231:
129:
1461:. A 1999 study determined that children who had experienced abusive sexual experiences, "as compared to those without, were more likely to be victims of physical family violence, to have run away, to be substance abusers, and to have family members with drug or alcohol problems" (Kellogg et al, 1999). Additionally, the young individual may be at an elevated risk of becoming poor or
307:
77:
36:
1367:, especially if parents or close peers have a history of substance use. Numerous studies have determined that deviant peer associations are generally associated with substance use and that parental use can account for one-half to two-thirds of future instances of chemical dependency. There is also an increased risk of the young individual developing
1340:
immature when compared to their peers. Conversely, other children may appear to emotionally "grow up too fast"; or be in a mixed mode (e.g. well-behaved, but unable to care for themselves.) Children from dysfunctional environments also have a tendency to demonstrate learned unhealthy attachments due to intergenerational dysfunctional parenting.
568:
includes a "Laundry List", core literature of the program. This list has 14 different statements that relate to being an adult child of a parent with an alcohol addiction. These statements provide commentary on how children have been affected by the trauma of having alcoholic parents. Some highlights
1468:
Further socialization problems can be demonstrated by children of dysfunctional families, including habitual or sudden academic performance problems. This notion can be more apparent as the child may exhibit a severe lack of organizational skills in their day-to-day lives. These individuals are also
555:
There are certain times where families can become dysfunctional due to specific situational examples. Some of these include difficulty integrating into a new culture, strain in the relationship between nuclear and extended family members, children in a rebellion phase, and ideological differences in
1477:
behaviors that can be indicative of childhood trauma-induced psychosis and schizophrenia. There is also a higher probability of the youth engaging in future unstable empathetical relationships, with higher tendencies to engage in more risky behavior, including sex with multiple partners, becoming
1489:
Further dysfunctional behaviors can be perpetuated in other future relationships. An individual that was raised in a dysfunctional home environment may also pass this learned behavior on to their offspring, including their substance use habits, conflict resolution methods, and learned social
1339:
Children that are a product of dysfunctional families, either at the time or as they grow older, may exhibit behavior that is inappropriate for their expected stage of development due to psychological distress. Children of dysfunctional families may also behave in a manner that is relatively
573:
in order to show families that they are not alone in their struggles. Female children whose parents were alcoholics have an increased risk of developing depression. Male children of alcoholics are at a significantly higher risk for developing a substance use disorder.
1436:
others or becoming a victim of bullying. Both of these roles often lead to an elevated risk of the child having low self-esteem issues, increased prevalence of isolation, and difficulties expressing emotions, a common effect related to emotional and physical abuse.
1284:, who is unjustifiably assigned the "problem child" role by others within the family or even wrongfully blamed by other family members for those members' own individual or collective dysfunction, often despite being the only emotionally stable member of the family.
1490:
boundaries. These social inadequacies can result in individuals demonstrating self-protective behaviors, to compensate for the difference in their childhoods, as they may have the inability to practice positive self-care and effective emotional coping strategies.
1207:
Unlike divorce, and to a lesser extent, separation, there is often no record of an "intact" family being dysfunctional. As a result, friends, relatives, and teachers of such children may be completely unaware of the situation. In addition, a child may be unfairly
1248:, in academics or athletics) as a means of escaping the dysfunctional family environment, defining themselves independently of their role in the dysfunctional family, currying favor with parents, or shielding themselves from criticism by family members.
494:
Conflict between parents who remain married, often for the perceived sake of the children, but whose separation or divorce would in fact remove a detrimental influence on those children (must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, as a breakup may harm
1409:, or post-traumatic stress disorders. A child may also demonstrate oppositional defiant characteristics by rebelling against parental authority, and non-family adults, or conversely, upholding their family's values in the face of
1452:
This lack of socially normative structure and defiant behavior is also notable in cases where sexual abuse was prevalent. Early sexual experiences can lead to sexually inappropriate behavior that could lead to future interest in
1027:
Loyalty manipulation (giving unearned rewards and lavish attention trying to ensure a favored, yet rebellious child will be the one most loyal and well-behaved, while subtly ignoring the wants and needs of their most loyal child
1444:
and those who perform acts that are knowingly illegal or demonstrate symptoms of an oppositional defiant disorder. This habitual behavior and environmental factors can also lead the troubled youth to a life of
346:. Parents having grown up in a dysfunctional family may over-correct or emulate their own parents. In some cases, the dominant parent will abuse or neglect their children and the other parent will not object,
1733:
Advances in computational intelligence : 14th
International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems, IPMU 2012, Catania, Italy, July 9-13, 2012.
1683:
Advances in computational intelligence : 14th
International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems, IPMU 2012, Catania, Italy, July 9-13, 2012.
1509:
840:
Regularly forcing children to attend activities for which they are extremely over- or under-qualified (e.g. using a preschool to babysit a typical nine-year-old boy, taking a young child to poker games,
897:), or causing the child to dislike the other parent, with insufficient or no concern for the damaging effects of the parent's behavior on the child. While many instances of such manipulation occur in
431:
Disrespect of others' boundaries (e.g. physical contact that other person dislikes; breaking important promises without just cause; purposefully violating a boundary another person has expressed.)
