757:
in the days when no one printer specification dominated the field. Today, PDF is much more than a printer format; it is the means of representing documents electronically. That alone would not justify preferring pdfTEX over a DVI-to-PDF converter, nor would the fact that it saves a processing step; the deciding argument is that pdfTEX has established itself as reliable, robust, and flexible. In the end, it is likely a question of which program one is more comfortable with, and which one has given the better results for the particular user.
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36:
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in that it does not support any form of font embedding, instead merely referencing external font names. (Both PostScript and PDF formats can embed their fonts inside the documents.) For a DVI file to be printed or even properly previewed, the fonts it references must be already installed. Like PDF,
756:
The dvipdfm program is in the original spirit of TEX, that uses DVI as a universal intermediate format for all outputs. Purists might tend to respect this ideal. After all, no one ever considered rewriting TEX to produce PostScript output directly. That said, one must consider that TEX was invented
711:
is a DVI-to-PDF translator developed by Mark A. Wicks. The early documentation of dvipdfm specifically mentions the limited availability of
Lesenko's dvipdf as a reason for creating dvipdfm. dvipdfm supports most of the newer special functions of the PDF format, including
300:
As of 2004 there is a compilation of the specifications a DVI driver must implement by the "TUG DVI Driver
Standards Committee". It seems to be based on a TUGboat article of the same name from 1992, but which is much shorter. These documents do not specify the
795:. If all of your graphics files are already in PDF format, with some JPEG and PNG images, the more direct route is to run pdflatex. You can also combine both approaches by running latex and the dvipdfmx program. If you make a lot of use of
257:) which translates DVI files to graphical data. For example, most TeX software packages include a program for previewing DVI files on a user's computer display; this program is a driver. Drivers are also used to convert from DVI to popular
701:, and copyrighted to Artifex Software (the makers of Ghostscript). A possibly different program with the same name—described as a modified version of dvips—was announced in the late 1990s by Sergey Lesenko, however it was apparently
276:
from DVI files, although this process is unlikely to produce high-level constructs identical to those present in the original markup, especially if the original markup used high-level TeX extensions (e.g.
744:(reducing file size) and balancing the internal PDF document trees to speed up rendering of large documents. Many of these features (except for the direct support for .eps files) are also present in
791:
The route that you should follow depends mostly on the graphics material that you want to include. If most of it is in EPS format, the easiest way is to use latex, followed by dvips and finally
405:
946:
351:
In a broader sense, a DVI file consists of a preamble, one or more pages, and a postamble. Six state variables are maintained as a tuple of signed, 32-bit integers:
147:
previewing a DVI file. Note that referenced images are not displayed, because they are not part of the DVI file. Images will be added in by a print driver, such as
53:
348:(the preamble, which must be the first opcode in the DVI file), takes at least fourteen bytes of parameters, plus an optional comment of up to 255 bytes.
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command in TeX), which defers graphics (and color) to post-processing filters. There are numerous DVI specials, the most notable of which are
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The DVI format was designed to be compact and easily machine-readable. Toward this end, a DVI file is a sequence of commands which form "a
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Similarly, the DVI format supports character codes up to four bytes in length, even though only the 0–255 range is commonly seen, as the
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files. The fonts themselves are not embedded in the DVI file, only referenced by an integer value defined in the relevant
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includes some older ones like dvitops (and DVIPSONE) with a note that they lost their market share a long time ago.
46:
737:
694:
340:, typesets a single character and moves the implicit cursor right by that character's width. In contrast, opcode
258:
504:
except for the most basic black-and-white boxes. Instead DVI has a general escape/extension mechanism, known as
465:
op. (This is done exactly twice for each loaded font: once before it is referenced, and once in the postamble.)
