76:
447:
501:
196:
86:
These patrols were initially a response to the
Chinese Communists' unexpected re-definition of their territorial waters to include all waters shoreward from lines drawn tangentially to, and between, twelve-mile circles drawn around their offshore islands. Such a declaration represented a huge
511:
Even after the Gulf of Tonkin incident, the DESOTO patrols continued. On 11 September 1964 the
Director of the Naval Security Group, Pacific (DIRNAVSECGRUPAC) informed the Director of the NSA (DIRNSA) of plans for an intercept team, SIGAD USN-467P, to be aboard
114:
in the international waters off the China coast and later the
Vietnamese coast. Second, they would serve as a minor Cold War irritant to the Chinese Communists. Third, they would collect as much intelligence as possible during the patrols.
183:
USN-27) used the SIGAD USN-467 as a generic designator for their missions. Each specific patrol received a letter suffix for its duration. The subsequent mission would receive the next letter in an alphabetic sequence.
87:
expansion of their claims. This inhibited the lawful navigation of international waters as defined by US interests and increased the likelihood and frequency of formal diplomatic "serious warnings" issued by
75:
663:
534:
fired upon five fast closing targets, but was unable to confirm the targets visually. Based on radar surveillance the patrol claimed hits on three of the targets.
695:
965:
841:
777:
745:
902:
446:
809:
91:
when any
Seventh Fleet units navigated through these areas. This became a situation to which Commander Seventh Fleet felt compelled to respond.
488:
jet fighter bombers strafed the torpedo boats. One US aircraft was damaged, one 14.5-millimeter (0.57 in) round hit the destroyer, three
627:
946:
670:
110:. There were three components to the purpose of these patrols. First, they would establish and maintain the presence of the
702:
500:
195:
492:
were damaged, and four North
Vietnamese sailors were killed and six were wounded; there were no U.S. casualties.
484:
expended over two hundred and eighty 3-inch (76 mm) and 5-inch (127 mm) shells, and in which four USN
623:
548:
172:
848:
784:
752:
909:
543:
465:
138:
524:
489:
321:
816:
410:
226:
127:
123:
51:
563:
558:
553:
469:
47:
572:
458:
283:
810:"Skunks, Bogies, Silent Hounds, and the Flying Fish: The Gulf of Tonkin Mystery, 2-4 August 1964"
111:
40:
635:
942:
264:
72:
carried out the first patrol to target North
Vietnam in the Gulf of Tonkin in December 1962.
135:
131:
151:
The DESOTO patrols off
Vietnam from 1963 onwards formed part of a larger scheme known as
732:
In the Shadow of War (To the Gulf of Tonkin), Cryptologic
History Series, Southeast Asia
155:. Run by the Department of Defense at the time, Operation 34A, or "OPLAN 34Alpha" was a
959:
476:, engaged three North Vietnamese Navy torpedo boats of the 135th Torpedo Squadron. A
152:
485:
245:
95:
66:
603:
176:
145:
107:
103:
530:
approximately one month after the Gulf of Tonkin incident. During this patrol
513:
477:
391:
302:
156:
472:
detachment embarked) conducted since 1962. On August 2, 1964, the destroyer
43:
94:
These types of patrols had previously been conducted off the coasts of the
696:"Spartans in Darkness:American SIGINT and the Indochina war, 1945-1975"
144:
provided destroyers taking part in the DESOTO patrols off
Vietnam with
119:
88:
160:
192:
The following table lists the patrols that have been declassified.
499:
445:
194:
180:
99:
74:
62:
50:
equipment used for intelligence collection in hostile waters. The
106:, but are perhaps of greatest significance for their role in the
134:
were able to more effectively coordinate their raids. The
468:. This patrol was 18th DESOTO type patrol (each with a
171:
The naval Direct
Support Units (DSUs) based out of the
457:
SIGAD USN-467N specifically designates the DSU aboard
701:. 24 February 1998. pp. 498–500. Archived from
941:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
903:"REVIEW OF THE DESOTO PATROL: 16-20 September 1964"
939:Tonkin Gulf and the escalation of the Vietnam War
130:forces. With the intercepted communications, the
658:
656:
654:
652:
815:. 24 February 1996. p. 50. Archived from
173:U.S. Naval Communication Station, Philippines
8:
897:
895:
893:
725:
723:
597:
595:
593:
591:
61:performed the first patrol off the coast of
847:. 26 May 1965. p. 10. Archived from
751:. 26 May 1965. p. 12. Archived from
908:. 14 Jan 1965. p. 5. Archived from
783:. 26 May 1965. p. 2. Archived from
202:
734:. National Security Agency. p. 51.
587:
57:became the namesake for these patrols.
199:DESOTO patrol mission map off Vietnam.
163:actions against the North Vietnamese.
884:
872:
632:declassified materials, 2005 and 2006
7:
966:Destroyers of the United States Navy
464:during the patrol involved with the
519:. The patrol was conducted by USS
14:
159:program consisting primarily of
126:intelligence and to relay it to
46:equipped with a mobile "van" of
371:14 November - 27 December 1964
496:Post Gulf of Tonkin Engagement
490:North Vietnamese torpedo boats
337:15 October - 14 November 1964
1:
730:William Gerhard (June 1969).
664:"The Gulf of Tonkin Incident"
407:15 February - 19 March 1965
261:25 February - 12 March 1964
118:Tactically, the patrols off
39:) were patrols conducted by
982:
669:. Feb 1975. Archived from
604:"The First DESOTO Patrol"
426:19 March - 21 April 1965
280:28 July - 23 August 1964
937:Moïse, Edwin E. (1996).
