89:–motor) has the motor coils and the generator coils wound around a single rotor; both the motor and generator therefore share the same outer field coils or magnets. Typically the motor coils are driven from a commutator on one end of the shaft, while the generator coils provide output to another commutator on the other end of the shaft. The entire rotor and shaft assembly is smaller, lighter, and cheaper than a pair of machines, and does not require exposed drive shafts.
431:
that the thermally current-limited components of a large semiconductor inverter are solid-state switches massing a few grams with a thermal time constant to their heat sinks of likely more than 100 ms, whereas the thermally current limited components of an MG are copper windings massing sometimes hundreds of kilograms which are intrinsically attached to their own large thermal mass. They also have inherently excellent resistance to
213:
38:
404:
is generally being replaced with smaller engines with conventional or MG transmission on each carriage. Long distance electric locomotives with high voltage overhead power supply used MG transmission, but this is generally being replaced with distributed motor drive on each carriage with electronic power control and conversion.
430:
In industrial settings where harmonic cancellation, frequency conversion, or line isolation is needed, MG sets remain a popular solution. A useful feature of motor–generators is that they can handle large short-term overloads better than semiconductor devices of the same average load rating. Consider
349:
to improve its ride-through; however, consideration must be taken in this application as the motor–generator will require a large amount of current on re-closure, if prior to the pull-out torque is achieved, resulting in a shut down. The in-rush current during re-closure will depend on many factors,
403:
stock in use. These have since been replaced with solid state converters on new rolling stock. MG locomotives have also commonly been used for long distance rail Diesel locomotive transmission throughout the world, due to reliability and wear issues with mechanical and fluid transmissions, but this
285:
Before solid state AC voltage regulation was available or cost effective, motor generator sets were used to provide a variable AC voltage. The DC voltage to the generators armature would be varied manually or electronically to control the output voltage. When used in this fashion, the MG set is
333:
Motor–generators have even been used where the input and output currents are essentially the same. In this case, the mechanical inertia of the M–G set is used to filter out transients in the input power. The output's electric current can be very clean (noise free) and will be able to
73:
of power. They may also be used to isolate electrical loads from the electrical power supply line. Large motor–generators were widely used to convert industrial amounts of power while smaller motor–generators (such as the one shown in the picture) were used to convert
195:
will use a flywheel motor–generator rig to supply power instantaneously for aircraft launches at greater than the ship's installed generator capacity. In addition to the above specialized applications, flywheel-generator systems have been commercialized for use in
411:
to produce a 36VDC output from the 600VDC traction supply. The low voltage output charges the streetcar's batteries and supplies current for control and auxiliary equipment (including headlights, gong ringers, door motors and electromagnetic track brakes).
383:. Since accurate speed control of the hoisting machine was required, the impracticality of varying the frequency to a high power AC motor meant that the use of an MG set with a DC hoist motor was a near industry-standard solution. Modern AC
350:
however. As an example, a 250 kVA motor generator operating at 300 ampere of full load current will require 1550 ampere of in-rush current during a re-closure after 5 seconds. This example used a fixed mounted flywheel sized to result in a
315:
transmissions in the first three decades of the 20th century, electronic techniques were required at higher frequencies. The
Alexanderson alternator was largely replaced by the vacuum tube oscillator in the 1920s.
387:
electronics with compatible motors have increasingly supplanted traditional MG-driven elevator installations, since electronic AC drives are typically more efficient by 50% or more than MG DC-powered machinery.
478:
a generator or a motor. They can be used to provide an additional 160 BHP to the wheels to aid acceleration and overtaking, or can be used to spin the turbo to increase boost pressure faster, thereby reducing
310:
with many poles driven at high speeds. Alexanderson alternators produced RF up to 600 kHz, with large units capable of 500 kW power output. While electromechanical converters were regularly used for
466:
From the 2014 season, Formula 1 racing cars will have two of what are described as 'motor-generator units' (MGU) This makes the cars more fuel-efficient by harvesting energy from the turbocharger and
367:
Motors and generators may be coupled by a non-conductive shaft in facilities that need to closely control electromagnetic radiation, or where high isolation from transient surge voltages is required.