446:
is held as an integer value, but is not pushed and popped with the rest of the state variables when the opcodes
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is an extended version of the dvipdfm DVI-to-PDF translator, included in current TeX distributions like
609:
577:
195:
857:
776:
character sets for East Asian languages. dvipdfmx is also included (in a somewhat modified form) in
670:
The first DVI previewers capable of on-screen previewing and modification of LaTeX documents ran on
484:
of the current font rather than that of the system processing it. This means, for instance, that an
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2.9. The primary goal of the dvipdfmx project is to support multi-byte character encodings and
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in 1982. Unlike the TeX markup files used to generate them, DVI files are not intended to be
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DVI uses a limited sort of machine language with termination guarantees that is not a full,
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477:
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620:, and DVIWindo (of the now defunct commercial Y&Y TeX, which has been open-sourced).
572:
format for reading and printing. They can be also viewed directly by using DVI viewers.
1013:
773:
741:
415:
are the current horizontal and vertical offsets from the upper-left corner (increasing
234:
532:
325:, followed by zero or more bytes of parameters. For example, an opcode from the group
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879:
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printed his first page with dvisw, an early DVI printer driver for the Amiga, on a
613:
318:
242:
241:
describing the visual layout of a document in a manner not reliant on any specific
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1134:
1111:"Ubuntu Manpage: Dvipdf - Convert TeX DVI file to PDF using ghostscript and dvips"
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1552:
1047:
698:
649:
238:
226:
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35:
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17:
1458:
1274:(4th; 9th printing ed.). Pearson Education. § 13.2.3 The pdfTEX program.
1177:(4th; 9th printing ed.). Pearson Education. § 13.2.2 the dvipdfm driver.
721:
717:
513:
305:, which is however big endian, as can be seen looking into a DVI file itself.
302:
285:
262:
169:
469:
contains an integer value of up to four bytes in length, though in practice,
1448:
702:
1393:
480:
format is limited to that range. Character codes in DVI files refer to the
1399:
pdftex - Why does pdflatex produce bigger output files than latex+dvipdfm?
253:. DVI files are typically used as input to a second program (called a DVI
1737:
1732:
1637:
1599:
1557:
1493:
1488:
1473:
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978:
960:
796:
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729:
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501:
1061:. A link to a relic info about milestones of LaTeX history is available
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601:
593:
581:
485:
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144:
1331:
1251:"texfaq2html redirect emulating cgi-bin lookup on the original site"
748:, which typesets TeX directly to PDF. The 2004, 4th edition of the
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833:
824:
777:
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724:, and dvips specials—a feature making possible the inclusion of
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517:
1407:
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1478:
1434:
829:
690:
686:
612:, DView (included in the commercial BaKoMa TeX distribution),
527:
488:-based system can process a DVI file that was generated by an
470:
289:
223:
29:
623:
DVI to human-readable format: dvitype (disassembler of sorts)
1313:
492:-based system, so long as it has the same fonts installed.
473:
only ever outputs font numbers in the range 0 through 255.
454:
are encountered. Font spacing information is loaded from
568:
DVI files are often converted into PDF, PostScript, or
544:
229:
program, designed by David R. Fuchs and implemented by
1403:
659:
357:
1014:
https://www.tug.org/TUGboat/tb27-2/tb87frischauf.pdf
438:
These variables can be pushed to or popped from the
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1580:
1545:
1519:
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1296:"Debian -- Details of package texlive-base in sid"
740:images; other features of dvipdfm include partial
399:
1268:Helmut Kopka; Patrick W. Daly (February 2008) .
1205:. Archived from the original on August 11, 2014.
1171:Helmut Kopka; Patrick W. Daly (February 2008) .
626:DVI-to-PDF converters: dvipdf, dvipdfm, dvipdfmx
321:'s words. Each command begins with an eight-bit
1384:(Unofficial) description of the DVI file format
1146:https://www.tug.org/TUGboat/tb18-3/tb56lese.pdf
1135:https://www.tug.org/TUGboat/tb17-3/tb52lese.pdf
789:
754:
685:is a tool to translate DVI files (generated by
662:, dvi2svg; As of 2014 the only one included in
832:source code; extract full documentation using
1419:
8:
945:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
132:
1240:, Version 0.12.4 September 19, 1999, page 2
878:TUG DVI Driver Standards Committee (1992).