624:National Security Agency
549:National Security Agency
544:Gulf of Tonkin Incident
466:Gulf of Tonkin incident
442:Gulf of Tonkin Incident
887:, pp. 78, 82, 92.
508:
454:
200:
83:
842:"Operational History"
778:"Operational History"
746:"Operational History"
602:James W. Montgomery.
503:
449:
299:14–21 September 1964
198:
128:South Vietnamese Army
124:North Vietnamese Army
78:
854:on 18 September 2013
790:on 18 September 2013
758:on 18 September 2013
626:(30 November 2005).
559:Signals Intelligence
554:Naval Security Group
470:Naval Security Group
212:Primary Patrol Ship
48:signals-intelligence
822:on October 11, 2013
480:resulted, in which
388:8–14 February 1965
354:8–14 November 1964
188:Declassified SIGADs
122:aimed to intercept
65:in April 1962. The
527:Richard S. Edwards
509:
455:
376:Richard S. Edwards
359:Richard S. Edwards
324:Richard S. Edwards
318:1–15 October 1964
201:
167:Patrols and SIGADs
112:U.S. Seventh Fleet
84:
439:
438:
223:14–20 April 1962
175:, in San Miguel,
973:
952:
925:
924:
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920:
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907:
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888:
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863:
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832:
831:
829:
827:
821:
814:
806:
800:
799:
797:
795:
789:
782:
774:
768:
767:
765:
763:
757:
750:
742:
736:
735:
727:
718:
717:
715:
713:
707:
700:
692:
686:
685:
683:
681:
675:
668:
660:
647:
646:
644:
643:
634:. Archived from
628:"Gulf of Tonkin"
620:
614:
613:
611:
610:
599:
203:
136:aircraft carrier
132:South Vietnamese
981:
980:
976:
975:
974:
972:
971:
970:
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955:
949:
936:
933:
928:
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190:
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12:
11:
5:
979:
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932:
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926:
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242:December 1964
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224:
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217:
216:
213:
210:
207:
206:Patrol Number
189:
186:
168:
165:
31:perations off
17:DESOTO patrols
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
978:
967:
964:
963:
961:
950:
948:0-8078-2300-7
944:
940:
935:
934:
930:
915:on 2013-09-18
911:
904:
898:
896:
894:
890:
886:
881:
878:
875:, p. 78.
874:
869:
866:
850:
843:
837:
834:
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811:
805:
802:
786:
779:
773:
770:
754:
747:
741:
738:
733:
726:
724:
720:
708:on 2013-09-18
704:
697:
691:
688:
676:on 2013-09-18
672:
665:
659:
657:
655:
653:
649:
638:on 2007-09-11
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267:John R. Craig
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209:Patrol Dates
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197:
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178:
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166:
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158:
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153:Operation 34A
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38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
938:
917:. Retrieved
910:the original
880:
868:
856:. Retrieved
849:the original
836:
824:. Retrieved
817:the original
804:
792:. Retrieved
785:the original
772:
760:. Retrieved
753:the original
740:
731:
710:. Retrieved
703:the original
690:
678:. Retrieved
671:the original
640:. Retrieved
636:the original
631:
618:
607:. Retrieved
574:
565:
531:
526:
520:
515:
510:
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486:F-8 Crusader
481:
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96:Soviet Union
93:
85:
80:
68:
58:
53:
36:
32:
28:
24:
20:
16:
15:
931:Works cited
429:USN-27/USS
380:USN-467R-3
346:USN-467R-2
329:USN-467R-1
177:Philippines
146:air support
141:Ticonderoga
108:Vietnam War
104:North Korea
885:Moïse 1996
873:Moïse 1996
642:2007-10-02
609:2010-05-04
583:References
478:sea battle
157:top-secret
44:destroyers
525:USS
514:USS
459:USS
435:USN-467D
418:USN-467D
411:USS
399:USN-467D
392:USS
363:USN-467S
322:USS
310:USN-467P
303:USS
291:USN-467N
284:USS
272:USN-467Y
265:USS
253:USN-467?
246:USS
234:USN-467?
227:USS
139:USS
67:USS
52:USS
41:U.S. Navy
960:Category
577:Incident
568:Incident
538:See also
431:Buchanan
413:Buchanan
248:Agerholm
229:De Haven
81:De Haven
69:Agerholm
59:De Haven
54:De Haven
826:11 June
712:11 June
566:Liberty
120:Vietnam
89:Beijing
27:pecial
945:
858:6 July
794:6 July
762:6 July
575:Pueblo
532:Morton
521:Morton
516:Morton
506:Morton
482:Maddox
474:Maddox
461:Maddox
452:Maddox
394:Towers
342:Morton
305:Morton
286:Maddox
215:SIGAD
161:covert
102:, and
35:singta
23:Haven
919:6 Jul
913:(PDF)
906:(PDF)
852:(PDF)
845:(PDF)
820:(PDF)
813:(PDF)
788:(PDF)
781:(PDF)
756:(PDF)
749:(PDF)
706:(PDF)
699:(PDF)
680:6 Jul
674:(PDF)
667:(PDF)
181:SIGAD
100:China
63:China
943:ISBN
921:2013
860:2013
828:2013
796:2013
764:2013
714:2013
682:2013
573:USS
564:USS
523:and
504:USS
450:USS
374:USS
357:USS
340:USS
79:USS
423:26
404:25
385:24
368:23
351:22
334:21
315:20
296:19
277:18
962::
892:^
722:^
651:^
630:.
590:^
258:?
239:9
220:1
148:.
98:,
21:De
951:.
923:.
862:.
830:.
798:.
766:.
716:.
684:.
645:.
612:.
179:(
37:O
33:T
29:O
25:S
19:(
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