2330:"Betrayal trauma, dissociative experiences and dysfunctional family dynamics: Flashbacks, self-harming behaviors and suicide attempts in post-traumatic stress disorder and dissociative disorders"
1006:(a parent who willfully separates from their children, not wishing any further contact, and in some cases without locating alternative, long-term parenting arrangements, leaving them as
1504:
625:(for example, parents unwilling to reach out to other families—especially those with children of the same gender and approximate age, or do nothing to help their "friendless" child.)
1275:" in response to preexisting family dysfunction, in the latter case often in an attempt to divert attention paid to another member who exhibits a pattern of similar misbehavior.
1293:: the one who takes responsibility for the emotional well-being of the family, often assuming a parental role; the intra-familial counterpart of the "Good Child"/"Superkid."
403:
towards one or more members who have real or perceived special needs. In other words, one family member continuously receives far more than they deserve, while another is
1042:"The deceivers" (well-regarded parents in the community, likely to be involved in some charitable/non-profit works, who abuse or mistreat one or more of their children.)
241:
2051:
1440:
A lack of parental structure and positive peer influences can lead young individuals to seek alternative forms of peer alliances, including peer groups that engage in
424:
for self (e.g. tolerating inappropriate treatment from others, failing to express what is acceptable and unacceptable treatment, tolerance of physical, emotional or
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1716:
1853:
2122:
1730:
Italy), International
Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems (14th : 2012 : Catania (2012).
1680:
Italy), International
Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems (14th : 2012 : Catania (2012).
1499:
1016:(parents who reward bad behavior—even by their own standards—and inevitably punish another child's good behavior in order to maintain the peace and avoid
852:") in totality or selectively allowing children's needs to go unmet (e.g. a father will not buy a bicycle for his son because he wants to save money for
1116:
parent who does not truly care about their non-biological child, but must co-exist in the same home for the sake of their spouse or partner) (See also:
2792:"The inter-generational transmission of trauma: The effects of abuse on the survivor's relationship with their children and on the children themselves"
1088:(either a much younger child is permitted to do whatever an older child may, or an older child must wait years until a younger child is mature enough.)
569:
of the statements include, "confusing love and pity", "having low self-esteem", and having a "loss of identity". The
Laundry List is a helpful tool in
885:
of a child in order to achieve some outcome adverse to the other parent's rights or interests. Examples include verbal manipulation such as spreading
473:
Though not universal among dysfunctional families, and by no means exclusive to them, the following features are typical of dysfunctional families:
362:
Dysfunctional family members have common features and behavior patterns as a result of their experiences within the family structure. This tends to
1091:"The guard dog" (a parent who blindly attacks family members perceived as causing the slightest upset to their esteemed spouse, partner, or child.)
1386:
Children who are raised in dysfunctional environments are also at a higher risk of developing an eating disorder, including anorexia nervosa or
1595:
1424:
Additionally, children may demonstrate social inadequacies by spending an inordinate amount of time engaging in activities that lack in-person
2422:
2405:
2368:
1742:
1692:
146:
49:
2440:
1081:"Not your business" (children continuously told that a particular brother or sister who is often causing problems is none of their concern.)
330:
on the part of individual parents occur continuously and regularly. Children that grow up in such families may think such a situation is
1049:" (sometimes related to above, children warned to not disclose what fights, abuse, or damage happens at home, or face severe punishment
1140:(one child, usually selected by the mother, who is forced into going to therapy while the family's overall dysfunction is kept hidden.)
2898:
1957:
1829:
1791:
1664:
1355:. A disordered family environment unfortunately places these young individuals at a higher risk of engaging in more severe actions of
1123:"The politician" (a parent who repeatedly makes or agrees to children's promises while having little to no intention of keeping them.)
837:" (has no need to obtain child's side of the story when accusing, or listen to child's opinions on matters which greatly impact them.)
1198:
Free-for-all (a family that fights in a "free-for-all" style, though may become polarized when range of possible choices is limited.)
91:
87:
2855:
2556:
2248:"Identifying Loss of Control Eating within Childhood Obesity: The Importance of Family Environment and Child Psychological Distress"
1626:
1220:
Children growing up in a dysfunctional family have been known to adopt or be assigned one or more of the following six basic roles:
293:
275:
212:
63:
1094:"My baby forever" (a parent who will not allow one or more of their young children to grow up and begin taking care of themselves.)
193:
1075:"No friends allowed" (parents discourage, prohibit, or interfere with their child from making friends of the same age and gender.)
791:
Parents always (or never) take their children's side when others report acts of misbehavior, or teachers report problems at school
503:
Children afraid to talk (within or outside the family) about what is happening at home, or are otherwise fearful of their parents.
2940:
464:, etc. (may include frequent appeasement of one member at the expense of others, or an uneven/inconsistent enforcement of rules.)
413:(refusal to acknowledge abusive behavior, possibly believing that the situation is normal or even beneficial; also known as the "
165:
3523:
2123:"Childhood Abuse, Neglect, and Household Dysfunction and the Risk of Illicit Drug Use: The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study"
1143:
457:
1166:
Parent vs. parent (frequent fights amongst adults, whether married, divorced, or separated, conducted away from the children.)
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150:
2037:
2007:
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who capitalizes on the other family members' faults to get whatever they want; often the object of appeasement by grown-ups.
172:
3584:
3244:
1305:
901:
situations that have resulted from separation or divorce, it can also take place in intact families, where it is known as
2512:"Low-Income Families With Potential Adolescent Gang Involvement: A Structural Community Family Therapy Integration Model"
1359:
and problematic conduct. This troubled environment can also subject the youth to a significantly higher risk of becoming
1159:
Coalitions are subsystems within families with more rigid boundaries and are thought to be a sign of family dysfunction.
