2141:
2130:
231:, connecting the NR+ mesh network to Internet. All the devices autonomously measure parent FT device's radio link quality, and can switch to another FT device if a better link or shorter route to sink is available. Similarly, if a parent device is not acknowledging messages, or is not sending the periodic
238:
Each device added to the network may act as a FT device, extending the network coverage. The sinks are configured first and start advertising the network in beacon messages. Devices scan radio channels, and associate to the parent they hear advertising the network and cluster. Associated devices can
208:
in NR+, can ask for certain resource reservation for it when it associates to the FT node. As this reservation can be done only for the next link, Mesh networking with multiple relaying links in the path relies on random access channel usage where the devices needing to communicate compete for the
381:
with key length of 128 bits. Integrity protection is based on same algorithm and key length NR+ does not define the key distribution mechanism "the number of key-pairs and the key distribution is outside of the scope of the present document" although it has been studied
143:
Regarding
Professional Audio and PMSE applications, DECT NR+ offers the necessary features of low latency and high reliability. This makes it suitable for applications requiring real-time audio transmission and performance as required by professional audio systems.
89:
The DECT-2020 standard has been designed to co-exist in the DECT radio band with existing DECT deployments. It uses the same Time
Division slot timing and Frequency Division center frequencies and uses pre-transmit scanning to minimize co-channel interference.
168:
communications. This allows NR+ to use the DECT reserved radio bands 1, 2 and 9, in the frequency range of 1880-1930 MHz. DECT reserved radio bands are license free, but devices need to pass certification ensuring correct operation on the bands.
128:
DECT NR+ decentralized and autonomous networking capability was specifically designed for
Metering and Smart Grid applications, and mesh networking application in general. The technology can scale up to millions of devices within a single network.
140:. These applications encompass robotics, monitoring and predictive maintenance and others. NR+ supports these use cases through its low latency and high reliability, dedicated frequency band, and high density and scalability
255:
Convergence layer offers identification and multiplexing of the traffic of different applications and services using the NR+ communications. CVG operates end-to-end between the NR+ network nodes. It is analogous to
239:
act as FT devices, and extend the network by selecting a channel with least traffic and start forwarding the network advertisement beacons. This extends the coverage for each FT device that joins the network.
286:
Downlink routing: from sink to FT or PT device in the network. Messages are forwarded to each FT device in the network until the destination device's parent device can deliver the message to the destination
102:) primarily focuses on addressing the needs of local area deployments for two use case areas: massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) and Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) as defined for
279:
Data link control layer is the message routing service for NR+ networks. Routing decisions are done in each device in the network, there is no central routing table. DLC routing operates in 3 modes:
361:
NR+ radio can operate on frequencies below 6 GHz. Standard defined speeds are up to gigabits per second. Radio implementations of course vary in the speeds achieved and frequencies supported.
473:
1194:
1736:
863:
268:
protocol. Like UDP and TCP, CVG offers both unreliable and reliable messaging services, datagram or flow control service and segmentation and reassembly for messages.
227:
Robustness is the result of the autonomous decisions of the devices. There is no single point of failure. NR+ also supports having multiple gateway devices, called
358:. Received messages with errors are combined with re-transmissions, making it possible to decode correct message even if the re-transmission too contained errors.
1984:
2179:
1996:
1556:
1134:
1104:
1283:
591:
320:
time slots measured to be in use assuming it is an on-going
Classic DECT connection. FT devices allocate the channel access time for the child devices on
1757:
344:
937:
451:
1187:
2189:
247:
Overall description of the technology and protocol layers are provided in the DECT-2020 New Radio (NR); Part 1: Overview; Release 1 specification
2064:
377:
in both CVG and MAC layers. Encryption and integrity protection use own separate keys on the 2 layers. The encryption is security is based on
1513:
505:
1969:
1410:
798:
521:
Kovalchukov, Roman; Moltchanov, Dmitri; Pirskanen, Juho; Säe, Joonas; Numminen, Jussi; Koucheryavy, Yevgeni; Valkama, Mikko (2022-06-01).
