29:
400:-based network with access capacities of 64 kbit/s in 14 countries. However, the switches were already equipped with 2 Mbit/s access ports and the first of these was brought into service before the end of 1992. In the first months of 1993, a new IP pilot service supported the carriage of IP packets by X.25. The first native IP port was installed in the second quarter of 1993. By this time, the name IXI had clearly become inappropriate and the network was renamed EMPB.
569:
individual user requirements. GÉANT offers very large network capacities: key routes on the GÉANT network run at 40 Gbit/s and upgrades to 100 Gbit/s are in progress. The GÉANT Network
Operations Centre run by DANTE provides effective and efficient operations. GÉANT offers the services needed for a seamless networking experience: IP and dedicated circuits, testbeds and virtualised resources, monitoring and troubleshooting, and advisory and support services.
573:
bandwidth. The connectivity services are supported by a range of network monitoring, security and support services aimed at optimising the network performance, These services work to provide seamless access to the infrastructure and enhanced monitoring to identify and remedy any incidents that disrupt the data flow and by eliminating attempts to disrupt service by maintaining high levels of network security.
461:
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secretariat to manage the various sub-projects. One of the sub-projects of COSINE aimed to create a backbone network interconnecting the national research networks of the participating countries. The first two generations of the
European backbone were developed as part of COSINE: IXI (International X.25 Infrastructure Backbone Service) and EMPB (European Multi-Protocol Backbone).
220:
association as their joint
European organisation. The first few years were dominated by the Co-operation for Open Systems Interconnection Networking in Europe (COSINE) project (1985-1993). RARE was tasked with he execution of the project and created a COSINE Project Management Unit (CPMU) within its
407:
EuropaNet 1995-1997. This was the first network managed by DANTE, using
British Telecom's International Backbone Data Network Service (IBDNS) as the carrier. Access ports were available in capacities from 64 kbit/s to 8 Mbit/s for the IP service and 64 or 128 kbit/s for X.25. In July
426:
TEN-155 1998-2001. TEN-155 was co-funded by the
European Union through a project in the EU's Fourth Framework Programme called QUANTUM (October 1998 - May 2000). At the start, the network had access capacities of 155 Mbit/s in eight European countries. Many upgrades followed, and by December
403:
EMPB (European Multi-Protocol
Backbone) 1992-1995. During the 37 months of operation several upgrades were made to the initial configuration. Four Central European countries joined the network. Research networks upgraded their access capacity to 2 Mbit/s, trunk circuits on the busiest routes
224:
By 1991, consensus was growing that it would make sense to split off RARE's
Operational Unit from the association. In May 1991 RARE created a task force to examine the possibility of creating a new entity to take responsibility for the provision of pan-European backbone services; the task force's
581:
Connectivity between GÉANT and research networks in North
America is part of the EU-funded projects mentioned above. In addition, DANTE is involved in a number of EU-funded projects to provide connectivity between GÉANT and research networks in other world regions. These include ORIENTPLUS for
430:
GÉANT 2001-2005. The GÉANT network was co-funded by the
European Union through a project in the Fifth Framework Programme called GN1 (November 2000 - October 2004). GÉANT consisted of a core network at 10 Gbit/s, complemented by 2.5 Gbit/s connections, with smaller outlying countries
568:
GÉANT offers the robustness that large research projects rely on; they require outstanding service availability and service quality. Over 10,000 terabytes of data are transferred every day via the GÉANT IP backbone. GÉANT's flexibility means that services and infrastructure can be tailored to
572:
Access to the GÉANT network provides the standard, high-bandwidth IP connectivity (GÉANT IP). In addition, GÉANT offers virtual private networks created by reserving capacity on the network backbone (GÉANT Plus and GÉANT Lambda). These specialised point-to-point connections provide dedicated
565:). Together GÉANT and the NRENs connect 40 million researchers and students across Europe, facilitating collaborative research in a diverse range of disciplines, including high-energy physics, radio astronomy, bio-medicine, climate change, earth observation, and arts and culture.
442:
GÉANT 2009-2013. It was decided to use the name GÉANT for the next-generation backbone, rather than GÉANT3. The new GÉANT network was co-funded by the
European Union through a project in the Seventh Framework Programme called GN3 (April 2009 - March
1181:
434:
GÉANT2 2006-2009. The GÉANT2 network was co-funded by the European Union through a project in the Sixth Framework Programme called GN2 (September 2004 - August 2008). GÉANT2 was the first generation set up as a
408:
1996 the EuropaNet IP service was moved from IBDNS to the new Integrated Network Connection Service (INCS) and remained there until March 1998 when the last NRENs moved their traffic to the new TEN-34 backbone.
