamite Fishing With Jacque Coustaeu
350:Blast fishing or dynamite fishing is
7:
992:2017 IEEE Underwater Technology (UT)
334:which was in plentiful supply after
228:(MPAs) is key in the patrolling of
101:, as this activity is mentioned by
27:Using bombs underwater to kill fish
366:In 2010, mayor Nino Rey Boniel of
342:from the explosion are collected.
25:
1464:Coarse & Even Coarser Fishing
1045:Environment, U. N. (2019-02-21).
481:The Passing of Cock-Eye Blacklock
2925:
2924:
2912:
2628:
1585:
1187:. Taylor & Francis. p.
966:10.1111/j.1467-8373.2004.00247.x
498:Environmental effects of fishing
2958:Environmental impact of fishing
2913:
1333:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.09.019
1092:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.029
939:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.07.014
759:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.02.006
616:"Job of lifetime for Commander"
2953:Fishing techniques and methods
2343:Double-Heart of Stacked Stones
1121:Jacob Herin (April 20, 2012).
919:Ocean & Coastal Management
352:growing more common in Lebanon
1:
1530:Fishing equipment and methods
1280:"Praying underwater in Bohol"
716:10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00246-7
460:destructive fishing practices
321:. The use of bombs made with
317:, a 500,000-acre reserve and
140:ammonium nitrate and kerosene
893:10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.11.010
866:10.1016/j.marpol.2014.09.029
55:destructive fishing practice
2580:Fish diseases and parasites
1442:Martin, G. (2002, May 30).
208:Community-based enforcement
2979:
1583:
187:
2898:
2786:Gathering seafood by hand
2626:
2048:Gathering seafood by hand
2016:
2003:
1951:Personal flotation device
1548:
1535:
1373:10.4314/wiojms.v3i2.28464
1313:Marine Pollution Bulletin
1298:Philippine Daily Inquirer
1072:Marine Pollution Bulletin
739:Marine Pollution Bulletin
696:Marine Pollution Bulletin
394:use. Through the help of
2600:Individual fishing quota
569:JĂĽnger, Ernst (2004 ed)
370:town in the province of
319:U.N. World Heritage Site
2454:Fishing light attractor
2439:Fish aggregating device
1181:James B. Marsh (1992).
1159:April 21, 2012, at the
1047:"Stopping fish bombing"
1000:10.1109/UT.2017.7890330
782:Ecological Applications
323:kerosene and fertilizer
2434:Electric pulse fishing
2305:Turtle excluder device
1354:Wagner, G. M. (2004).
954:Asia Pacific Viewpoint
474:A 1903 short story by
378:, built an underwater
226:Marine Protected Areas
177:
123:
82:
35:
278:Stop Fish Bombing USA
184:Impact on coral reefs
172:
121:
80:
33:
2590:Fisheries management
1300:. February 27, 2012.
315:Komodo National Park
89:, as well as in the
2748:Fishing tournaments
2610:Sustainable fishery
2063:Scallop aquaculture
1469:Sustainable Fishing
1325:2009MarPB..58...20W
1084:2018MarPB.128..496S
931:2013OCM....81...49G
818:. December 14, 2005
751:2007MarPB..54.1009R
708:2003MarPB..46.1024F
508:Marine conservation
130:or, more commonly,
2690:Commercial fishing
2662:History of fishing
2010:Fishing techniques
1690:Fishing rod tapers
1479:Exploitive Fishing
1435:2013-06-12 at the
881:Ecosystem Services
262:Stop Fish Bombing!
260:In 2015 and 2017,
242:ecosystem services
178:
138:and pebbles or an
124:
83:
36:
2940:
2939:
2743:Catch and release
2647:Artisanal fishing
2595:Fisheries science
2575:Diversity of fish
2515:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2414:Cormorant fishing
2043:Flounder tramping
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1240:978-90-04-17575-4
1229:. BRILL. p.
