1052:
22:
2402:
2260:
1879:
1693:
2056:
616:
2395:
2253:
148:
1872:
2025:
1015:
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2246:
2527:
1865:
2507:
2522:
1473:
51:
1128:
1581:
67:
2471:
2354:
2211:
2512:
2015:
1467:
1211:
1001:
476:
434:
2466:
2349:
2191:
1905:
1086:
728:
1724:
91:
714:
1575:
798:
1518:
602:
1056:
686:
672:
2517:
2283:
2066:
2035:
1029:
630:
368:
56:
969:
1714:
1713:
National
Research Council (U.S.). National Research Network Review Committee, Leonard Kleinrock; et al. (1988).
43:
1051:
812:
452:
47:
1969:
1773:"MRnet Manitoba Research Network - Enhancing Education and Research Through Advanced High Speed Optical Networks"
905:
113:
2238:
2076:
2005:
1688:
1329:
987:
658:
1942:
2380:
1857:
840:
2126:
826:
644:
32:
1608:
36:
355:
2456:
2339:
2161:
979:
1819:
1161:
558:
1563:
1245:
60:
1395:
1593:
202:
1965:
1720:
1180:
1167:
899:
488:
160:
71:
1599:
1569:
506:
319:
196:
184:
2100:
1999:
1669:
1512:
1389:
1239:
1146:
955:
933:
770:
748:
380:
276:
258:
233:
224:
128:
1995:
1663:
1651:
1587:
1335:
1198:
1140:
1122:
1060:
927:
531:
United States – although advocated since the 1980s, the U.S. does not have one single NREN.
440:
386:
337:
331:
264:
252:
154:
2476:
2359:
2176:
2171:
2151:
1192:
1155:
214:
190:
1847:
1071:- CooperaciĂłn Latino Americana de Redes Avanzadas (Association of Latin American NRENs)
734:
2501:
2086:
1852:
975:
846:
700:
1793:
2120:
2039:
1035:
804:
790:
2070:
1979:
919:
636:
608:
2060:
622:
584:
1937:
860:
548:
121:
2435:
2425:
2313:
2303:
2096:
2090:
2080:
2009:
1975:
1929:
1675:
1639:
1508:
1431:
1371:
1257:
1225:
1221:
1068:
993:
913:
776:
742:
706:
664:
482:
117:
2451:
2430:
2334:
2206:
2186:
2181:
2156:
2019:
1989:
1913:
1657:
1542:
1461:
1419:
1413:
1383:
1365:
1323:
1311:
1007:
961:
947:
889:
650:
166:
307:
131:, often offering dedicated channels for individual research projects.
2318:
2308:
2293:
2288:
2201:
2116:
2106:
2029:
1985:
1633:
1437:
1377:
1353:
1299:
1293:
1281:
1263:
1233:
1215:
1186:
1116:
1021:
941:
784:
756:
720:
678:
494:
470:
416:
410:
398:
392:
374:
218:
134:
In recent years NRENs have developed many 'above the net' services.
2461:
2344:
2298:
2196:
2166:
1620:
1614:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1489:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1401:
1347:
1341:
1317:
1305:
1229:
1080:
1050:
818:
692:
592:
404:
172:
2130:
2110:
1921:
1645:
1485:
1425:
1407:
1359:
1287:
1269:
1134:
832:
762:
568:
270:
2384:
2242:
1861:
1820:"CEENet - Central and Eastern European Networking Associations"
1242:- Central and Eastern European Research Networking Association
422:
1251:
1104:
15:
1098:
2269:
Research and education computer networks in the Asia
Pacific
1694:
Libraries and the US National
Research and Education Network
1074:
512:
349:
1740:
1479:
854:
446:
301:
208:
178:
1495:
1110:
458:
325:
313:
1823:
500:
298:- West and Central African Research and Education Network
54:
and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as
2411:
Research and education computer networks in
Central Asia
1888:
Research and education computer networks in the
Americas
1275:
295:
282:
149:
UbuntuNet
Alliance for Research and Education Networking
127:
It is usually distinguished by support for a high-speed
1772:
1760:
1228:
backbone network on behalf of
European NRENs. Formerly
518:
246:
1092:
464:
343:
578:
2444:
2416:
2327:
2274:
2144:
2049:
1958:
1951:
1893:
151:- the Alliance of NRENs of East and Southern Africa
428:
1557:
1741:"LEARN: Lonestar Education and Research Network"
1794:"New High-speed Fibre Optic Data Link to ALMA"
2396:
2254:
1873:
8:
249:- Arab States Research and Education Network
35:, which are uninformative and vulnerable to
50:and maintains a consistent citation style.
