951:
156:
992:"Reasonable adjustment" or, as it is known in some other jurisdictions, 'reasonable accommodation', is the radical concept that makes the DDA 1995 so different from the older legislation. Instead of the rather passive approach of indirect discrimination (where someone can take action if they have been disadvantaged by a policy, practice or criterion that a body with duties under the law has adopted), reasonable adjustment is an active approach that requires employers, service providers etc. to take steps to remove barriers from disabled people's participation. For example:
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Sometimes there may be no reasonable adjustment, and the outcome is that a disabled person is treated less favourably. For example, if a person was not able to understand the implications of entering into a mortgage or loan agreement, and they did not have anyone authorised to act for them, it would
815:
guaranteed minimum standards for equality on grounds of race and gender, there had been very little concerning disabled people. Prior to the DDA, the first attempt to deal with the issue of disability was the
Disabled Persons (Employment) Act 1944. This made it a legal requirement for companies with
1165:
Where the cause of the taking of proceedings is e.g. rent arrears which was caused by the disability e.g. by
Housing Benefit being cancelled through non response to correspondence and the non response was caused by the disability, then not only is it discrimination, but it is discrimination which
1022:
not make sense to require a bank or building society to enter into that agreement. The Act therefore permits employers and service providers to justify less favourable treatment (and in some instances failure to make a reasonable adjustment) in certain circumstances.
173:
An Act to make it unlawful to discriminate against disabled persons in connection with employment, the provision of goods, facilities and services or the disposal or management of premises; to make provision about the employment of disabled persons; and to establish a
914:, which completed the implementation of the Disability Rights Task Force recommendations, including the extension of the DDA 1995 to cover public transport, and the introduction of a duty on public authorities to promote equality for disabled people.
1025:
An example would be a medieval castle open for public tours that didn't have modifications made for wheelchairs. To do so would destroy the castle's historical aspects such as the restrictive nature of the original circular staircases.
1154:
The system of protection of disabled people, especially those with mental health problems to keep their homes, has been greatly enhanced by certain recent rulings in the UK Court of Appeal—City of
Manchester v Romano.
929:(EHRC). The EHRC took on this role from 1 October 2007, and has powers to issue guidance on and enforce all the equality enactments (covering race, sex, disability, religion and belief, sexual orientation and age).
1006:
The
Disability Rights Commission's Codes of Practice give more information to bodies with duties on assessing whether a particular adjustment is reasonable. In general, the factors to consider would include:
1158:
Under the act it is unlawful to discriminate against a disabled person by evicting them or subjecting them to other detriment unless justified under the limited number of justifications set out in the act.
907:
The
Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (Amendment) Regulations 2003, and the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (Pensions) Regulations 2003 which amended the DDA in line with the EU employment directive.
1162:
In practice the only relevant justification is that the landlord believes and also that it is objectively necessary for the protection of the health or safety of the disabled person or someone else.
859:
The Act placed duties on service providers and required "reasonable adjustments" to be made when providing access to goods, facilities, services and premises. These were introduced in three stages:
1202:
The judges were very worried about the extent of the law and urged
Parliament to change it. However, there has since been a new act of Parliament and there was no weakening of this protection.
421:
866:
Since 1 October 2002, service providers have had to make 'reasonable adjustments' for disabled people, such as providing extra help or making changes to the way they provide their services.
904:
The
Private Hire Vehicles (Carriage of Guide Dogs etc.) Act 2002, which prevented operators of such vehicles refusing to take assistance dogs, or making additional charges for such dogs.
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Since 1 October 2004, service providers may have to make other 'reasonable adjustments' in relation to the physical features of their premises to overcome physical barriers to access.
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66:
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over 250 employees to employ a quota of disabled persons. This failed as there was not now anyone appointed to monitor these rights and as such was toothless.
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558:
1281:
1399:
The
Disability Discrimination Codes of Practice (Employment and Occupation, and Trade Organisations and Qualifications Bodies) Appointed Day Order 2004
807:, and at least 100,000 people in demonstrations, to force the government to end state and business discrimination against disabled people. While the
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Since 2 December 1994, it has been unlawful for service providers to treat disabled people less favourably for a reason related to their disability;
411:
1488:
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inserted new provisions in Part 4 of the DDA 1995 in connection with disability discrimination in schools and other educational establishments;
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councils are likely to find it reasonable to provide information in alternative formats (such as large print) as well as normal written form.
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combats discrimination. Equivalent legislation exists in
Northern Ireland, which is enforced by the Northern Ireland Equality Commission.
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train are of a contrasting colour to assist visually impaired passengers. This is a reasonable adjustment in respect of the DDA.
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The tenant may counter-claim and seek an injunction restraining the landlord from continuing the possession proceedings.
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547:
323:
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106:
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1359:"England and Wales Court of Appeal (Civil Division) Decisions - Manchester v Romano & Anor [2004]"
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where the Act still applies. Formerly, it made it unlawful to discriminate against people in respect of their
963:
808:
675:
1212:
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unlawful. However, these concepts are insufficient to deal with the issues of disability discrimination.
954:
At St Giles' Cathedral in
Edinburgh, the ramp to the right of the stairs was added to comply with the DDA.
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938:
665:
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two months notice no reason in cases of assured shorthold tenancy where the actual reason is rent arrears
1221:
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See Scope, 'The Disability Discrimination Act 1995: The campaign for civil rights' (2 November 2015)
468:
376:
304:
1273:
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999:
many shops are likely to find it reasonable to make their premises accessible to wheelchair users;
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The Disability Discrimination (Guidance on the Definition of Disability) Appointed Day Order 2006
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The DDA 1995 departed from the fundamental principles of older UK discrimination law (the
473:
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in relation to employment, the provision of goods and services, education and transport.