1198:978-0-8448-1708-8
1135:on April 21, 2012
1009:978-1-5090-5266-0
605:, Bali, Indonesia
581:978-0-14-243790-2
301:Blast fishing in
136:potassium nitrate
16:(Redirected from
2970:
2928:
2927:
2916:
2915:
2885:Fishing villages
2824:Artificial flies
2791:Handline fishing
2738:Big-game fishing
2632:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2519:
2177:Longline fishing
2157:Handline fishing
2018:
2005:
1804:Original Floater
1695:Fly rod building
1589:
1550:
1537:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1501:
1491:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1375:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1257:. Archived from
1251:
1245:
1244:
1220:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1131:. Archived from
1128:Associated Press
1118:
1112:
1111:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1032:"Reef Defenders"
1028:
1022:
1021:
994:. pp. 1–6.
987:
978:
977:
949:
943:
942:
913:
907:
906:
904:
876:
870:
869:
848:
842:
837:
831:
830:
825:
823:
812:
806:
805:
788:(5): 1631–1635.
777:
771:
770:
745:(7): 1009–1019.
734:
728:
727:
702:(8): 1024–1031.
691:
685:
684:
674:
668:
665:
659:
654:Lewis JA (1996)
652:
646:
640:
634:
633:
631:
629:
612:
606:
600:
594:
589:
583:
567:
561:
556:
550:
549:
547:
546:
537:. Archived from
527:
456:overexploitation
402:and Santo Nino (
307:conservationists
47:dynamite fishing
34:Underwater blast
21:
18:Dynamite fishing
2978:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2963:Aquatic ecology
2943:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2894:
2890:Marine habitats
2863:
2834:Bite indicators
2810:
2757:
2719:
2666:
2633:
2624:
2556:
2546:
2516:
2503:
2419:Cyanide fishing
2392:
2383:Putcher fishing
2309:
2290:Surrounding net
2201:
2128:
2077:
2012:
1991:
1970:
1924:
1886:
1859:Bite indicators
1853:
1770:
1747:
1699:
1666:
1633:
1590:
1581:
1544:
1531:
1528:
1489:
1460:
1446:(archived from
1437:Wayback Machine
1422:
1420:Further reading
1417:
1416:
1407:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1264:
1262:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1161:Wayback Machine
1152:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1055:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1010:
989:
988:
981:
951:
950:
946:
915:
914:
910:
878:
877:
873:
850:
849:
845:
838:
834:
821:
819:
814:
813:
809:
779:
778:
774:
736:
735:
731:
693:
692:
688:
676:
675:
671:
666:
662:
653:
649:
641:
637:
627:
625:
614:
613:
609:
601:
597:
590:
586:
568:
564:
557:
553:
544:
542:
529:
528:
521:
516:
494:
472:
419:
360:
348:
299:
294:
282:Sabah, Malaysia
250:
230:illegal fishing
210:
205:
192:
186:
163:
75:
51:grenade fishing
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2976:
2974:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2945:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2922:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2676:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2657:Fishing vessel
2654:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2620:Wild fisheries
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2522:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2494:Shrimp baiting
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2429:Electrofishing
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2368:Fishing basket
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2104:Hawaiian sling
2101:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2073:Trout tickling
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1872:Pellet waggler
1869:
1863:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1784:Artificial fly
1780:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1680:Bamboo fly rod
1676:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1641:
1639:Fishing sinker
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1556:
1546:
1545:
1542:Fishing tackle
1540:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1459:
1458:External links
1456:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:on 2011-05-24)
1440:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1389:
1366:(2): 227–243.
1346:
1303:
1285:
1271:
1246:
1239:
1215:
1204:
1197:
1173:
1164:
1146:
1113:
1062:
1051:UN Environment
1037:
1023:
1008:
979:
960:(3): 373–386.