2403:
2389:
2381:
2261:
2247:
2239:
1955:
1880:
1866:
1858:
1636:- Russian University Network, Russian NREN
350:Eko-Konnect Research and Education Network
116:dedicated to supporting the needs of the
92:Learn how and when to remove this message
2528:National research and education networks
877:
536:
358:- Liberia Research and Education Network
2508:Academic computer network organizations
2489:National research and education network
2372:National research and education network
2228:National research and education network
1705:
1488:- United Kingdom NREN, operator of the
1129:Universidad TecnolĂłgica Centroamericana
106:national research and education network
2523:Research and development organizations
1566:- Mediterranean/North African Backbone
1212:European Academic and Research Network
401:- China Education and Research Network
395:- China Science and Technology Network
1853:Research and Education Networking FAQ
1416:- Netherlands NREN (formerly SURFnet)
7:
1055:High-speed Fibre Optic Data Link to
521:- Trans Eurasia Information Network
42:Please consider converting them to
1716:Toward a National Research Network
14:
1201:- NREN of the Dominican Republic
138:List of NRENs by geographic area
20:
1800:. European Southern Observatory
467:- Islamic Republic of Iran NREN
371:- Asia-Pacific Advanced Network
2513:Higher education organizations
1248:- South Mediterranean Backbone
124:communities within a country.
46:to ensure the article remains
1:
1224:- Develops and maintains the
1822:. 2012-04-03. Archived from
2544:
1743:. Tx-learn.org. 2022-09-30
1189:- Trinidad and Tobago NREN
2485:
2368:
2220:
906:Newfoundland and Labrador
114:internet service provider
1689:Information superhighway
1330:Deutsches Forschungsnetz
1152:Arandu - Paraguayan NREN
1131:(UNITEC) - Honduran NREN
659:Illinois Century Network
143:East and Southern Africa
1218:after merging with RARE
290:West and Central Africa
1719:. National Academies.
1170:CNTI?- Venezuelan NREN
1064:
1611:Palestinian Authority
1054:
2518:Internet terminology
1761:https://www.the.net/
1422:(PSNC) - Polish NREN
1119:- El Salvadoran NREN
980:Prince Edward Island
334:- CĂ´te d'Ivoire NREN
230:Xnet - Namibian NREN
221:- South African NREN
1672:- Turkmenistan NREN
1332:(DFN) - German NREN
559:National LambdaRail
112:) is a specialised
1609:Birzeit Uni/AlQuds
1107:- Costa Rican NREN
1077:- Argentinian NREN
1065:
491:- Singaporean NREN
473:- New Zealand NREN
389:- Bangladeshi NREN
383:- Afghanistan NREN
2495:
2494:
2378:
2377:
2236:
2235:
2140:
2139:
1848:Terena Compendium
1678:- Uzbekistan NREN
1660:- Kazakhstan NREN
1560:Saudi Arabia NREN
1515:backbone network
1428:- Portuguese NREN
1410:- Montenegro NREN
1392:- Macedonian NREN
1386:- Luxembourg NREN
1380:- Lithuanian NREN
1368:- Kazakhstan NREN
1348:KIFU/NIIF Program
1214:- Predecessor of
1149:- Panamanian NREN
1143:- Nicaraguan NREN
1125:- Guatemalan NREN
1113:- Ecuadorian NREN
1042:
1041:
867:
866:
509:- Vietnamese NREN
485:- Philippine NREN
437:- Sri Lankan NREN
431:- Indonesian NREN
377:- Australian NREN
340:- Senegalese NREN
187:- Mozambican NREN
102:
101:
94:
52:Several templates
2535:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2382:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2240:
1956:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1859:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1769:
1763:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1710:
1666:- Kyrgyzian NREN
1602:Palestinian NREN
1545:- Norwegian NREN
1533:- Icelandic NREN
1503:Nordic countries
1482:- Ukrainian NREN
1458:- Slovakian NREN
1452:- Slovenian NREN
1404:- Moldovian NREN
1350:- Hungarian NREN
1290:- Bulgarian NREN
1183:- Caribbean NREN
1164:- Uruguayan NREN
1101:- Colombian NREN
1089:- Brazilian NREN
934:British Columbia
878:
537:
497:- Taiwanese NREN
479:- Pakistani NREN
449:- Malaysian NREN
413:- Hong Kong NREN
227:- Tanzanian NREN
163:- Ethiopian NREN
129:backbone network
97:
90:
86:
83:
77:
75:
64:
24:
23:
16:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2481:
2440:
2412:
2409:
2379:
2374:
2364:
2323:
2270:
2267:
2237:
2232:
2216:
2177:Gigabit Seattle
2172:Gigabit Chicago
2136:
2045:
1947:
1889:
1886:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1829:
1827:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1755:
1746:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1685:
1654:- Georgian NREN
1648:Azerbaijan NREN
1630:
1554:
1505:
1434:- Romanian NREN
1338:- Georgian NREN
1320:- Estonian NREN
1302:- Croatian NREN
1272:Azerbaijan NREN