1534:
565:
3357:
3000:
2822:
Resilience in Adult
Children of Alcoholics:A Nonpathological Approach to Social Work Practice, Health & Social Wor
2047:
1866:
179:
1845:
257:
1640:
People who grew up in dysfunctional families often feel that everything that goes wrong in the world is their fault.
938:(fixating on order, prestige, power, or perfect appearances, while preventing their child from failing at anything.)
804:"Tunnel vision" diagnosis of children's problems (for example, a parent may think their child is either lazy or has
3678:
1590:
1394:
1173:
935:
902:
882:
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about the other parent, communicating with the parent through the child (and in the process exposing the child to
139:
103:
3594:
3560:
2042:
482:
253:
161:
55:
2208:
2696:"Childhood trauma, psychosis and schizophrenia: a literature review with theoretical and clinical implications"
1849:
820:
3535:
2298:
3637:
1465:, even in cases where the child's environment consisted of an average/above-average socioeconomic standing.
768:
2695:
2162:"Who becomes addicted and to what? psychosocial predictors of substance and behavioral addictive disorders"
498:
Parents who wish to divorce, but cannot due to financial, societal (including religious), or legal reasons.
334:. Dysfunctional families are primarily a result of two adults, one typically overtly abusive and the other
2860:
2664:
2161:
1564:
1529:
1428:. This disordered upbringing can also promote the child to project aggressive behaviors on their peers by
890:
717:(i.e. one set for the outside world, another when in private, or teaching divergent values to each child.)
539:
367:
1163:
The isolated family member (either a parent or child up against the rest of the otherwise united family.)
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2960:
1569:
1376:
1368:
963:
Inequitable parenting (going to extremes for one child while continually ignoring the needs of another.)
805:
2889:
2074:
1212:
for the family's dysfunction, and placed under even greater stress than those whose parents separate.
1097:"The cheerleader" (one parent "cheers on" the other parent who is simultaneously abusing their child.)
3688:
3642:
3589:
3545:
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1943:
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925:
421:
396:
186:
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2725:
2532:
2444:
2299:"Illustrating the interface of family and peer relations through the study of child maltreatment"
2228:
2189:
2103:
1822:
If You Had
Controlling Parents: How to Make Peace with Your Past and Take Your Place in the World
1760:
1710:
1559:
1524:
1425:
1146:(a much more extreme situation than above, where the child is intentionally made ill by a parent
1137:
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860:
453:
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at an elevated inability to maintain healthy interpersonal relationships, which often includes
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3382:
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3105:
2990:
2894:
2851:
2764:
2717:
2645:
2606:
2575:
2550:
Glasser, M.; Kolvin, I.; Campbell, D.; Glasser, A.; Leitch, I.; Farrelly, S. (December 2001).
2491:
2460:"A Systematic Review of Multiple Family Factors Associated with Oppositional Defiant Disorder"
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771:
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Healing the Child Within: Discovery and
Recovery for Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families
830:) for culturally common, lawful, and age-appropriate activities a child wants to take part in
528:
Parents insist that they treat their children fairly and equitably when that is not the case.
3647:
3319:
3309:
3304:
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3110:
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2985:
2834:. Adult Children of Alcoholics & Dysfunctional Families. Retrieved April 19, 2022, from
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2019:
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Forgiving Our
Parents, Forgiving Ourselves: Healing Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families
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1421:
tendencies that can have detrimental effects on their educational/occupational obligations.
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849:
725:
597:
331:
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A dysfunctional family affects familial ties and creates conflicts in the same family space.
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3299:
3294:
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3174:
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Lundy
Bancroft, "Why Does He Do That? Inside the Minds of Angry and Controlling Men" 2002
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1414:
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778:
635:
449:
404:
339:
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1319:: uses comedy to divert attention away from the increasingly dysfunctional family system.
1000:(parents fail to intervene when a sibling physically or sexually abuses another sibling.)
535:
each other, or refuse to be seen together in public (either unilaterally or bilaterally.)
491:
Between separated or divorced parents, usually related to, or arising from their breakup.
2075:"The role of child sexual abuse in the etiology of suicide and non-suicidal self-injury"
631:
Denial of an "inner life" (children are not allowed to develop their own value systems.)
587:
Unhealthy parenting signs, which could lead to a family becoming dysfunctional include:
3482:
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3397:
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Discussion and exposure to sexuality: either too much, too soon or too little, too late
543:
441:
343:
2680:
2552:"Cycle of child sexual abuse: Links between being a victim and becoming a perpetrator"
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The polarized family (a parent and one or more children on each side of the conflict.)
521:
Lack of time spent together, especially in recreational activities and social events (
17:
3672:
3617:
3412:
3329:
3259:
3159:
2847:
2712:
2536:
2329:
2232:
2193:
2091:
1895:
1410:
1344:
1188:
1181:
1078:
Role reversal (parents who expect their minor children to take care of them instead.)
974:
970:
898:
570:
323:
2832:
Adult Children of Alcoholics & Dysfunctional Families World Service Organization
2776:
2107:
1781:
3540:
3502:
3497:
3324:
3169:
2729:
2177:
1867:
https://www.lifehack.org/350678/13-signs-toxic-parent-that-many-people-dont-realize
1544:
1483:
1458:
1241:
1039:
their children's lives or relationships among siblings—especially minor conflicts.)