429:
235:
advertisement, a device will look for alternative parents. The mesh network heals itself in error situations and changes in the network.
1601:
1180:
1015:
835:
567:
191:
1979:
204:
The Point-to-point and star networks enable dedicated links, with reserved capacity for scheduled transmissions. A leaf node, called
1668:
1317:
1238:
767:
740:
711:
668:
641:
617:
1680:
1263:
1213:
2184:
2069:
1673:
1243:
355:
856:
2015:
642:"Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum; Part 2: DECT-2020 NR"
2008:
1991:
1020:
930:
265:
115:
44:
857:"Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); DECT-2020 New Radio (NR) interface; Study on Security Architecture"
1508:
1454:
1429:
1312:
1303:
1114:
378:
271:
Convergence layer provides security with encryption and integrity protection of messages end-to-end in the NR+ network.
137:
1469:
197:
NR+ Mesh network is based on a clustered tree In all these network topologies the NR+ assumes that a device, called
1139:
1035:
257:
1464:
1144:
408:
2134:
1964:
1726:
1720:
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1119:
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1030:
923:
351:
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1333:
1129:
1025:
975:
965:
2109:
1221:
261:
1258:
2047:
1974:
1400:
1047:
960:
568:"Enabling Massive Machine Type Communications with DECT-2020 Standard: A System-Level Performance Study"
390:
The DECT technical committee has started specification work for
Release 2 of the standard in June 2023.
328:
slots time slots. Channel access allocations are sent in beacon messages to all devices in the cluster.
347:
as the core technology. The technologies provide well-known behaviour in challenging radio conditions.
2052:
2037:
2027:
1253:
1248:
2174:
2104:
2042:
2032:
2022:
119:
2164:
542:
123:
40:
791:
106:. The release 1 of the standard targets several applications within these use cases, including
2145:
501:
298:
1934:
1908:
823:
47:. DECT-2020 is compliant with the requirements for Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications
2059:
1959:
1954:
1831:
1273:
1203:
827:
618:"DECT-2020 New Radio (NR); Part 2: Radio reception and transmission requirements; Release 1"
534:
2003:
946:
2094:
2089:
1918:
1224:
985:
209:
access window defined by the FT node. This increases the communication delays in Mesh.
500:. Mobile Communication - Technologies and Applications; 26th ITG-Symposium. IEEE/VDE.
316:. To do this, FT devices periodically scan the radio channel they operate on, and map
2194:
2169:
2158:
2099:
546:
522:
340:
70:
523:""DECT-2020 New Radio: The Next Step toward 5G Massive Machine-Type Communications""
2074:
1821:
1805:
1438:
1075:
1065:
497:"DECT NR+:Unveiling the Essentials of a new non-cellular 5G Standard for Verticals"
186:
181:
309:
Medium access control main services are radio resource control and data transfer.
474:""A guide to DECT NR+ – why the world needs a non-cellular 5G wireless protocol""
1903:
1852:
1762:
1750:
107:
495:
374:
370:
111:
1172:
538:
494:
Perez-Guirao, M. Dolores; Weisshaupt, Thomas; Wilzeck, Andreas (2022-05-18).
297:
As the NR+ network has internal routing and addresses it can operate without
1055:
1010:
831:
290:
Horizontal routing, between devices in the network with hop limited flooding
63:
224:
and operation are robustness for changes or errors and coverage extension.
79:
Better resistance to radio interference (co-channel interference rejection)
1882:
1786:
1685:
1608:
1575:
1535:
1529:
1149:
1000:
980:
896:
741:"DECT-2020 New Radio (NR); Part 5: DLC and Convergence layers; Release 1"
221:
331:
MAC layer also provides link scope encryption and integrity protection.
2116:
1613:
1419:
1353:
1348:
1268:
1005:
566:
Anttonen, Antti; Karhula, Pekka; Lasanen, Mika; Majanen, Mikko (2021).
201:, manages the radio resource usage in the cluster or link it controls.
1825:
1696:
1596:
1338:
1278:
1124:
995:
970:
301:
routing services. Internet protocols can be carried in NR+ networks.
