36:
408:
and an undesired/unknown target organism cannot be easily dismissed. On the contrary, it is plausible that there exist microorganisms, yet to be identified, which are phylogenetically members of a probe target group, but have partial or near-perfect target sites, usually applies when designing group-specific probes.
390:: This huge bacterium (cell length up to >100 μm, diameter up to 50 μm) contains sulfur globules and massive calcite inclusions and inhabits the upper layers of freshwater sediments. It is visible to the naked eye and has, by its resistance to cultivation, puzzled generations of microbiologists.
407:
may be a better alternative. The global standard library of rRNA sequences is constantly becoming larger and continuously being updated, and thus the possibility of a random hybridization event between a specifically-designed probe (based on complete and current data from a range of test organisms)
240:
or other imaging techniques. Normally, either X-ray pictures are taken of the filter, or the filter is placed under UV light. Detection of sequences with moderate or high similarity depends on how stringent the hybridization conditions were applied—high stringency, such as high hybridization
369:(FISH). rRNA probes have enabled scientists to visualize microorganisms, yet to be cultured in laboratory settings, by retrieval of rRNA sequences directly from the environment. Examples of these types of microorganisms include:
236:-based marker, biotin or fluorescein. DNA sequences or RNA transcripts that have moderate to high sequence similarity to the probe are then detected by visualizing the hybridized probe via
353:, oligonucleotide probes are used in order to determine the presence of microbial species, genera, or microorganisms classified on a more broad level, such as
245:
sequences that are highly similar, whereas low stringency, such as lower temperature and high salt, allows hybridization when the sequences are less similar.
53:
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Olsen, G.J.; Lane, D.J.; Giovannoni, S.J.; Pace, N.R.; Stahl, D.A. (1986). "Microbial ecology and evolution: a ribosomal RNA approach".
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298:- derivatives. Molecular DNA- or RNA-based probes are routinely used in screening gene libraries, detecting nucleotide sequences with
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is a neuston bacterium that forms typical, dichotomically-branching rosettes on the surface of shallow freshwater habitats.
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In forensic science, hybridization probes are used, for example, for detection of short tandem repeats (
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527:"Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation"
265:
680:"How close is close: 16S rRNA sequence identity may not be sufficient to guarantee species identity"
331:
411:
Probably the greatest practical limitation to this technique is the lack of available automation.
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of either radioactive or (more recently) fluorescent molecules. Commonly used markers are
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temperature and low salt in hybridization buffers, permits only hybridization between
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In some instances, differentiation between species may be problematic when using
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of the probe to its target sequence, the probe is tagged (or "labeled") with a
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756:"Ribosomal RNA-targeted nucleic acid probes for studies in microbial ecology"
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Glöckner, F.O.; Babenzien H.D.; Amann R. (1999). "Phylogeny and diversity of
486:"Ribosomal RNA-targeted nucleic acid probes for studies in microbial ecology"
184:) into single stranded DNA (ssDNA) and then hybridized to the target ssDNA (
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797:"STRide probes: Single-labeled short tandem repeat identification probes"
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refer to DNA covalently attached to an inert surface, such as coated
302:, and in other gene technologies, such as nucleic acid and tissue
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149:
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29:
423:) regions and in restriction fragment length polymorphism (
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to the sequence in the probe. The labeled probe is first
678:
Fox, G.E.; Wisotzkey, J.D.; Jurtshuk Jr., P. (1992).
27:
Fragment of RNA or DNA able to be chemically labeled
427:) methods, all of which are widely used as part of
284:(both are older methods). In order to increase the
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
576:Glöckner, F.O.; Babenzien H.D.; Amann R. (1998).
290:stability of the probe RNA is not used. Instead,
525:Amann, R.; Ludwig, W.; Schleifer, K.-H. (1995).
