980:"If the Harappa culture did not disappear after the Carpatho-Danubian invasion, how come the invaders themselves vanished, leaving no traces behind, or leaving, as Sir Wheeler put it, "nothing but a name?" How could the nomad Carpatho-Danubians, mainly a people of breeders, give birth not only to a new religion, but found splendid cities that outlived them to this day? How could the greatest and most complex literature in the world have come from these Carpatho-Danubian people? Actually, the whole Vedic literature is based on four texts (the oldest being Rig-Veda, Yajur-Veda and Sama-Veda, the later Athara-Veda and two poems resembling the Iliad and the Odyssey only two thousand years older; Ramnayana and Mahabharata have preserved a toponymy echoing that of the Aryan Carpatho-Danubians' homeland and share the same main theme – the enmity and rancor between two families fighting over the throne of Bahataral (according to some, today's Banat-Romania).
106:
1692:
au point de vue de l'influence méridionale sur les artisans de notre station de Poiana, à la fin de l'époque Latène, à laquelle il appartient. Même s'il ne s'agit que d'un jeu d'imitation de quelque potier gète, sa connaissance approximative des lettres grecques ou romaines prouve que les relations entre les Gètes de la
Moldavie et le monde gréco-romain d'outre Danube étaient devenues extrêmement étroites à la veille de la directe expansion romaine en Dacie.
3142:
3272:
3162:
65:
3152:
1023:
1641:
Este un bun prilej să demontăm un alt mit drag tracomanilor, anume cel al 'scrierii dacice' si al vechimii ei 'imemorabile'. 'Scrierea dacă' este pură inventie. Nu este nici măcar vorba de incertitudini, de chestiuni de interpretare (din ce punct de vedere privim) s.a.m.d., ci pur si simplu nu există
1691:
On ne possède malheureusement pas de plus grand fragment pour établir s'il s'agit d'une inscription en langue latine ou grecque, éventullement gète, ou plutôt d'une ornementation grossière en forme d'alphabet, oeuvre probable d'un potier illetré. Ce tesson présente dans tous les cas un grand intérêt
871:
an essay titled "The
Romanian Protochronism", arguing for Romanian chronological priority for some European achievements. The idea was promptly adopted by the nationalist Ceaușescu regime, which subsequently encouraged and amplified a cultural and historical discourse claiming the prevalence of
752:
present in
Romanian nationalism, one which also manifested itself in works not connected with Dacianism, mainly as a rejection of the ideas that Romanian territories only served as a colony of Rome, voided of initiative, and subject to an influx of Latins which would have completely wiped out a
1762:
The
Rumanian writer Eajden... fancies he has lighted upon the old Dacian alphabet, in an alphabet surviving till the last century amongst the Szeklers of Transylvania. But he has altogether overlooked the preliminary question, to what group of languages Dacian may
3612:
944:
Săvescu's most famous theory says that the
Romanians are not descendants of the Roman colonists and assimilated Dacians, as mainstream historians say, but that they are the descendants of only the Dacians, who spoke a language close to
1061:, Bucharest, " is pure fabrication purely and simply Dacian writing does not exist", adding that many scholars believe that the use of writing may have been subject to a religious taboo among the Dacians. It is known that the ancient
816:. The latter composed an intricate and unsupported theory on Dacia as the center of European prehistory, authoring a complete parallel to Romanian official history, which included among the Dacians such diverse figures as those of the
1780:
La théorie d'un alphabet dace est une fable; les caractères cyrilliques sont d'origine slave, non roumaine. Ce n'est que depuis le XV^ siècle que le peuple roumain les a admis dans son idiome national.
921:"Protochronism" was the party-sponsored ideology that claimed Romanian precedence in major scientific and cultural discoveries. It was actually the underpinning of Ceaușescu's nationalist tyranny.
