Knowledge (XXG)

DYE Stations

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216: 650:(NWS). However, by the late 1980s, the Soviet Union was collapsing and replacement of the again subsiding DYE stations was deemed not worth the expense. In connection with the turn-over of Sondrestrom to the Danish government in 1992, the DYE stations were abandoned and left to sink into the ice, an ongoing process. DYE 1-3 were evacuated in 1988, and DYE 4 in September 1991. 634:
the size and capability of the Soviet bomber force had been vastly overestimated. The three to six hours of warning that the Line might have provided thus became of little relevance. In addition, had the DYE stations warned of a raid, there would have been no means of interception or further tracking until landfall hours later; and they did not fully close the
307: 293: 279: 265: 251: 237: 223: 813: 164:. The Danes raised objections to the Kulusuk site due to fear of undesirable fraternization with the inhabitants of a local Eskimo village. The result was that the DYE-4 site there was placed off-limits to locals, although this policy failed resoundingly. Legally, the DYE-1 through -4 were annexes of the 633:
The DEW Line was a drastic response to an urgently felt requirement for continental air defense, but when it was completed, the problem essentially evaporated – first, because ballistic missiles overtook the airbreathing threat by about 1960, and second, because overhead reconnaissance revealed that
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that had been built for air defense radars in coastal waters off the United States, except that the “tripod” was anchored in the ice, and the legs were eight massive steel beams. Periodic re-alignment of the station could be accomplished by adjustment of the beam attachments. At the inland stations,
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under authority of the 1951 Greenland Bases Treaty. Unlike the case with the other U.S. bases in Greenland, Denmark took no interest in the DYE stations and, except for engineering operations, did not participate in their operation; and unlike other U.S. bases, they did not become a cause for
86:" radar stations as with other air defense elements. On June 30, 1958, the Eastern DEW Extension had 4 stations and there were 4 DER & 4 AEW&C aircraft operating for the Atlantic Barrier and on July 19, 1958, DYE 1 (DYE 4 on August 3) was begun by 625:(Distant Early Warning Identification Zone) requiring positive ID of southbound tracks. The stations did not serve in civilian air traffic control, but their communications relay capabilities were of occasional utility to civilian air traffic. 612:
The stations were linked by tropospheric scatter and by HF radio, and all maintained radio watch on VHF 126.2, UHF 236.6, and HF 3023.5 (Receive only); also on guard (121.5 and 243.0). They also had radio beacons colocated; at one time
817: 117:. After successful completion of the DEW Line, in 1957 U.S.-Canadian attention turned to the implementation of plans to close the North Atlantic radar gap with physical stations to replace the radar early warning aircraft 710:
Buss, L. H. (Director) (14 April 1959). North American Air Defense Command and Continental Air Defense Command Historical Summary: July–December 1958 (Report). Directorate of Command History: Office of Information
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Buss, L. H. (Director) (1 October 1958). North American Air Defense Command Historical Summary: January–June 1958 (Report). Directorate of Command History: Office of Information Services.
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During the resurgent tension of the 1980s, Canada and the United States (which jointly operate NORAD) decided to replace the obsolescent DEW Line with an update known as the
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Since the stations were built at high elevations, surveys indicated that during normal propagation conditions they should essentially close the gaps across
320: 188:(Site 1 and Site 2). The new design used pillars which would delay subsidence of the station into the ice. In this sense the stations were similar to the 215: 754:
Condit, Kenneth W. (1992) . "Chapter 15: Continental Defense". The Joint Chiefs of Staff and National Policy: 1955-1956 (Report). Vol. VI of
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In addition to air defense radar tracks, Dye Stations provided thirty years of meteorological observations — the 2 ice cap sites (e.g.,
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carried out a delicate re-pillaring of the two ice cap stations through a “jacking-up” procedure that also laterally moved the station.