957:
794:
692:
668:
425:
335:
1621:(revised and updated ed.). ReadHowYouWant.com (published 2011). p. 222.
966:
2528:
2349:"Procrastination, Negative Self-Evaluation, and Stress in Depression and Anxiety"
1947:
1616:
1393:
These young individuals may also have difficulty forming and maintaining healthy
893:) rather than doing so directly, trying to obtain information through the child (
3422:
3377:
3221:
3115:
3070:
2397:
2360:
1327:
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1013:
834:
685:
511:
445:
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327:
128:
2023:
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3264:
3209:
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3199:
3191:
3179:
3119:
3075:
2807:
2760:
1454:
1433:
1398:
1364:
1272:
1126:"It's taboo" (parents rebuff any questions children may have about sexuality,
1105:
949:
853:
752:
721:
615:
306:
2641:
1752:
1702:
3632:
3339:
3216:
2965:
2594:
2476:
2264:
2224:
1356:
1280:
1127:
990:
986:
953:
816:
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707:
674:
363:
347:
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2721:
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2610:
2579:
2495:
2283:
2185:
2146:
2138:
2099:
1913:
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2551:
546:
have an increased tendency to adopt substance use disorders later in life.
374:
or perpetuation. The family unit can be affected by a variety of factors.
3435:
3372:
3367:
3344:
3289:
3249:
3035:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1429:
1113:
1057:
978:
864:
827:
760:
702:
Being overly critical and withholding proper praise. (experts say 80–90%
622:
606:
507:
478:
435:
371:
2443:. Long Beach Fire Department Training Center. 2009-09-19. Archived from
2423:"Understanding the Behavioral and Emotional Consequences of Child Abuse"
819:
over younger siblings with respect to their age difference and level of
434:
Extremes in conflict (either too much fighting or insufficient peaceful
3362:
3269:
3239:
3152:
3047:
3042:
2825:
2665:"Academic Difficulties Found Within Dysfunctional Family Relationships"
2626:"Risk Factors for Homelessness: Evidence From a Population-Based Study"
1402:
1379:
addictions, or engaging in other future detrimental activities such as
1352:
1192:
1131:
997:
921:
812:
798:
756:
713:
Double standards or giving "mixed messages" by having a dual system of
628:
Stifled speech (children not allowed to dissent or question authority.)
612:
602:
392:
808:
after falling behind in school despite recent absence due to illness.)
3652:
3492:
3487:
3142:
3124:
3052:
3018:
3013:
3008:
2949:
1930:
Forgiving Our Parents: For Adult Children from Dysfunctional Families
1731:
1681:
1413:. Children of disordered environments may also demonstrate a lack of
1007:
982:
894:
886:
714:
703:
640:
532:
515:
410:
319:
399:
towards certain family members, while expressing extreme empathy or
2595:"Early sexual experiences among pregnant and parenting adolescents"
891:
the risks of the other parent's displeasure with that communication
731:
Unfulfilled projects, activities, and promises affecting children (
3477:
3080:
3025:
1657:
Handbook of Relational Diagnosis and Dysfunctional Family Patterns
1446:
1209:
1065:
941:
845:
657:
461:
351:
305:
2464:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
1457:, or facing charges that can result in the individual becoming a
952:, with children not allowed, within reason, to dissent, question
863:(parents, often non-biological, blame common problems on child's
3407:
3147:
3084:
1061:
945:
2922:
1072:
that their child is up to no good or others are plotting harm.)
444:
or unfair treatment of one or more family members due to their
3030:
1343:
The effects of a disordered upbringing may induce an array of
1267:) causes most problems related to the family's dysfunction or
224:
122:
70:
29:
2835:
1932:
by Dwight Lee Wolter c. 1995. Except where individually noted
1390:
as an emotional coping method due to psychological distress.
720:
The absentee parent (seldom available for their child due to
618:(family members not allowed to express the "wrong" emotions.)
993:, or otherwise putting their children's well-being at risk.)
2209:"Family conflict and adolescent compulsive buying behavior"
745:(treats one gender of children fairly; the other unfairly.)
240:
deal primarily with Western culture and do not represent a
342:
or other forms of addiction, or sometimes by an untreated
2918:
2669:
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
1615:
Masteller, James; Stoop, David (1991). "The Blame Game".
881:
One common dysfunctional parental behavior is a parent's
387:
Some features are common to most dysfunctional families:
1510:
Animated television series about dysfunctional families
1308:, quiet one, whose needs are usually ignored or hidden.
667:
Bitterness (regardless of what is said, using a bitter
249:
99:
3610:
3511:
3470:
3421:
3338:
3230:
3190:
3133:
3098:
3063:
2999:
2893:, Arbor Books / Kids of North Jersey Nurses, 1984,
2871:
Homecoming: Reclaiming and Healing Your Inner Child
2796:
European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling
1880:"Theoretical Perspectives on Sibling Relationships"
1060:parent" (a parent having persistent and irrational
738:
Giving to one child what rightly belongs to another
153:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2510:
2073:
1878:Whiteman, S. D.; McHale, S. M.; Soli, A. (2011).
867:, when faulty parenting may be the actual cause.)