626:
term describing the tendency to ascribe, largely relying on questionable data and subjective interpretation, an idealized past to the country as a whole. While particularly prevalent during the
1109:. Odobescu was the first to be fascinated by its writings, which were later dated to the 3rd or 4th century. In 2002, the controversial Romanian historian, Viorica Enăchiuc, stated that the
1642:
nici o scriere dacă Asa cum cred multi dintre învătati, este foarte posibil ca la daci, întocmai ca si la celti până la un anumit moment, scrierea să fi fost supusă unui tabu religios.
606:
140:
3517:
880:, arguing that the Dacians had produced a permanent and "unorganized State". The Dacians had been favored by several communist generations as autochthonous insurgents against an "
540:
510:
1124:
called protochronism as "the barren and paranoid nationalism", because protochronism claims that the Dacian language was the origin of Latin and all other languages, including
1089:
prior to the Roman invasion. Some
Romanian writers writing at the end of the 19th century and later identified as protochronists, particularly the Romanian poet and journalist
1798:
105:
740:. Despite the lack of supporting evidence, it is the official church stance, being found in history textbooks used in Romanian Orthodox seminaries and theology institutes.
2563:
2169:
2760:
3201:
1093:, an enthusiast amateur archaeologist, claimed to have discovered a Dacian alphabet. They were immediately criticized for archaeological and linguistic reasons.
170:
3707:
732:, in the belief that Dacians easily adopted and subsequently influenced the religion. Also, Christianity is argued to have been preached to the Daco-Romans by
480:
298:
1488:
933:, the interpretation still enjoys popularity in several circles. The main representative of current Protochronism was still Drăgan (now deceased), but the
599:
470:
399:
2999:
2790:
2785:
2711:
1058:
1005:
404:
130:
3104:
1706:"DESCOPERIREA SITULUI ARHEOLOGIC DE LA ZIMNICEA ȘI PRIMA ETAPĂ A CERCETĂRII SALE: 'EXPLORAȚIUNILE' LUI CEZAR BOLLIAC (1845, 1858?, 1869, 1871–1873)"
3290:
3587:
2032:
3898:
3527:
3502:
2148:
1620:
1457:
849:
was notably preoccupied with
Zalmoxis' cult, arguing in favor of its structural links with Christianity; his theory on Dacian history, viewing
592:
350:
185:
180:
3326:
3305:
1386:
845:
flirted with the concept, making considerable parallels between its projects and interpretations of what would have been
Zalmoxis' message.
1860:
2017:
485:
1085:(see illustration above), a probable illiterate imitation of Greek letters, indicates visual knowledge of the Greek alphabet during the
3672:
3446:
2716:
892:); however, Ceaușescu's was an interpretation with a distinct motivation, making a connection with the opinions of previous Dacianists.
155:
3873:
3852:
3658:
3557:
3552:
3341:
3194:
475:
903:, who continued championing the Dacian cause even after the fall of Ceaușescu. Critics regard these excesses as the expression of an
568:
3888:
3542:
3512:
3456:
2058:
1899:
952:
Other controversial theories of his include the
Dacians (or their ancestors) developing of the first alphabet in the world (see the
432:
356:
1806:
578:
3693:
3582:
3466:
3441:
3331:
872:
autochthony over any foreign influence. Ceaușescu's ideologues developed a singular concept after the 1974 11th
Congress of the
3461:
422:
3426:
3336:
2080:
2050:
3665:
3507:
3165:
1430:
3893:
3572:
3300:
3251:
3187:
291:
95:
80:
573:
3295:
1829:
530:
860:
investigated scores of previously ignored Dacian sites, which indirectly contributed to the idea's appeal at the time.
563:
558:
38:
3883:
3878:
3816:
3098:
930:
627:
336:
316:
3651:
3155:
427:
165:
1747:
3436:
3112:
3078:
2568:
2141:
1496:
900:
873:
774:
437:
331:
326:
321:
150:
3732:
3577:
3537:
3471:
3451:
3310:
2094:
346:
3532:
3522:
2648:
757:
145:
135:
120:
2865:
2857:
2110:
3837:
3785:
3763:
3622:
3497:
3004:
2953:
2910:
2875:
850:
379:
1968:
1519:
442:
3562:
3476:
3398:
2889:
2800:
2608:
1113:
is written in a Dacian alphabet. The equally controversial linguist Aurora Petan (2005) claims that some
914:
228:
2117:
2101:
953:
911:
and cultural isolation of the late Ceaușescu's regime came along with an increase in Dacianist messages.