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Negotiations with Denmark, concluding with an agreement on 20 March 1958, settled on four stations in Greenland, one on a mountain near
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at the Northwestern corner of Iceland. Construction was influenced by mixed experience with two earlier ice cap radar stations near
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Snow accumulation of about one meter per year caused subsidence which eventually necessitated a re-foundation. In 1977 and 1982,
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being the "Officer-in-Charge" as "DEW Sector Commander", 1 of 5 RCAF officers at DYE (2 additional officers were USAF).
587: 59: 502:, 8700 ft) was established on the ice cap after errors in locating its construction camp required relocation. 554: 512: 474: 433: 391: 336: 201: 138: 126: 674: 125:, preferred a line going north around Greenland's polar coast, and others suggested a coastal line south to 109:
expected that the air defense radar network would have to extend across the North Atlantic to Europe or the
20: 129:, but eventually the service settled on a direct line across the ice cap to Iceland, the Faroes, and the 722: 114: 647: 606: 602: 594: 165: 91: 63: 617:
stations. The minimally staffed stations radioed air traffic to fuse with other DEW Line tracks at
461:, 7650 ft) and DYE-3 were built using telescoping structures on top of the Greenland Ice Cap. 99: 55: 792: 678: 729: 87: 377: 419:, 4789 ft) was on a peak in an uninhabited area 27 mi (43 km) southeast 185: 177: 161: 130: 106: 94:
for the interior stations. By October 1, 1958, DYE communications were linked to the
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For closing dates and current status of the DIY-1 to DIY-5 sites, see the table of
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domes of about 60 feet diameter. Crews were regularly supplied and rotated by
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PIN, CAM, FOX) and in January 1959, the station's manning switched to an RCAF
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parabolic antennae had to be enclosed as part of the superstructure.
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Island at the former site of a U.S. World War II weather station.
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using helicopter-assisted sealift at the coasts and airlift from
741:– Ed-Thelen.com single file--also available as page pictures at 622: 113:, and by early 1956 studies to this effect were approved by the 373: 821: 74:
The DEW Line became operational on August 13, 1957, with "
791:(in Danish). Danish Institute for Foreign Policy. 1997. 148:, two innovative sites in central Greenland, and one at 180:, the latter with the aid of a later radar station at 621:
in Colorado Springs and thus anchored the Greenland
121:then patrolling the ocean. Arctic veteran, Colonel 42:. DYE Stations were equipped with the 600 MHz 825:ONC Charts, 1977, and other cartographic material. 758:. Washington, DC: Historical Office, Joint Staff. 166:Sondrestrom joint Danish-American Defense Area 842:Radar stations of the United States Air Force 133:. An initial plan to place a main station at 8: 769: 767: 765: 723:USAF Control and Warning Support System 416L 704: 702: 700: 698: 102:via the AT&T Denver Toll Test Center. 38:(DEW Greenland Extension, "DEW East") and 141:was abandoned before construction began. 694: 666: 423:and 60 miles southwest of Sondrestrom. 586:, Iceland, where it connected to the 372:was 1 of 4 "Canadian Main stations" ( 7: 822:Air Force Historical Research Agency 756:History of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 638:(Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom). 657:) were used for ice core drilling. 14: 673:Printed after December 1958--the 193:the nearly horizontally pointing 816: This article incorporates 811: 593:DYE-6 was the control center at 582:) was at Rockville Station near 305: 291: 277: 263: 249: 235: 221: 214: 21:Distant Early Warning Line sites 677:(p. 2 map) became part of the 156:, not too far from the former 78:...operational control of the 1: 788:Greenland during the Cold War 306: 292: 278: 264: 250: 236: 98:Combat Operations Center at 603:DEW Line sites not included 588:North Atlantic Radio System 222: 858: 202:Danish Arctic Contractors 544:on the southern cape of 46:long-range radar within 540:, 1000 ft) was at 818:public domain material 368:on the eastern tip of 169:domestic controversy. 