2883:The Narcissistic Family. Diagnosis and Treatment
2386:"The Assessment of Dysfunctional Family Systems"
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1051:"Don't tell anyone what goes on in this family"
777:Having an unpredictable emotional state due to
2890:Not My Kid: A Family's Guide to Kids and Drugs
1949:Not My Kid: A Family's Guide to Kids and Drugs
1505:Television series about dysfunctional families
1417:when their parents are not around, or develop
2934:
1952:. Arbor Books / Kids of North Jersey Nurses.
1278:A variant of the "problem child" role is the
1191:family (named after the three-way war in the
238:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
2745:"Development of Adolescent Problem Behavior"
1765:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1715:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1134:, certain private body areas, nudity, etc.)
538:Children of parents who are experiencing a
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3418:
2941:
2927:
2919:
1780:Blair, Justice; Blair, Rita (April 1990).
1449:, or to become involved in gang activity.
2711:
2569:
2485:
2475:
2273:
2263:
2038:"Good parents 'buffer' their kids' minds"
1903:
1150:from physicians and other professionals.)
456:, family role (mother, etc.), abilities,
322:in which conflict, misbehavior and often
294:Learn how and when to remove this message
276:Learn how and when to remove this message
213:Learn how and when to remove this message
531:Family members (including children) who
102:by adding descriptive text and removing
1607:
924:(parents who use physical violence, or
918:who rule by fear and conditional love.)
488:Conflict influenced by marital status:
1925:
1923:
1758:
1708:
1596:Factitious disorder imposed on another
1195:where alliances shift back and forth.)
801:one child for the misdeeds of another)
2830:24. ACA Worldwide. (2022, April 14).
2390:Advances in Clinical Child Psychology
1884:Journal of Family Theory & Review
7:
2826:https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/22.3.201
2749:Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
151:adding citations to reliable sources
2820:23. Palmer, Nancie. (August 1997).
1846:"Praise, encouragement and rewards"
1786:(Revised ed.). Insight Books.
523:"We never do anything as a family."
2517:American Journal of Family Therapy
2353:Procrastination and Task Avoidance
2315:10.1111/j.1467-9507.1994.tb00046.x
1500:Films about dysfunctional families
1100:"Along for the ride" (a reluctant
909:List of other dysfunctional styles
25:
2557:The British Journal of Psychiatry
826:Frequent withholding of consent (
506:Abnormal sexual behavior such as
45:This article has multiple issues.
2865:Healing the Shame That Binds You
2713:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00634.x
2092:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01612.x
1896:10.1111/j.1756-2589.2011.00087.x
1856:from the original on 2019-03-28.
229:
127:
75:
34:
2887:Beth Polson and Miller Newton,
2054:from the original on 2018-03-24
688:for minor misdeeds or accidents
138:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
3446:Genealogical numbering systems
2881:Stephanie Donaldson-Pressman,
2700:Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
2178:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113221
2080:Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
652:"You can't do anything right!"
338:, and may also be affected by
1:
3585:International Day of Families
3245:Australian Aboriginal kinship
2681:10.1016/S1056-4993(18)30295-5
1473:others or even demonstrating
815:given either no or excessive
2824:k, 22 (3) pp. 201–209,
2529:10.1080/01926187.2011.649110
2012:Paediatrics and Child Health
1996:Polson and Newton, pp. 85–86
1987:Polson and Newton, pp. 86–90
1972:Polson and Newton, pp. 81–84
1824:. Diane Publishing Company.
1535:Alcoholism in family systems
1144:MĂĽnchausen syndrome by proxy
948:-like (harsh and inflexible
566:Adult Children of Alcoholics
2694:Reed, J (12 October 2005).
2624:Shelton, Katherine (2015).
2398:10.1007/978-1-4613-9808-0_6
2361:10.1007/978-1-4899-0227-6_7
763:than on established rules (
679:"Do as I say, not as I do."
252:, discuss the issue on the
3705:
2836:https://adultchildren.org/
2072:Maniglio, Roberto (2010).
2024:10.1016/j.paed.2015.12.007
1591:Psychological manipulation
1482:, or becoming a parent of
1174:intergenerational conflict
856:or "something important".)
477:Abnormally high levels of
3546:National Grandparents Day
2956:
2808:10.1080/13642539908400813
2043:The Sydney Morning Herald
1236:): a child who becomes a
797:(knowingly or recklessly
691:Judgmental statements or
2642:10.1176/ps.2009.60.4.465
2246:SepĂşlveda, Rosa (2020).
2160:Zilberman, Noem (2020).
2008:"Children's Attachments"
1850:Raising Children Network
591:Unrealistic expectations
438:between family members.)
3638:Sociology of the family
3488:Philia (brotherly love)
3064:Second-degree relatives
2877:Bradshaw On: The Family
2761:10.1023/A:1021963531607
2593:Kellogg, Nancy (1999).
2509:McNeil, Sharde (2013).
2477:10.3390/ijerph191710866
2421:Sterling, John (2008).
2265:10.3390/children7110225
2225:10.1108/YC-10-2018-0870
2207:Roberts, James (2019).
1363:to drugs or developing
956:, or develop their own
914:"Using" (destructively
728:, or other addictions.)
104:less pertinent examples
3493:Storge (familial love)
3099:Third-degree relatives
3001:First-degree relatives
2790:Walker, Moira (2007).
2347:Flett, Gordon (1995).
2297:Rogosch, Fred (1994).
2139:10.1542/peds.111.3.564
2006:Rees, Corrine (2016).
1820:Neuharth, Dan (1999).