715:
41:
Aircraft radio modulator unit from the Second World War, showing a dynamotor (the black cylinder) which converts the aircraft's 24–28 V DC to 500 V DC for the transmitter.
631:
Reddy, Y. Jaganmohan; Kumar, Y. V. Pavan; Raju, K. Padma; Ramsesh, Anilkumar (2012). "Retrofitted Hybrid Power System Design With
Renewable Energy Sources for Buildings".
132:). The motor runs on the electrical input current while the generator creates the electrical output current, with power flowing between the two machines as a mechanical
338:
brief blackouts and switching transients at the input to the M–G set. This may enable, for example, the flawless cut-over from mains power to AC power provided by a
767:
192:
686:
168:
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183:
on multiple motor–generator rigs to level the load imposed on the electrical system: the motor side slowly accelerated a large
176:
606:
328:
201:
270:
543:
274:
81:
While a motor–generator set may consist of distinct motor and generator machines coupled together, a single unit
493:
384:
451:
and other lightweight power systems, a "motor–generator" is a single electric machine that can be used as an
432:
295:
184:
155:
fusion devices impose very large peak loads, but relatively low average loads, on the electrical grid. The
538:
400:
249:
136:; this provides electrical isolation and some buffering of the power between the two electrical systems.
528:
376:
217:
164:
101:
97:
96:
vehicle radio receivers, did not use expensive, noisy and bulky motor–generators. Instead, they used an
75:
467:
456:
444:
172:
513:
228:
108:
to produce the higher voltages required for the vacuum tubes from the vehicle's 6 or 12 V battery.
648:
518:
140:
125:
716:"Network Rail Guide to Overhead Electrification 132787-ALB-GUN-EOH-000001 February 2015 Rev 10"
669:
666:
Physical
Security Standard for Construction of Sensitive Compartmented Information Facilities
498:
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533:
508:
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420:
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31:
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187:, which was consumed rapidly during a fusion experiment as the generator side acted as a
563:
523:
452:
424:
415:
Motor-generator sets were often used to provide the high-current D.C. power for carbon
232:
121:
117:
364:. The motor–generator was a vertical type two-bearing machine with oil-bath bearings.
120:
generation and large fixed electrical power systems, a motor–generator consists of an
761:
423:
in the 1950-60's era, before the carbon electrode arc light was replaced with modern
408:
339:
70:
652:
392:
335:
303:
42:
34:, a device that uses an internal combustion engine to drive an electric generator.
395:. They were used to convert the 600 V DC – 850 V DC line supply voltage from the
197:
105:
93:
58:
470:. However these are not motor-generators as described here, but are more like
396:
307:
129:
644:
580:
200:
as an adjunct or alternative to more conventional battery or generator-based
480:
471:
361:
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256:
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on the flywheel. Similarly, the next generation U.S. Navy aircraft carrier
62:
245:
to DC at another voltage. (Also called a dynamotor, short for dynamo-motor)
212:
151:
Another use is to buffer extreme loads on the power system. For example,
416:
380:
346:
260:
180:
17:
242:
152:
66:
143:) or to provide phase matching between different electrical systems.
133:
86:
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power. In the early days of radio communication, the high frequency
37:
216:
An MG set used to provide a variable three phase AC voltage for an
188:
379:
for some purposes. In the past, a popular use for MG sets was in
567:
224:
Motor–generators may be used for various conversions including:
139:
One use is to eliminate spikes and variations in "dirty power" (
700:
298:
is a motor-driven, high-frequency alternator which provides
61:
to another form. Motor–generator sets are used to convert
92:
Low-powered consumer devices built before 1933, such as
447:
can also serve as an electric motor, or vice versa. In
742:. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. p. 5
391:
Another use for MG sets was in the southern region of
27:
Device for converting electrical power to another form
427:projection systems (starting in 1963 in the U.S.).
266:AC at a fixed voltage to AC of a variable voltage
286:equivalent to an isolated variable transformer.
193:Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS)
8:
345:The motor–generator set may contain a large
375:Motor–generator sets have been replaced by
459:, converting between electrical power and
399:into 70 V DC to power the controls of the
607:"Has flywheel power finally come of age?"