693:files. In current Linux distributions like
1584:
1516:
1426:
1412:
1404:
1077:"The Commodore Amiga: A Magic TeX Machine"
799:, you should look at the pst-pdf package.
815:
813:
787:makes the following workflow suggestion:
500:The DVI format does not have support for
356:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
697:, it is a thin wrapper around dvips and
809:
1208:
938:
297:programming language like PostScript.
131:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
272:TeX markup may be at least partially
203:For the video display interface, see
7:
997:"CTAN: /tex-archive/dviware/dvitops"
921:, Denis Roegel, Herbert VoĂź (2008).
856:TUG DVI Driver Standards Committee.
752:compares them in the following way:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1199:"Where art dvipdf? - comp.text.tex"
917:Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach,
666:and actively maintained is dvisvgm.
880:"The DVI Driver Standard, Level 0"
858:"The DVI Driver Standard, Level 0"
516:specials, but other programs like
25:
1389:TeX DVI file Information utility
925:(2nd ed.). Addison-Wesley.
531:
442:. In addition, the current font
138:
69:"Device independent file format"
34:
1350:"The format of TeX's DVI files"
644:(generates GIF or PNG), or use
45:needs additional citations for
427:hold horizontal space values,
394:
358:
212:device independent file format
1:
1348:Fuchs, David (October 1982).
1075:Rokicki, Tomas (April 1988).
783:The 2nd, 2008 edition of the
400:{\displaystyle (h,v,w,x,y,z)}
1026:"CTAN: /tex-archive/dviware"
923:The LaTeX Graphics Companion
732:output—as well inclusion of
1828:
1797:Page description languages
1394:CTAN: /tex-archive/dviware
979:"Y&Y Inc. -- DVIPSONE"
961:"Y&Y Inc. -- DVIWindo"
640:DVI-to-bitmap converters:
633:is the de facto standard.
259:page description languages
202:
1771:
1215:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
137:
785:LaTeX Graphics Companion
205:Digital Visual Interface
170:Internet media type
133:Device-independent (DVI)
1753:TeX Directory Structure
1513:Alternative TeX engines
726:Encapsulated PostScript
654:DVI-to-SVG converters:
27:Typesetting file format
1332:"The DVIPDFMx Project"
801:
759:
629:DVI-to-PS converters:
419:moves down the page),
401:
1802:Computer file formats
1314:"MiKTeX Packages A-Z"
1231:Dvipdfm User’s Manual
1063:at this external site
678:DVI-to-PDF converters
402:
315:machine-like language
1059:Radical Eye Software
804:References and notes
564:DVI related software
496:Graphics as specials
355:
269:) and for printing.
54:improve this article
1701:The PracTeX Journal
1300:packages.debian.org
1158:"(La)TeX Navigator"
134:
1236:2015-07-06 at the
728:(.eps) files like
543:. You can help by
508:(expressed by the
482:character encoding
397:
274:reverse-engineered
237:; they consist of
175:application/x-dvi
158:Filename extension
1784:
1783:
1671:
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1576:
1575:
1281:978-0-321-17385-0
1184:978-0-321-17385-0
932:978-0-321-50892-8
823:(December 1995).
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284:DVI differs from
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182:Developed by
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16:(Redirected from
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1758:TeX font metric
1728:Computer Modern
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1229:Mark A. Wicks,
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541:needs expansion
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344:(decimal 247),
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1271:Guide to LaTeX
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1255:www.texfaq.org
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1203:compgroups.net
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1174:Guide to LaTeX
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750:Guide to LaTeX
742:font embedding
703:never released
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1581:Distributions
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1117:on 2015-09-09
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1044:Tomas Rokicki
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