1659:. Wiley-Interscience.
1565:Karpman Drama Triangle
1530:Abnormality (behavior)
932:abuse their children.)
724:, alcohol/drug abuse,
708:constructive criticism
621:Social dysfunction or
540:substance use disorder
420:Inadequate or missing
368:dysfunctional behavior
311:
162:"Dysfunctional family"
18:Dysfunctional families
3602:National Adoption Day
3478:Agape (parental love)
2663:Beal, Edward (1997).
2571:10.1192/bjp.179.6.482
2384:Conger, Rand (1981).
2121:Dube, Shanta (2003).
1570:Multisystemic therapy
1407:personality disorders
1388:binge eating disorder
1369:behavioral addictions
1304:: the inconspicuous,
1022:"Peace at any price."
973:by withholding love,
806:learning disabilities
710:is the most healthy.)
395:, understanding, and
309:
3658:Dysfunctional family
3643:Museum of Motherhood
3590:National Family Week
3456:Quarters of nobility
2905:Charles L. Whitfield
2743:Ary, Dennis (1999).
2630:Psychiatric Services
2458:Xiuyun, Lin (2022).
2392:. pp. 199–242.
2355:. pp. 137–167.
1555:Harry Stack Sullivan
1442:juvenile delinquency
1403:social apprehensions
1244:outside the family (
1047:Public image manager
1033:Helicopter parenting
916:narcissistic parents
872:Dysfunctional styles
859:Disagreements about
783:personality disorder
733:"We'll do it later."
415:elephant in the room
316:dysfunctional family
258:create a new article
250:improve this article
147:improve this article
3628:Wedding anniversary
3580:American Family Day
3536:Father–Daughter Day
3483:Eros (marital love)
3232:Kinship terminology
2166:Psychiatry Research
1653:Kaslow, Florence W.
1581:Parental alienation
1576:Narcissistic parent
1381:compulsive spending
1335:Effects on children
1228:(also known as the
1216:The six basic roles
877:"Children as pawns"
100:improve the article
3388:collateral descent
2303:Social Development
1783:The Abusing Family
1560:Identified patient
1525:Rotten kid theorem
1494:In popular culture
1426:social interaction
1347:issues, including
1172:Parents vs. kids (
1138:Identified patient
861:nature and nurture
454:sexual orientation
350:a child to assume
312:
3679:Family disruption
3666:
3665:
3466:
3465:
3383:Lineal descendant
3353:Bilateral descent
3106:Great-grandparent
2991:Matrifocal family
2817:References Cont.
2407:978-1-4613-9810-3
2370:978-1-4899-0229-0
1744:978-3-642-31709-5
1694:978-3-642-31709-5
1540:Domestic violence
1148:seeking attention
1118:Cinderella effect
1070:false accusations
989:, encouragement,
697:"You are a liar!"
551:Specific examples
542:or who engage in
370:, either through
304:
303:
296:
286:
285:
278:
260:, as appropriate.
223:
222:
215:
197:
121:
120:
68:
16:(Redirected from
3696:
3648:Astronaut family
3419:
3320:Iroquois kinship
3310:Sudanese kinship
3305:Hawaiian kinship
3280:Family of choice
3111:Great-grandchild
2986:Immediate family
2943:
2936:
2929:
2920:
2812:
2811:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2715:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2605:(134): 293–303.
2590:
2584:
2583:
2573:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2514:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2489:
2479:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2334:Medicine science
2328:Erndic, Ozturk.
2325:
2319:
2318:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2277:
2267:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2077:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1907:
1875:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1817:
1798:
1797:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1756:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1706:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1655:(January 1996).
1649:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1612:
1586:Parenting styles
1371:in the forms of
1263:: the child who
634:Being under- or
598:Conditional love
556:belief systems.
383:Nearly universal
299:
292:
281:
274:
270:
267:
261:
233:
232:
225:
218:
211:
207:
204:
198:
196:
155:
131:
123:
116:
113:
107:
79:
78:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3606:
3507:
3462:
3451:Seize quartiers
3417:
3358:Common ancestor
3342:
3334:
3300:Chinese kinship
3295:Nurture kinship
3285:Fictive kinship
3226:
3186:
3175:daughter-in-law
3129:
3094:
3059:
2995:
2981:Conjugal family
2976:Extended family
2952:
2947:
2917:
2875:John Bradshaw,
2869:John Bradshaw,
2843:
2841:Further reading
2815:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2213:Young Consumers
2206:
2205:
2201:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2057:
2055:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1928:
1921:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1865:
1861:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1819:
1818:
1801:
1794:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1757:
1745:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1707:
1695:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1520:
1496:
1419:procrastinating
1415:self-discipline
1337:
1218:
1205:
1157:
1064:accompanied by
1035:" (parents who
1018:temper tantrums
977:, necessities,
911:
879:
874:
844:Either being a
779:substance abuse
662:"Shame on you!"
645:"I don't care!"
636:over-protective
585:
583:Unhealthy signs
580:
562:
553:
471:
450:gender identity
385:
380:
378:Common features
360:
340:substance abuse
300:
289:
288:
287:
282:
271:
265:
262:
247:
234:
230:
219:
208:
202:
199:
156:
154:
144:
132:
117:
111:
108:
97:
80:
76:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3702:
3700:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3671:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3556:Children's Day
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3438:
3433:
3431:Pedigree chart
3427:
3425:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3398:Patrilineality
3395:
3393:Matrilineality
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3315:Eskimo kinship
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3196:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3167:
3165:Sibling-in-law
3162:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3139:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3078:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2971:Nuclear family
2968:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2923:
2916:
2915:External links
2913:
2912:
2911:
2902:
2899:978-0877956334
2885:
2879:
2873:
2867:
2858:
2842:
2839:
2814:
2813:
2802:(3): 281–296.