403:sequences due to similarity. In such instances,
276:method, or it can be generated and labeled by
164:. HPs can be used to detect the presence of
8:
168:sequences in analyzed RNA or DNA that are
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578:"Phylogeny and identification in situ of
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
452:
264:target is hybridized. Depending on the
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
733:10.1146/annurev.mi.40.100186.002005
773:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2000.tb00557.x
503:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2000.tb00557.x
367:fluorescence in situ hybridization
25:
34:
607:10.1128/AEM.64.5.1895-1901.1998
192:) immobilized on a membrane or
180:conditions such as exposure to
45:needs additional citations for
544:10.1128/MMBR.59.1.143-169.1995
1:
804:Biosensors and Bioelectronics
657:10.1016/s0723-2020(99)80025-3
461:"Nucleic Acid Hybridizations"
248:Hybridization probes used in
294:may be used, in particular
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817:10.1016/j.bios.2021.113135
754:Amann R, Ludwig W (2000).
484:Amann R, Ludwig W (2000).
760:FEMS Microbiology Reviews
697:10.1099/00207713-42-1-166
490:FEMS Microbiology Reviews
345:Uses in microbial ecology
795:Tytgat, Olivier (2021).
586:Appl. Environ. Microbiol
338:Cycling Probe Technology
228:bond in the probe DNA),
684:Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol
531:Microbiological Reviews
415:Use in forensic science
641:Achromatium oxaliferum
387:Achromatium oxaliferum
232:, a non-radioactive,
224:incorporated into the
645:Syst. Appl. Microbiol
176:(by heating or under
162:fluorescently labeled
69:"Hybridization probe"
721:Annu. Rev. Microbiol
349:Within the field of
260:, to which a mobile
54:improve this article
846:Genetics techniques
598:1998ApEnM..64.1895G
332:Locked Nucleic Acid
268:, the probe may be
156:long, which can be
152:, usually 15–10000
144:) is a fragment of
138:hybridization probe
310:Examples of probes
851:Molecular biology
351:microbial ecology
280:amplification or
190:northern blotting
186:Southern blotting
134:molecular biology
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16:(Redirected from
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592:(5): 1895–1901.
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319:Molecular Beacon
315:Scorpion® probes
300:blotting methods
207:molecular marker
182:sodium hydroxide
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238:autoradiography
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766:(5): 555–565.
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580:Nevskia ramosa
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537:(1): 143–169.
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496:(5): 555–565.
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110:December 2009
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71: –
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65:Find sources:
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43:This article
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468:. Retrieved
465:www.ndsu.edu
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254:glass slides
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243:nucleic acid
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
727:: 337–365.
395:Limitations
304:microarrays
270:synthesized
230:digoxigenin
215:radioactive
154:nucleotides
840:Categories
810:: 113135.
470:2017-05-26
447:References
431:analysis.
363:eukaryotes
296:morpholino
272:using the
258:gene chips
222:phosphorus
201:To detect
188:) or RNA (
166:nucleotide
80:newspapers
18:DNA probes
380:N. ramosa
174:denatured
826:33690100
782:11077149
665:10188276
512:11077149
435:See also
405:23S rRNA
401:16S rRNA
355:bacteria
334:) probes
327:® probes
234:antibody
178:alkaline
741:2430518
706:1371061
626:9572969
594:Bibcode
563:7535888
359:archaea
287:in vivo
282:cloning
218:isotope
195:in situ
94:scholar
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617:106248
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361:, and
330:LNA® (
325:TaqMan
321:probes
266:method
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800:(PDF)
340:(CPT)
101:JSTOR
87:books
822:PMID
778:PMID
737:PMID
702:PMID
661:PMID
622:PMID
559:PMID
508:PMID
425:RFLP
365:via
262:cDNA
136:, a
73:news
812:doi
808:180
768:doi
729:doi
692:doi
653:doi
643:".
612:PMC
602:doi
549:PMC
539:doi
498:doi
278:PCR
256:or
220:of
213:(a
160:or
150:RNA
148:or
146:DNA
132:In
56:by
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