944:
908:
871:
843:
832:
807:
772:
729:
686:
669:
660:
647:
635:
607:
595:
584:
572:Storm of Steel
562:
551:
518:
517:
515:
512:
511:
510:
505:
500:
493:
490:
486:American River
471:
468:
418:
415:
359:
356:
347:
344:
311:Komodo Islands
298:
295:
293:
290:
249:
246:
221:Southeast Asia
209:
206:
204:
201:
188:Main article:
185:
182:
162:
159:
144:expanding bait
132:homemade bombs
108:Storm of Steel
87:Southeast Asia
74:
71:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2975:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2933:
2932:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2880:Fishing banks
2878:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2479:Otter fishing
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2409:Blast fishing
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2134:Fishing lines
2131:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2068:Trout binning
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2058:Pearl hunting
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1982:Fish stringer
1980:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1910:Drop shot rig
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1877:Shortfloating
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1867:Fishing float
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1844:Topwater lure
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1776:Fishing lures
1773:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1743:Worm charming
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1619:Multifilament
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1484:Blast Fishing
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1403:
1399:
1398:Norris, Frank
1393:
1390:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1350:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1261:on 2014-04-24
1260:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1150:
1147:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
986:
984:
980:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
948:
945:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
912:
909:
903:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
875:
872:
867:
863:
859:
855:
854:Marine Policy
847:
844:
841:
836:
833:
829:
817:
811:
808:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
776:
773:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
733:
730:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
690:
687:
682:
681:
673:
670:
664:
661:
657:
651:
648:
644:
639:
636:
623:
622:
617:
611:
608:
604:
599:
596:
593:
588:
585:
582:
578:
574:
573:
566:
563:
560:
559:Blast Fishing
555:
552:
541:on 2019-12-22
540:
536:
534:
526:
524:
520:
513:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
491:
489:
487:
483:
482:
477:
470:United States
469:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
452:sea cucumbers
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
428:
425:
416:
414:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
357:
355:
353:
345:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
296:
291:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
270:Kota Kinabalu
267:
263:
258:
254:
247:
245:
243:
237:
233:
231:
227:
222:
217:
215:
207:
202:
200:
196:
191:
183:
181:
176:
171:
167:
160:
158:
156:
152:
151:swim bladders
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
120:
116:
112:
110:
109:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
79:
72:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
39:Blast fishing
32:
19:
2929:
2917:
2796:Spearfishing
2585:Fish farming
2469:Kite fishing
2408:
2378:Lobster trap
2373:Fishing weir
2240:Glass floats
2207:Fishing nets
2182:Spin fishing
2114:Spearfishing
2038:Clam digging
1900:Carolina rig
1834:Surface lure
1766:Plastic worm
1761:Deadsticking
1753:Plastic bait
1738:Vermicompost
1705:Fishing bait
1685:Fishing reel
1647:Arlesey Bomb
1614:Monofilament
1596:Fishing line
1448:the original
1406:. Retrieved
1392:
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1359:
1349:
1319:(1): 20–23.
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1263:. Retrieved
1259:the original
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1137:. Retrieved
1133:the original
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626:. Retrieved
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543:. Retrieved
539:the original
532:
480:
476:Frank Norris
473:
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349:
336:World War II
300:
259:
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179:
175:depth charge
164:
161:Inefficiency
148:
143:
125:
113:
106:
105:in his book
103:Ernst JĂĽnger
93:and coastal
84:
50:
46:
43:fish bombing
42:
38:
37:
2781:Fishing net
2753:Fly fishing
2615:Overfishing
2570:Aquaculture
2555:topic areas
2464:Ice fishing
2444:Fish toxins
2353:Fish corral
2328:Barrier net
2265:Lampuki net
2260:Lampara net
2220:Cheena vala
2172:Jug fishing
1941:Diving mask
1892:Fishing rig
1819:Spinnerbait
1794:Little Cleo
1672:Fishing rod
1562:Circle hook
1078:: 496–507.
887:: 319–332.
860:: 465–475.
628:21 December
424:coelacanths
400:Mother Mary
396:Sea Knights
376:Philippines
358:Philippines
286:Sabah Parks
266:ShotSpotter
126:Commercial
99:World War I
73:Description
67:coral reefs
2947:Categories
2875:Fish ponds
2776:Fishfinder
2763:Techniques
2725:Recreation
2705:Processing
2685:By country
2449:Fishfinder
2363:Fish wheel
2315:Fish traps
2295:Tangle net
2255:Ice jigger
2230:Ghost nets
2162:Jiggerpole
2152:Drum lines
2089:Bowfishing
2033:Ama divers
1987:Tackle box
1882:Quiver tip
1849:Zara Spook
1824:Spoon lure
1733:Groundbait
1662:Sandsinker
1657:Downrigger
1408:2015-11-03
1265:2014-04-24
1056:2020-03-02
545:2017-12-04
514:References
427:blasting.