2782:
2755:(2): 141–150.
2735:
2706:(5): 330–350.
2686:
2675:(3): 579–591.
2655:
2636:(4): 465–472.
2616:
2585:
2564:(6): 482–494.
2542:
2523:(2): 110–120.
2501:
2450:
2447:on 2010-01-31.
2432:
2413:
2406:
2376:
2369:
2339:
2320:
2309:(3): 291–308.
2289:
2238:
2219:(3): 208–218.
2199:
2152:
2133:(3): 564–572.
2113:
2064:
2050:. 2010-09-21.
2029:
2018:(5): 185–193.
1998:
1989:
1980:
1974:
1965:
1959:978-0877956334
1958:
1944:Newton, Miller
1942:Polson, Beth;
1934:
1919:
1890:(2): 124–139.
1870:
1859:
1852:. 2011-04-10.
1837:
1831:978-0788193835
1830:
1799:
1793:978-0306434419
1792:
1772:
1743:
1722:
1693:
1672:
1666:978-0471080787
1665:
1644:
1627:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1550:Family therapy
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1502:
1495:
1492:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1320:
1309:
1294:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1249:
1217:
1214:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1185:
1178:generation gap
1170:
1167:
1164:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1141:
1135:
1124:
1121:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:egalitarianism
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1054:
1043:
1040:
1029:
1025:
1011:
1001:
994:
964:
961:
939:
933:
919:
910:
907:
899:shared custody
878:
875:
873:
870:
869:
868:
857:
842:
838:
831:
824:
809:
802:
792:
789:
775:
755:based more on
749:
746:
739:
736:
729:
718:
711:
700:
689:
682:
672:
665:
655:
648:
638:
632:
629:
626:
619:
610:
600:
595:
592:
584:
581:
579:
576:
561:
558:
552:
549:
548:
547:
544:binge drinking
536:
529:
526:
519:
504:
501:
500:
499:
496:
492:
486:
470:
467:
466:
465:
439:
432:
429:
418:
408:
384:
381:
379:
376:
359:
356:
344:mental illness
302:
301:
284:
283:
244:of the subject
242:worldwide view
237:
235:
228:
221:
220:
135:
133:
126:
119:
118:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
27:Family dynamic
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3701:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3618:Single parent
3616:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3471:Relationships
3469:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3414:
3413:Royal descent
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3330:Omaha kinship
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:Consanguinity
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3160:Parent-in-law
3158:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3135:Family-in-law
3132:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
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2861:John Bradshaw
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2856:0-399-14844-2
2853:
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2848:Berkley Books
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2441:"Child Abuse"
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934:
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705:
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694:
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687:
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676:
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669:tone of voice
666:
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608:
605:; especially
604:
601:
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596:
593:
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589:
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575:
572:
571:group therapy
567:
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345:
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325:
324:child neglect
321:
317:
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298:
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280:
277:
269:
266:February 2023
259:
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217:
214:
206:
195:
192:
188:
185:
181:
178:
174:
171:
167:
164: –
163:
159:
158:Find sources:
152:
148:
142:
141:
136:This article
134:
130:
125:
124:
115:
105:
101:
95:
93:
89:
84:This article
82:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
3657:
3551:Parents' Day
3541:Siblings Day
3531:Father's Day
3519:Mother's Day
3503:Polyfidelity
3498:Filial piety
3423:Family trees
3325:Crow kinship
3275:Estrangement
3170:Child-in-law
3090:Niece/Nephew
2908:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2831:
2829:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2799:
2795:
2785:
2752:
2748:
2738:
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2602:
2598:
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2561:
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2545:
2520:
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2467:
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2453:
2445:the original
2435:
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2333:
2323:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2255:
2251:
2241:
2216:
2212:
2202:
2169:
2165:
2155:
2130:
2126:
2116:
2086:(1): 30–41.
2083:
2079:
2067:
2056:. Retrieved
2041:
2032:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1977:
1968:
1948:
1937:
1929:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1862:
1840:
1821:
1782:
1775:
1737:. Springer.
1732:
1725:
1687:. Springer.
1682:
1675:
1656:
1647:
1639:
1632:. Retrieved
1617:
1610:
1545:Family nexus
1488:
1484:illegitimate
1467:
1459:sex offender
1451:
1439:
1423:
1392:
1385:
1342:
1338:
1323:
1317:Family Clown
1316:
1312:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1279:
1268:
1264:
1261:Truth Teller
1260:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1242:overachiever
1233:
1229:
1226:Golden Child
1225:
1219:
1206:
1158:
1101:
1050:
1037:micro-manage
1021:
996:Abuse among
969:(control or
958:value system
883:manipulation
880:
795:Scapegoating
764:
732:
696:
693:demonization
678:
661:
651:
650:Belittling (
644:
586:
564:The program
563:
560:Laundry List
554:
522:
472:
426:sexual abuse
405:marginalized
386:
361:
315:
313:
290:
272:
263:
239:
209:
200:
190:
183:
176:
169:
157:
145:Please help
140:verification
137:
109:
98:Please help
86:may contain
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
3689:Child abuse
3378:Inheritance
3363:Family name
3222:Stepsibling
3116:Great-uncle
3071:Grandparent
2599:Adolescence
2258:(11): 225.