1266:- Austrian NREN
1260:- Armenian NREN
1208:
1177:
1158:- Peruvian NREN
1083:- Bolivian NREN
1049:
528:
515:- Cambodia NREN
443:- Japanese NREN
365:
352:- Nigerian NREN
346:- Nigerian NREN
328:- Nigerien NREN
316:- Ghanaian NREN
310:- Togolese NREN
304:- Ghanaian NREN
292:
279:- Sudanese NREN
273:- Algerian NREN
267:- Egyptian NREN
261:- Moroccan NREN
255:- Tunisian NREN
243:
211:- Sudanese NREN
181:- Malawian NREN
169:- Malagasy NREN
145:
140:
98:
87:
81:
78:
66:
55:
41:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2541:
2539:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2500:
2499:
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2486:
2483:
2482:
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2479:
2474:
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2459:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2442:
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2438:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2385:
2376:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2243:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2124:
2114:
2104:
2094:
2084:
2074:
2064:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2033:
2023:
2013:
2003:
1993:
1983:
1973:
1962:
1960:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1932:
1927:Latin America:
1924:
1916:
1908:
1899:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1862:
1856:
1855:
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1843:
1842:External links
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1606:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1590:Jordanian NREN
1585:
1584:- Israeli NREN
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1540:
1539:- Swedish NREN
1534:
1528:
1527:- Finnish NREN
1522:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1493:
1483:
1477:
1476:- Turkish NREN
1471:
1465:
1464:- Spanish NREN
1459:
1453:
1447:
1446:- Serbian NREN
1441:
1440:- Russian NREN
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1398:- Maltese NREN
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1374:- Latvian NREN
1369:
1363:
1362:- Italian NREN
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1308:- Cypriot NREN
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1284:- Belgian NREN
1279:
1278:- Belarus NREN
1273:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1219:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1196:
1195:- Jamaica NREN
1190:
1184:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1137:- Mexican NREN
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1095:- Chilean NREN
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1004:
998:
997:
990:
984:
983:
972:
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965:
958:
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951:
944:
938:
937:
930:
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923:
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910:
909:
902:
896:
895:
892:
886:
885:
882:
874:
873:
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868:
865:
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857:
851:
850:
843:
837:
836:
829:
823:
822:
815:
809:
808:
801:
795:
794:
787:
781:
780:
773:
767:
766:
759:
753:
752:
745:
739:
738:
735:North Carolina
731:
725:
724:
717:
711:
710:
703:
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696:
689:
683:
682:
675:
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256:
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239:
238:
237:
236:- Zambian NREN
231:
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212:
206:
200:
194:
193:- Ugandan NREN
188:
182:
176:
170:
164:
158:
152:
144:
141:
139:
136:
100:
99:
44:full citations
28:
26:
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2087:Merit Network
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2050:United States
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2017:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2001:
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1981:
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1826:on 2012-04-03
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1036:Saskatchewan
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82:August 2022
2502:Categories
2487:See also:
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2370:See also:
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2145:Historical
1830:2022-11-28
1804:20 January
1779:2022-11-28
1747:2022-11-28
1700:References
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