283:
Uplink routing, to sink device: each node forwards message to parent
430:""DECT-2020: The first global non-cellular 5G technology approved""
31:
bands worldwide. The standard was designed to meet a subset of the
1913:
1898:
1861:
1848:
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1745:
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55:
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24:
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32:
768:"DECT-2020 New Radio (NR); Part 3: Physical layer; Release 1"
1877:
1800:
1646:
1570:
1488:
1372:
1293:
910:
156:. The specifications for NR+ are called DECT-2020 in ETSI.
103:
51:
and massive
Machine Type Communication (mMTC) of IMT-2020.
36:
905:
164:
An important design criteria for NR+ was to co-exist with
152:
DECT NR+ technology is specified by DECT committee in the
712:"DECT-2020 New Radio (NR); Part 4: MAC layer; Release 1"
324:
time slots, preserving error free communications on the
890:
669:"DECT-2020 New Radio (NR); Part 1: Overview; Release 1"
294:
Unicast, multicast and broadcast routing is supported.
350:
PHY layer provides error detection to higher layers,
1947:
1927:
1891:
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1841:
1814:
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313:
826:. National Institute of Standards and Technology.
797:. National Institute of Standards and Technology.
570:(Report). VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
452:""DECT-2020 New Radio (NR) and IoT: An Overview""
454:. New Equipment Digest (Endeavor Business Media)
409:""The first non-cellular 5G standard: DECT NR+""
54:DECT-2020 NR has new capabilities compared to
76:Better radio sensitivity (OFDM and Turbocodes)
1188:
931:
8:
696:103 636-1 chapter 5.3. Mesh network topology
692:
690:
688:
472:Mark Patrick, Caroline Hayes (2023-05-24).
1888:
1811:
1653:
1581:
1495:
1378:
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911:Open source implementation of a DECT stack
432:. Hiddenwires (IML Group plc). 2022-10-05
663:
661:
612:
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586:
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399:
2065:Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
762:
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735:
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704:
702:
411:. 5G Technology World (WTWH Media LLC)
869:from the original on 30 November 2021
136:is suitable for various use cases of
7:
2023:Spectral efficiency comparison table
39:requirements that are applicable to
2180:Mobile telecommunications standards
312:Radio resource control ensures the
14:
98:DECT NR+ (called DECT-2020 NR in
2139:
2128:
1214:List of mobile phone generations
838:from the original on 18 May 2023
804:from the original on 31 May 2023
314:#Co-Existence with Classic DECT
132:The low latency communications
2190:Wireless communication systems
160:Co-existence with classic DECT
1:
592:""DECT-2020 NR Introduction""
386:Future DECT-2020 work in ETSI
116:Industrial internet of things
104:5G networks application areas
45:Industrial internet of things
2135:Telecommunication portal
527:IEEE Communications Magazine
82:Better bandwidth utilization
305:Medium Access Control layer
2211:
1632:CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0
407:Martin Rowe (2023-08-16).
177:NR+ supports 3 topologies
2125:
1514:EDGE/EGPRS - Evolved EDGE
1439:D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136)
1211:
23:, is a radio standard by
539:10.1109/MCOM.001.2100375
356:HARQ with soft combining
352:Forward error correction
1970:Comparison of standards
1609:UTRA-TDD LCR / TD-SCDMA
832:10.6028/NIST.SP.800-38B
822:Dworkin, M. J. (2016).
450:Dan Shey (2023-02-06).