416:
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connectivity to China, TEIN3 for connectivity to the Asia-Pacific region, EUMEDCONNECT3 for the southern and eastern Mediterranean, CAREN for Central Asia, and AfricaConnect for sub-Saharan Africa.
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on 6 July 1993. Initially all shares were owned by RARE, but on 25 March 1994 RARE transferred its shares to eleven NRENs and government agencies. On 20 October 1994 RARE changed its name to
217:
190:
1211:
1191:
233:. The company was incorporated on 30 March 1993 as Operational Unit Ltd. and changed its name to DANTE Ltd. on 2 July 1993. The organisation was launched at an event at
446:
GÉANT 2013-2015. Funding of the GÉANT network was continued through a successor project in the Seventh Framework Programme called GN3PLUS (April 2013 - March 2015).
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proposals were accepted by the RARE membership in December 1991. After a comparison of alternatives it was decided to found the Operational Unit as a
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IXI and EMPB were the first two generations of the backbone network interconnecting the national research networks in Europe, known today as
67:
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177:) is a not-for-profit company that plans, builds and operates the consecutive generations of the backbone network that interconnects the
623:
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IXI (International X.25 Infrastructure Backbone Service) 1990-1992. IXI was funded by a large number of national governments and the
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pan-European backbone network, and previously operated the earlier-generation EuropaNET, TEN-34, TEN-155, GÉANT and GÉANT2 networks.
544:
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Roberto Sabatino & Jose Manuel de Arce (1999). "Implementation of the pan-European academic research network: TEN-155".
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635:. 4th European RARE workshop: Computer Networks and ISDN Systems. Vol. 16. Les Diablerets, Switzerland.
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were upgraded to 8 Mbit/s, and 4 Mbit/s access ports were made available and became operational.
17:
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340:, respectively. Other NRENs were given the opportunity to buy shares later; this offer was taken up by
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419:(February 1996 - December 1998). TEN-34 offered speeds of 34 Mbit/s using both IP and
1086:"Multi-Gigabit European Research and Education Network and Associated Services (GN3PLUS)"
193:(RARE). Ownership was transferred to a number of NRENs and government agencies in 1994.
42:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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backbone network that interconnects Europe's National Research and Education Networks (
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1060:"Multi-gigabit european research and education network and associated services (GN3)"
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439:, offering switched point-to-point connections in addition to normal IP traffic.
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1134:
A History of International Research Networking: The People who Made it Happen
907:
A History of International Research Networking: The People who made it happen
808:
A History of International Research Networking: The People who made it happen
723:
A History of International Research Networking: The People who made it happen
663:
A History of International Research Networking: The People who made it happen
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2000 TEN-155 had trunk lines of 34/45, 155, 2Ă—155, 3Ă—155 and 622 Mbit/s.
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1108:"Linking European and Chinese Research Infrastructures and Communities"
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66:
40:. The reason given is: it is unclear what DANTE now is or what it was.
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372:) in 2002, bringing the total number of shareholders to fifteen.
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Information technology organisations based in the United Kingdom
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384:. The consecutive generations can be characterised as follows.
189:
and was formed in 1993 as a limited liability company owned by
454:
22:
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TEN-34 1997-1998. The backbone network was co-funded by the
557:
DANTE Ltd. currently operates the third generation of the
208:
At a first European research networking workshop, held in
196:
DANTE Ltd. currently operates the third generation of the
953:"Quality network technology for user-oriented multimedia"
1166:
157:
629:
COSINE implementation phase: the view from a major site
909:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 93–110, 135–149, 235–250.
332:). Later INFN and RedIRIS transferred their shares to
1197:
Non-profit organisations based in the United Kingdom
931:"Trans-European Network interconnect at 34-155 mbps"
695:. INET conference. Internet Society. Archived from
485:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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171:Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe
60:Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe
801:
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774:Jean-Paul Nadreau & Oliver B. Popov (2001).
181:(NRENs) in Europe. The organisation is based in
1034:"Multi-gigabit European academic network (GN2)"
776:Networking developments in the Caucasus region
1132:Howard Davies & Beatrice Bressan (2010).
905:Howard Davies & Beatrice Bressan (2010).
806:Howard Davies & Beatrice Bressan (2010).
721:Howard Davies & Beatrice Bressan (2010).
661:Howard Davies & Beatrice Bressan (2010).