329:The DEW data center ( 115:Joint Chiefs of Staff 27:eastern extension in 648:North Warning System 607:North Warning System 595:Sondrestrom Air Base 321:class=notpageimage| 92:Sondrestrom Air Base 64:Sondrestrom Air Base 566: /  524: /  486: /  445: /  403: /  348: /  100:Ent Air Force Base 62:) staging through 56:109th Airlift Wing 570:64.033°N 22.650°W 528:65.533°N 37.167°W 490:65.183°N 43.833°W 449:66.483°N 46.300°W 407:66.633°N 52.850°W 352:66.667°N 61.350°W 849: 826: 815: 814: 809: 803: 802: 783: 777: 776: 771: 760: 759: 751: 745: 740: 738: 736: 730:Western Electric 727: 719: 713: 712: 706: 682: 671: 581: 580: 578: 577: 576: 571: 567: 564: 563: 562: 559: 539: 538: 536: 535: 534: 529: 525: 522: 521: 520: 517: 501: 500: 498: 497: 496: 491: 487: 484: 483: 482: 479: 460: 459: 457: 456: 455: 450: 446: 443: 442: 441: 438: 418: 417: 415: 414: 413: 408: 404: 401: 400: 399: 396: 363: 362: 360: 359: 358: 353: 349: 346: 345: 344: 341: 309: 308: 295: 294: 281: 280: 267: 266: 253: 252: 239: 238: 225: 224: 218: 88:Western Electric 54:aircraft of the 857: 856: 852: 851: 850: 848: 847: 846: 832: 831: 830: 829: 824: 812: 810: 806: 799: 785: 784: 780: 774: 772: 763: 753: 752: 748: 734: 732: 725: 721: 720: 716: 709: 707: 696: 691: 686: 685: 681:on 15 Feb 1959. 672: 668: 663: 644: 631: 575:64.033; -22.650 574: 572: 568: 565: 560: 557: 555: 553: 552: 533:65.533; -37.167 532: 530: 526: 523: 518: 515: 513: 511: 510: 495:65.183; -43.833 494: 492: 488: 485: 480: 477: 475: 473: 472: 454:66.483; -46.300 453: 451: 447: 444: 439: 436: 434: 432: 431: 412:66.633; -52.850 411: 409: 405: 402: 397: 394: 392: 390: 389: 378:Squadron Leader 357:66.667; -61.350 356: 354: 350: 347: 342: 339: 337: 335: 334: 327: 326: 325: 323: 317: 316: 315: 314: 310: 302: 301: 300: 296: 288: 287: 286: 282: 274: 273: 272: 268: 260: 259: 258: 254: 246: 245: 244: 240: 232: 231: 230: 226: 210: 105:From 1954, the 72: 12: 11: 5: 855: 853: 845: 844: 834: 833: 828: 827: 804: 797: 778: 761: 746: 714: 693: 692: 690: 687: 684: 683: 665: 664: 662: 659: 643: 640: 630: 627: 599: 598: 591: 549: 503: 462: 424: 319: 318: 312: 311: 304: 303: 298: 297: 290: 289: 284: 283: 276: 275: 270: 269: 262: 261: 256: 255: 248: 247: 242: 241: 234: 233: 228: 227: 220: 219: 213: 212: 211: 209: 206: 178:Denmark Strait 162:Bluie East Two 131:United Kingdom 107:U.S. Air Force 71: 68: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 854: 843: 840: 839: 837: 823: 820:from the 819: 808: 805: 800: 798:9788760169212 794: 790: 789: 782: 779: 770: 768: 766: 762: 757: 750: 747: 744: 731: 724: 718: 715: 705: 703: 701: 699: 695: 688: 680: 676: 670: 667: 660: 658: 656: 651: 649: 641: 639: 637: 628: 626: 624: 620: 616: 610: 608: 604: 596: 592: 589: 585: 579: 550: 547: 543: 537: 508: 504: 499: 470: 466: 463: 458: 429: 425: 422: 421:Holsteinsborg 416: 387: 383: 382: 381: 379: 375: 371: 370:Baffin Island 367: 361: 332: 322: 217: 207: 205: 203: 198: 196: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 170: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 146:Holsteinsborg 142: 140: 139:Cape Farewell 136: 132: 128: 127:Cape Farewell 124: 123:Bernt Balchen 120: 116: 112: 108: 103: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 80:Cape Lisburne 77: 69: 67: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 32:North America 30: 26: 22: 18: 807: 787: 781: 755: 749: 733:. Retrieved 717: 669: 652: 645: 632: 611: 600: 506: 468: 427: 385: 328: 324:DYE stations 199: 195:troposcatter 190:Texas Towers 174:Davis Strait 171: 154:Angmagssalik 152:Island near 143: 104: 73: 17:DYE Stations 16: 15: 773:Preface by 708:Preface by 573: / 531: / 493: / 452: / 410: / 355: / 208:Description 743:SMECC.org) 728:(Report). 182:Isafjordur 70:Background 711:Services. 629:Operation 469:Sob Story 386:Red River 366:Cape Dyer 160:airfield 84:Cape Dyer 76:CINCNORAD 44:AN/FPS-30 36:Greenland 836:Category 675:Reno ADS 636:GIUK gap 584:Keflavik 542:Cape Dan 428:Sea Bass 331:callsign 48:geodesic 25:DEW Line 735:25 July 689:Sources 605:in the 561:22°39′W 558:64°02′N 551:DYE-5 ( 546:Kulusuk 519:37°10′W 516:65°32′N 507:Big Gun 505:DYE-4 ( 481:43°50′W 478:65°11′N 440:46°18′W 437:66°29′N 426:DYE-2 ( 398:52°51′W 395:66°38′N 384:DYE-1 ( 343:61°21′W 340:66°40′N 150:Kulusuk 119:EC-121s 40:Iceland 23:of the 795:  642:Legacy 135:Kangeq 111:Azores 29:Arctic 726:(PDF) 679:25 AD 661:Notes 655:Dye 3 623:DEWIZ 619:NORAD 615:TACAN 465:DYE-3 364:) at 333:DYE, 313:DYE-6 299:DYE-5 285:DYE-4 271:DYE-3 257:DYE-2 243:DYE-1 186:Thule 158:USAAF 137:near 96:NORAD 60:NYANG 52:C-130 19:were 793:ISBN 737:2013 176:and 374:cf. 229:DYE 34:in 838:: 764:^ 697:^ 609:. 509:, 471:, 430:, 388:, 66:. 801:. 739:. 597:. 590:. 467:( 82:- 58:(

Index

Distant Early Warning Line sites
DEW Line
Arctic
North America
Greenland
Iceland
AN/FPS-30
geodesic
C-130
109th Airlift Wing
NYANG
Sondrestrom Air Base
CINCNORAD
Cape Lisburne
Cape Dyer
Western Electric
Sondrestrom Air Base
NORAD
Ent Air Force Base
U.S. Air Force
Azores
Joint Chiefs of Staff
EC-121s
Bernt Balchen
Cape Farewell
United Kingdom
Kangeq
Cape Farewell
Holsteinsborg
Kulusuk

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