275:Data Link Control Layer
2185:Software-defined radio
1975:Channel access methods
1614:UTRA-TDD HCR / TD-CDMA
2146:Telephones portal
1254:MTA - MTB - MTC - MTD
1763:iBurst (IEEE 802.20)
1536:CDMA2000 1X Advanced
476:. Electronics Weekly
375:integrity protection
369:NR+ defines message
339:Physical layer uses
58:and DECT Evolution:
1649:(3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G)
1491:(2.5G, 2.75G, 2.9G)
1259:Mobile TeleSeratout
1093:Long range wireless
243:NR+ protocol layers
192:Point-to-Point Link
120:Building automation
2137:
1723:(TIA/EIA/IS-856-B)
1717:(TIA/EIA/IS-856-A)
1715:1xEV-DO Revision A
124:Professional audio
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1955:Cellular networks
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1532:(TIA/EIA/IS-2000)
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507:978-3-8007-5873-9
299:Internet Protocol
251:Convergence Layer
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1960:Mobile telephony
1948:Related articles
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1832:LTE Advanced Pro
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1727:EV-DO Revision C
1721:EV-DO Revision B
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824:"NiST 800-38B"
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792:"FIPS PUB 197"
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108:Smart Metering
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19:, also called
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2110:Wi-Fi Calling
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2070:NGMN Alliance
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1313:AMPS - N-AMPS
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1024:
1022:
1019:
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1002:
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992:
989:
987:
984:
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865:
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837:
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793:
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742:
736:
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728:
713:
707:
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664:
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619:
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609:
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593:
587:
585:
581:
569:
562:
559:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
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514:
509:
503:
499:
498:
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487:
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468:
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410:
403:
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393:
391:
385:
383:
380:
376:
372:
364:
362:
359:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
341:Cyclic prefix
334:
332:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
310:
304:
302:
300:
295:
289:
285:
282:
281:
280:
274:
272:
269:
267:
263:
259:
250:
248:
242:
240:
236:
234:
230:
225:
223:
220:
212:
210:
207:
202:
200:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
179:
178:
172:
170:
167:
159:
157:
155:
147:
145:
141:
139:
135:
130:
126:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
93:
91:
84:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:Cyclic Prefix
69:
65:
61:
60:
59:
57:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
2075:Push-to-talk
1853:IEEE 802.16m
1822:LTE Advanced
1806:IMT Advanced
1751:IEEE 802.16e
1746:Mobile WiMAX
1707:3GPP2 family
1634:(TIA/IS-856)
1625:3GPP2 family
1523:3GPP2 family
1502:/3GPP family
1318:TACS - ETACS
1076:Wireless LAN
1066:Wireless USB
1048:Wireless PAN
871:. Retrieved
851:
840:. Retrieved
817:
806:. Retrieved
786:
775:. Retrieved
748:. Retrieved
719:. Retrieved
676:. Retrieved
649:. Retrieved
636:
625:. Retrieved
596:. Retrieved
572:. Retrieved
561:
550:. Retrieved
533:(6): 58–64.
530:
526:
516:
496:
489:
478:. Retrieved
467:
456:. Retrieved
445:
434:. Retrieved
424:
413:. Retrieved
402:
389:
368:
360:
349:
338:
330:
325:
321:
317:
311:
308:
296:
293:
278:
270:
254:
246:
237:
232:
228:
226:
216:
205:
203:
198:
196:
187:Star network
182:Mesh network
176:
166:Classic DECT
163:
151:
142:
138:Industry 4.0
131:
127:
97:
94:Applications
88:
53:
20:
16:
15:
1904:5G-Advanced
1892:3GPP family
1842:IEEE family
1834:(4.5G/4.9G)
1815:3GPP family
1657:3GPP family
1585:3GPP family
1530:CDMA2000 1X
1401:CSD - HSCSD
906:DECTWeb.com
893:at dect.org
343:version of
66:operation (
2175:Local loop
2159:Categories
1758:Flash-OFDM
1140:Muni Wi-Fi
1031:Power-line
891:DECT Forum
873:2023-07-06
842:2023-07-06
808:2023-07-06
777:2023-07-06
750:2023-07-06
721:2023-07-05
678:2023-07-05
651:2023-07-05
627:2023-07-05
598:2023-11-03
574:2023-11-03
552:2023-11-08
480:2023-11-21
458:2023-11-03
436:2023-11-08
415:2023-11-21
394:References
371:encryption
173:Topologies
148:Technology
112:Smart grid
2165:Broadband
1858:WiMax 2.1
1713:CDMA2000
1206:standards
1145:Satellite
1056:Bluetooth
1036:Broadband
1011:IEEE 1901
547:231632052
64:multipath
35:IMT-2020
17:DECT-2020
1883:IMT-2020
1787:HiperMAN
1686:DC-HSDPA
1576:IMT-2000
1150:UMTS-TDD
1001:HomePlug
981:Ethernet
864:Archived
862:. ETSI.