191:Réseaux Associés pour la Recherche Européenne
8:
59:
229:under English law with its headquarters in
58:
987:
602:. The JNT Association. pp. 127–128.
545:Learn how and when to remove this message
1212:Science and technology in Cambridgeshire
1192:National research and education networks
431:connected at 34, 155 or 622 Mbit/s.
179:national research and education networks
590:
244:The original eleven shareholders were
415:through a project in the EU's Fourth
7:
483:adding citations to reliable sources
376:Generations of the European backbone
725:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 41–47.
1207:Research and development in Europe
1036:. 1 September 2004. Archived from
976:Computer Networks and ISDN Systems
396:project COSINE. IXI started as an
14:
1202:Organisations based in Cambridge
870:. NORDUnet A/S. pp. 81–85.
459:
65:
27:
810:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 48.
689:Europe: Organizational Overview
665:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 41.
470:needs additional citations for
1062:. 1 April 2009. Archived from
833:RARE/TERENA Annual Report 1994
598:Christopher S. Cooper (2010).
1:
998:10.1016/s1389-1286(99)00101-2
761:DANTE Annual Report 1993-1994
747:DANTE Annual Report 1993-1994
641:10.1016/0169-7552(88)90033-5
235:St John's College, Cambridge
1228:
861:Kaarina Lehtisalo (2005).
749:. DANTE. 1994. p. 17.
15:
763:. DANTE. 1994. p. 6.
600:JANET: The First 25 Years
227:company limited by shares
93:Company limited by shares
64:
36:This article needs to be
864:The History of NORDUnet
846:Jeroen Verhoog (2008).
850:. SURFnet. p. 70.
831:Frode Greisen (1995).
216:decided to create the
18:Dante (disambiguation)
1012:"Geant Network (GN1)"
451:Current GÉANT network
1040:on 27 September 2013
835:. TERENA. p. 7.
686:Tomaz Kalin (1992).
479:improve this article
16:For other uses, see
624:Carpenter, Brian E.
577:Global connectivity
417:Framework Programme
390:European Commission
101:Research networking
61:
1187:Internet in Europe
437:dark fibre network
148:Board of directors
1147:978-3-527-32710-2
1014:. 1 November 2001
982:(21): 2253–2261.
933:. 1 February 1996
916:978-3-527-32710-2
877:978-87-990712-0-3
848:SURFnet 1988-2008
817:978-3-527-32710-2
789:978-1-58603-179-4
732:978-3-527-32710-2
672:978-3-527-32710-2
609:978-0-9549207-2-2
555:
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364:) in 2000 and by
212:in May 1985, the
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477:Please help
472:verification
469:
392:through the
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174:
170:
169:
106:Headquarters
90:Legal status
74:Abbreviation
45:
37:
330:Switzerland
322:Netherlands
85:6 July 1993
1176:Categories
1114:19 October
891:2012-08-15
586:References
505:newspapers
370:Luxembourg
210:Luxembourg
144:Main organ
1138:Wiley-VCH
1044:12 August
1018:12 August
984:CiteSeerX
959:12 August
937:12 August
780:IOS Press
706:8 October
646:8 October
294:HUNGARNET
231:Cambridge
183:Cambridge
134:President
110:Cambridge
82:Formation
48:July 2024
302:NORDUnet
282:Portugal
258:Slovenia
246:Ariadnet
1070:20 July
519:scholar
494:"DANTE"
366:RESTENA
362:Ireland
342:RENATER
318:SURFnet
310:RedIRIS
298:Hungary
274:Germany
204:History
153:Website
138:Bob Day
98:Purpose
38:updated
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443:2013).
394:EUREKA
358:HEAnet
350:CESNET
348:) and
346:France
326:SWITCH
324:) and
250:Greece
239:TERENA
160:.dante
127:Europe
885:(PDF)
868:(PDF)
700:(PDF)
693:(PDF)
633:(PDF)
563:NRENs
559:GÉANT
526:JSTOR
512:books
382:GÉANT
314:Spain
286:HEFCE
266:Italy
254:ARNES
214:NRENs
198:GÉANT
175:DANTE
77:DANTE
1142:ISBN
1116:2013
1094:2013
1072:2012
1046:2012
1020:2012
961:2012
939:2012
911:ISBN
872:ISBN
812:ISBN
784:ISBN
727:ISBN
708:2011
667:ISBN
648:2011
604:ISBN
498:news
398:X.25
338:CSIC
336:and
334:GARR
278:FCCN
262:INFN
218:RARE
162:.net
994:doi
637:doi
481:by
421:ATM
316:),
308:),
300:),
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270:DFN
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