306:had to be produced mechanically using an
211:
36:
556:
733:"2014 Formula One Engine Regulations"
7:
407:Similarly, MG sets were used in the
169:Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
320:Motor–generators used to increase
25:
768:Electric power systems components
605:Chernicoff, David (8 July 2016).
721:. Alan Baxter. 17 February 2015.
474:, single units which can act as
281:Variable AC voltage power supply
633:IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
371:Modern use of motor–generators
202:uninterruptible power supplies
177:Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
104:(a self-exciting relay) and a
1:
218:Electron Beam Welding Machine
78:power to higher DC voltages.
57:) is a device for converting
124:mechanically coupled to an
45:Museum of Military Aviation
784:
544:Three-phase electric power
326:
220:high voltage power supply.
29:
668:, DIANE Publishing, 1994
581:"Vibrator Power Supplies"
112:Electrical power handling
645:10.1109/TSG.2012.2217512
564:Radio Amateur's Handbook
494:Booster (electric power)
385:variable-frequency drive
248:Creating or balancing a
185:flywheel to store energy
100:circuit consisting of a
30:Not to be confused with
705:Thursday, 11 March 2021
433:electrostatic discharge
296:Alexanderson alternator
290:High-frequency machines
611:Datacenterdynamics.com
539:Rotary phase converter
439:Modern use of the term
221:
46:
529:Inverter (electrical)
377:semiconductor devices
215:
165:Princeton Large Torus
40:
445:electrical generator
360: Hz per second
250:three-wire DC system
585:Radioremembered.org
514:Frequency converter
229:Alternating current
701:"Generators Guide"
519:Harry Ward Leonard
443:In principle, any
263:-related frequency
222:
173:Nimrod synchrotron
147:Flywheel-generator
141:power conditioning
126:electric generator
116:In the context of
47:
499:Cascade converter
259:to AC at another
16:(Redirected from
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534:Rotary converter
509:Engine-generator
504:Diesel generator
461:mechanical power
421:movie projectors
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179:each used large
59:electrical power
32:engine-generator
21:
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161:General Atomics
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51:motor–generator
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453:electric motor
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425:xenon arc lamp
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327:Main article:
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233:direct current
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157:DIII-D tokamak
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122:electric motor
118:electric power
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409:PCC streetcar
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744:. Retrieved
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614:. Retrieved
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588:. Retrieved
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393:British Rail
390:
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366:
344:
336:ride-through
332:
322:ride-through
321:
304:carrier wave
293:
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271:single-phase
261:harmonically
223:
198:data centers
150:
138:
115:
91:
82:
80:
54:
50:
48:
740:www.fia.com
687:"StackPath"
616:14 November
275:three-phase
208:Conversions
106:transformer
94:vacuum tube
590:18 January
570:, p331–332
551:References
472:dynamotors
397:third rail
308:alternator
255:AC at one
241:DC at one
171:, and the
130:alternator
676:, page 27
481:turbo lag
457:generator
419:in large
417:arc lamps
381:elevators
362:slew rate
313:long wave
257:frequency
181:flywheels
83:dynamotor
63:frequency
43:Dübendorf
18:Dynamotor
762:Category
746:10 March
487:See also
347:flywheel
238:DC to AC
231:(AC) to
102:vibrator
98:inverter
653:9691150
435:(ESD).
355:⁄
243:voltage
204:(UPS).
175:at the
153:tokamak
76:battery
67:voltage
55:M–G set
672:
651:
476:either
340:diesel
329:Rotary
273:to AC
163:, the
134:torque
87:dynamo
736:(PDF)
719:(PDF)
649:S2CID
455:or a
189:brake
85:(for
71:phase
69:, or
748:2020
670:ISBN
618:2023
592:2016
568:ARRL
235:(DC)
128:(or
53:(an
641:doi
401:EMU
294:An
269:AC
159:at
764::
738:.
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635:.
609:.
583:.
483:.
463:.
65:,
49:A
750:.
703:.
689:.
655:.
643::
637:3
620:.
594:.
357:2
353:1
252:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