836:Archived
799:Archived
365:Security
27:for the
2117:Osmocom
1965:History
1935:DECT-5G
1909:NR-IIoT
1354:DataTAC
1349:Mobitex
1006:HomePNA
966:Dial-up
287:device.
206:PT node
199:FT node
62:Better
1919:NB-IoT
1885:(2021)
1880:(2018)
1826:E-UTRA
1808:(2013)
1803:(2009)
1780:family
1739:family
1697:E-UTRA
1578:(2001)
1573:(1998)
1432:family
1413:family
1389:family
1375:(1991)
1306:family
1296:(1979)
1279:B-Netz
1227:(1946)
1125:iBurst
996:Nessum
971:DOCSIS
773:. ETSI
746:. ETSI
717:. ETSI
674:. ETSI
647:. ETSI
623:. ETSI
594:. ETSI
545:
504:
233:beacon
122:, and
2095:ViLTE
2090:VoLTE
2048:5G NR
1997:STDMA
1985:OFDMA
1928:Other
1914:LTE-M
1899:5G NR
1862:WiBro
1849:WiMAX
1768:WiBro
1681:HSPA+
1674:HSUPA
1669:HSDPA
1552:WiDEN
1545:Other
1448:Other
1411:3GPP2
1344:Hicap
1339:C-450
1327:Other
1244:Altai
1160:WiBro
1155:WiMAX
1100:5G NR
1084:Wi-Fi
1061:Li-Fi
961:Cable
954:Wired
867:(PDF)
860:(PDF)
802:(PDF)
795:(PDF)
771:(PDF)
744:(PDF)
715:(PDF)
672:(PDF)
645:(PDF)
621:(PDF)
543:S2CID
258:ports
229:Sinks
134:URLLC
49:URLLC
2195:DECT
2170:ETSI
2105:ViNR
2100:VoNR
2080:MIMO
2053:CDMA
2038:UMTS
2016:SDMA
2009:CDMA
2004:SSMA
1992:TDMA
1980:FDMA
1778:ETSI
1737:IEEE
1664:HSPA
1602:FOMA
1592:UMTS
1557:DECT
1509:GPRS
1460:iDEN
1455:CDPD
1430:AMPS
1387:3GPP
1304:AMPS
1264:AMTS
1239:IMTS
1135:MMDS
1120:HSPA
1115:GPRS
1110:EVDO
1105:DECT
1021:MoCA
1016:ISDN
991:G.hn
986:FTTx
901:ETSI
502:ISBN
373:and
354:and
345:OFDM
326:busy
322:free
318:busy
154:ETSI
110:and
100:ETSI
68:OFDM
56:DECT
43:and
29:DECT
25:ETSI
2085:IMS
2043:LTE
2033:GSM
1693:LTE
1500:GSM
1475:CT2
1470:PHS
1465:PDC
1396:GSM
1383:GSM
1359:CT1
1334:NMT
1284:AMR
1274:ARP
1249:OLT
1234:MTS
1130:LTE
1026:PON
976:DSL
899:at
828:doi
535:doi
379:AES
266:TCP
264:or
262:UDP
260:in
41:IOT
33:ITU
21:NR+
2161::
1878:5G
1855:)
1801:4G
1571:3G
1373:2G
1294:1G
1222:0G
834:.
759:^
730:^
701:^
687:^
660:^
607:^
583:^
541:.
531:60
529:.
525:.
118:,
114:,
37:5G
1851:(
1828:)
1824:(
1699:)
1695:(
1385:/
1196:e
1189:t
1182:v
939:e
932:t
925:v
876:.
845:.
830::
811:.
780:.
753:.
724:.
681:.
654:.
630:.
601:.
577:.
555:.
537::
510:.
483:.
461:.
439:.
418:.
73:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.