408:Holy Child
382:along the
368:Bien Unido
340:shock wave
190:Coral reef
91:Aegean Sea
59:explosives
2868:Locations
2771:Fish trap
2695:Marketing
2652:Fisherman
2562:Fisheries
2549:Fisheries
2358:Fish nest
2338:Crab trap
2323:Almadraba
2300:Trawl net
2285:Seine net
2225:Drift net
2109:Polespear
2021:Gathering
1920:Texas rig
1829:Spoonplug
1799:Mormyshka
1713:Bait fish
1624:Power pro
1554:Fish hook
1383:1834/1151
1139:April 21,
1100:0025-326X
974:1467-8373
925:: 49–57.
902:1912/7847
503:Fish kill
444:octopuses
303:Indonesia
297:Indonesia
292:Countries
236:thereof.
63:ecosystem
2931:Category
2903:Glossary
2806:Trolling
2801:Trawling
2710:Products
2672:Industry
2499:Snagging
2484:Pa-aling
2474:Muro-ami
2459:Flossing
2424:Dredging
2388:Trabucco
2348:Eel buck
2280:Salambaw
2275:Lift net
2270:Lave net
2250:Hand net
2245:Haaf net
2235:Gill net
2215:Cast net
2197:Trotline
2192:Trolling
2147:Dropline
2119:Speargun
2053:Noodling
1946:Hip boot
1915:Hair rig
1905:Chod rig
1839:Swimbait
1652:Bombarda
1433:Archived
1400:(1903).
1341:19056095
1157:Archived
1108:29571401
1018:24565702
802:17069358
767:17383687
724:12907196
492:See also
448:mollusks
432:lobsters
417:Tanzania
388:dynamite
332:dynamite
328:Makassar
274:Semporna
214:Tanzania
155:buoyancy
128:dynamite
2919:Outline
2733:Angling
2715:Seafood
2700:Markets
2639:Fishing
2553:fishing
2167:Jigging
2142:Angling
2124:Trident
2099:Harpoon
2094:Gigging
2028:Abalone
1966:Wetsuit
1956:Snorkel
1929:Apparel
1718:Boilies
1604:Braided
1577:Sniggle
1572:Hookset
1495:YouTube
1321:Bibcode
1080:Bibcode
927:Bibcode
822:June 8,
747:Bibcode
704:Bibcode
478:titled
404:Spanish
392:cyanide
384:Danajon
346:Lebanon
232:areas.
203:Control
2859:Sinker
2816:Tackle
2489:Payaos
2404:Basnig
2187:Tip-up
2082:Spears
1961:Waders
1814:Sabiki
1789:Heddon
1629:Swivel
1339:
1237:
1195:
1106:
1098:
1016:
1006:
972:
800:
765:
722:
579:
464:Mtwara
450:, and
436:prawns
380:grotto
95:Africa
57:using
2908:Index
2849:Lures
2397:Other
1975:Other
1936:Creel
1728:Clonk
1609:Knots
1014:S2CID
440:crabs
372:Bohol
53:is a
2844:Line
2839:Hook
2829:Bait
2551:and
2333:Corf
1809:Plug
1723:Chum
1567:Gaff
1430:NAGA
1337:PMID
1235:ISBN
1193:ISBN
1141:2012
1104:PMID
1096:ISSN
1004:ISBN
970:ISSN
824:2015
798:PMID
763:PMID
720:PMID
630:2023
621:Army
577:ISBN
458:and
406:for
390:and
272:and
2854:Rod
1493:on
1378:hdl
1368:doi
1329:doi
1189:153
1088:doi
1076:128
996:doi
962:doi
935:doi
897:hdl
889:doi
862:doi
790:doi
755:doi
712:doi
212:In
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