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967:
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644:
532:
1434:
List of resources from Disabled Go, a website founded by wheelchair user Gregory Burke
823:
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less favourable treatment for a reason related to a disabled person's disability; and
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employers are likely to find it reasonable to provide accessible IT equipment;
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whether the proposed adjustment would meet the needs of the disabled person;
483:
878:
The Act was amended by the following legislation in Great Britain (but not
1187:
the tenancy is one where there is no statutory system of protection, e.g.
966:). These Acts, also repealed and replaced by the Equality Act 2010, made
17:
1064: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
608:
289:
1431:
232:
27:
For the new regulations that repealed this act in Great Britain, see
1126:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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whether the adjustment would have a serious effect on other people.
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937:
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This applies whether or not the landlord knew of the disability.
1190:
where in LA temporary accommodation under the homelessness duty
1091:
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818:
42:
1414:
1402:
890:, which replaced the National Disability Council with the
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the landlord has a mandatory ground for possession, e.g.
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cannot be justified on the grounds allowed in the act.
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Article on DDA from Directgov – UK govt information
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1311:– general definition, and list of acts by country
1259:Leonard v Southern Derbyshire Chamber of Commerce
899:Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001
1249:ICR 302, on a person with paranoid schizophrenia
977:The core concepts in the DDA 1995 are, instead:
760:which has now been repealed and replaced by the
199:(formerly in England and Wales; and in Scotland)
1469:Anti-discrimination law in the United Kingdom
1364:British and Irish Legal Information Institute
725:
222:1 October 2010 (England and Wales; Scotland).
8:
148:
1444:Lainey Feingold's Global Law and Policy: UK
1427:Building websites to comply with the UK DDA
1282:Collins v Royal National Theatre Board Ltd
732:
718:
265:
147:
1142:Learn how and when to remove this message
1080:Learn how and when to remove this message
133:Learn how and when to remove this message
748:(c. 50) (informally, and hereafter, the
1474:Special education in the United Kingdom
1338:
1253:Vicary v British Telecommunications plc
1240:Chacon Navas v Eurest Colectividades SA
268:
1464:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1995
329:Individualized Education Program (IEP)
1014:whether the adjustment is affordable;
888:Disability Rights Commission Act 1999
882:, where different amendments apply):
599:Disabled Peoples' International (DPI)
252:Text of statute as originally enacted
7:
1459:Disability law in the United Kingdom
1390:Equality and Human Rights Commission
1062:adding citations to reliable sources
927:Equality and Human Rights Commission
793:Equality and Human Rights Commission
523:Social Security Disability Insurance
82:"Disability Discrimination Act 1995"
71:adding citations to reliable sources
942:The poles and grab handles on this
1408:Statutory Instrument 2006 No. 1005
1396:Statutory Instrument 2004 No. 2302
1266:Clark v TDG Ltd (t/a Novacold Ltd)
921:which transferred the role of the
912:Disability Discrimination Act 2005
746:Disability Discrimination Act 1995
259:Revised text of statute as amended
149:Disability Discrimination Act 1995
36:Disability Discrimination Act 1992
25:
1440:Some recent disability statistics
1229:Paul v National Probation Service
1193:the tenancy is a business tenancy
803:The Act was the culmination of a
791:to make similar provisions. The
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1038:
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758:Parliament of the United Kingdom
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589:National Telecommuting Institute
161:Parliament of the United Kingdom
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1243:(2007) All ER (EC) 59 (C-13/05)
1049:needs additional citations for
58:needs additional citations for
1489:Disability in Northern Ireland
594:Society for Disability Studies
451:Unlicensed assistive personnel
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1327:Persons with reduced mobility
1309:Disability discrimination act
923:Disability Rights Commission
892:Disability Rights Commission
528:Supplemental Security Income
290:Ableism / Disablism
1122:the claims made and adding
960:Sex Discrimination Act 1975
813:Sex Discrimination Act 1975
543:Disabled students allowance
538:Disability Living Allowance
176:National Disability Council
1505:
1317:Disability rights activism
1315:Disability rights movement
1179:two months rent arrears or
402:Disability rights movement
145:United Kingdom legislation
33:
26:
1323:on public transport, etc.
779:law. Other countries use
548:Disabled Persons Railcard
153:
1290:Archibald v Fife Council
561:the Severely Handicapped
517:Socioeconomic assistance
427:Sexuality and disability
193:Territorial extent
34:Not to be confused with
1255:IRLR 680, per Morison J
1247:Goodwin v Patent Office
972:indirect discrimination
964:Race Relations Act 1976
809:Race Relations Act 1976
676:Disability in the media
1484:Disability legislation
1213:Coleman v Attridge Law
1172:This applies even if
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666:Disability in the arts
489:Physical accessibility
1438:Disability Statistics
986:reasonable adjustment
968:direct discrimination
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417:People-first language
395:Societal implications
1058:improve this article
874:Amending legislation
484:Orthotics and braces
469:Assistive technology
67:improve this article
1274:Jones v Post Office
1224:(C‑303/06) IRLR 88
984:failure to make a "
445:Personal assistance
352:Learning disability
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1415:legislation.gov.uk
1403:legislation.gov.uk
1234:UKEAT 0290_03_1311
1107:possibly contains
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834:. You can help by
559:Assured Income for
1479:Web accessibility
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919:Equality Act 2006
855:Service providers
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