1734:Proceedings
1684:Proceedings
1471:distrusting
1405:, possible
1377:pornography
1328:opportunist
1306:introverted
1302:Passive Kid
1130:, romance,
1028:currently.)
1014:Appeasement
1004:Abandonment
991:supervision
967:Deprivation
926:emotionally
835:know-it-all
686:forgiveness
616:intolerance
512:promiscuity
483:controlling
446:birth order
401:appeasement
397:sensitivity
336:codependent
3673:Categories
3623:Only child
3568:Family Day
3441:Ahnentafel
3403:Progenitor
3265:Disownment
3210:stepmother
3205:stepfather
3200:Stepparent
3192:Stepfamily
3180:son-in-law
3120:Great-aunt
3076:Grandchild
2427:Pediatrics
2172:: 113221.
2127:Pediatrics
2058:2012-06-13
1634:20 October
1603:References
1486:children.
1455:pedophilia
1399:peer group
1365:alcoholism
1349:depression
1324:Mastermind
1298:Lost Child
1189:balkanized
950:discipline
854:retirement
828:"blessing"
769:punishment
759:or family
753:discipline
603:Disrespect
495:children.)
485:behaviors.
422:boundaries
348:misleading
203:April 2019
173:newspapers
112:April 2019
92:irrelevant
50:improve it
3684:Parenting
3633:Godparent
3340:Genealogy
3217:Stepchild
2966:Household
2537:143617044
2233:199853490
2194:219559890
1761:cite book
1753:802337663
1711:cite book
1703:802337663
1434:harassing
1401:, due to
1357:self-harm
1291:Caretaker
1281:Scapegoat
1155:Dynamical
1128:pregnancy
987:attention
954:authority
817:authority
743:prejudice
675:Hypocrisy
623:isolation
613:Emotional
578:Parenting
481:or other
364:reinforce
254:talk page
88:excessive
56:talk page
3512:Holidays
3436:Genogram
3373:Heredity
3368:Heirloom
3290:Marriage
3255:Affinity
3250:Adoption
3036:daughter
2777:10140462
2769:10400060
2722:16223421
2650:19339321
2611:10494978
2580:11731348
2496:36078582
2284:33187289
2252:Children
2186:32562935
2147:12612237
2108:35525949
2100:20946202
2052:Archived
1946:(1984).
1914:21731581
1854:Archived
1518:See also
1480:pregnant
1475:paranoid
1463:homeless
1430:bullying
1373:gambling
1361:addicted
1273:acts out
1234:Superkid
1203:Children
1114:adoptive
1102:de facto
1058:paranoid
998:siblings
979:sympathy
942:Dogmatic
930:sexually
865:heredity
821:maturity
813:siblings
785:(s), or
761:politics
757:emotions
726:gambling
684:Lack of
607:contempt
594:Ridicule
508:adultery
479:jealousy
452:), age,
391:Lack of
372:enabling
358:Examples
248:You may
94:examples
3611:Related
3345:lineage
3270:Divorce
3240:Kinship
3153:husband
3048:brother
3043:Sibling
2961:History
2730:5324960
2487:9517877
2275:7696176
1905:3127252
1353:anxiety
1193:Balkans
1132:puberty
1008:orphans
975:support
971:neglect
922:Abusing
850:scrooge
799:blaming
751:Faulty
741:Gender
442:Unequal
436:arguing
393:empathy
187:scholar
3653:Incest
3573:Canada
3143:Spouse
3125:Cousin
3053:sister
3019:father
3014:mother
3009:Parent
2950:Family
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2728:
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1326:: the
1313:Mascot
1210:blamed
1110:foster
1084:Ultra-
983:praise
895:spying
887:gossip
811:Older
787:stress
715:values
704:praise
641:Apathy
533:disown
516:incest
411:Denial
332:normal
320:family
189:
182:
175:
168:
160:
3561:Japan
3081:Uncle
3026:Child
2773:S2CID
2726:S2CID
2533:S2CID
2229:S2CID
2190:S2CID
2104:S2CID
1572:(MST)
1447:crime
1259:, or
1257:Rebel
1112:, or
1066:anger
1056:"The
928:, or
846:miser
841:etc.)
833:The "
658:Shame
514:, or
462:caste
352:blame
328:abuse
318:is a
256:, or
194:JSTOR
180:books
3524:U.S.
3408:Clan
3343:and
3148:wife
3085:Aunt
2895:ISBN
2852:ISBN
2765:PMID
2718:PMID
2646:PMID
2607:PMID
2576:PMID
2492:PMID
2402:ISBN
2365:ISBN
2280:PMID
2182:PMID
2143:PMID
2096:PMID
1954:ISBN
1910:PMID
1826:ISBN
1788:ISBN
1767:link
1749:OCLC
1739:ISBN
1717:link
1699:OCLC
1689:ISBN
1661:ISBN
1636:2019
1623:ISBN
1351:and
1322:The
1311:The
1296:The
1289:The
1251:The
1246:e.g.
1230:Hero
1224:The
1187:The
1106:step
1068:and
1062:fear
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765:e.g.
458:race
366:the
166:news
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2804:doi
2757:doi
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1900:PMC
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