706:
3421:
2165:
2134:
208:
826:
813:
809:
990:
His theories are, however, disregarded by historical journals and most historians, e.g. Mircea Babeș,
941:("We Dacians") and organized a yearly "International Congress of Dacology". Săvescu still does those.
3842:
3795:
3758:
3592:
3234:
3210:
3014:
2573:
2526:
2332:
1102:
1047:
937:-based physician Napoleon Săvescu took over after Drăgan's death. Together, they issued the magazine
904:
686:
631:
243:
160:
1628:
1465:
693:
and their civilization. Dacianists attempt to prove either that Dacians had a major part to play in
673:
terms for "first in time"), originally coined to refer to the supposed pioneering character of the
3617:
3388:
3042:
3032:
2896:
2725:
2419:
1411:"Ca și cînd precedentele reuniuni n-ar fi fost de ajuns, dacologii bat cîmpii in centrul Capitalei"
1054:
773:
not only claimed that Dacians gave Rome many of her Emperors (an idea supported in recent times by
749:
505:
495:
384:
223:
2070:
3811:
3393:
2968:
2583:
2009:
Ethymologicum Magnum Romaniae. Dicționarul limbei istorice și poporane a românilor (Pagini alese)
1892:
Rohonczi Codex: descifrare, transcriere si traducere (Déchiffrement, transcription et traduction)
1601:
1114:
1094:
1010:
737:
2991:
2984:
2086:
Historical myths, legitimating discourses, and identity politics in Ceaușescu's Romania (Part 1)
1868:
1670:
1086:
1082:
258:
3383:
3378:
2904:
2668:
2593:
2540:
2089:
2085:
2054:
1895:
1593:
1554:
1415:
1382:
1376:
1129:
1078:
662:
500:
447:
394:
72:
998:
and anachronistic and consider that there is not enough scientific evidence to support them.
3773:
3373:
3052:
3047:
3037:
2963:
2883:
2830:
2795:
2532:
1585:
1031:
857:
709:
as certain proof that writing originated on proto-Dacian territory, and the belief that the
674:
389:
248:
233:
720:
An additional, but not universal, feature is the attempted connection between the supposed
3821:
3351:
3244:
2958:
2598:
2550:
2121:
2105:
1743:
1121:
1000:
926:
838:
710:
694:
3431:
2047:
National Ideology under Socialism. Identity and Cultural Politics in Ceaușescu's Romania
3768:
3567:
3481:
3145:
3022:
2973:
2811:
2292:
1070:
1066:
957:
889:
685:
In this context, the term makes reference to the trend (noticed in several versions of
253:
705:, would have been created by Dacian migrants). Also noted are the exploitation of the
3867:
3780:
3753:
3261:
3027:
2943:
2765:
2755:
2588:
2578:
1605:
1280:
1141:
1090:
995:
934:
907:
course, amalgamating provincial frustrations and persistent nationalist rhetoric, as
846:
805:
702:
670:
452:
286:
2071:
www.dacii.ro: A site displaying prominent characteristics of Romanian Protochronism.
697:
or even that they had the ascendancy over all cultures (with a particular accent on
76:
3073:
2931:
2847:
2745:
2691:
2521:
2379:
2354:
2267:
2217:
2212:
1705:
1589:
1110:
1098:
1043:
817:
790:
761:
733:
729:
698:
238:
1573:
1546:
637:
The term refers to perceived aggrandizing of Dacian and earlier roots of today's
3847:
3714:
3686:
3346:
3239:
2927:
2322:
2277:
2272:
1997:
991:
881:
834:
802:
798:
714:
281:
213:
175:
1081:
in Greek script has been dated to the 5th century BC. A vase fragment from the
853:
as a limited phenomenon, is celebrated by contemporary partisans of Dacianism.
3790:
3700:
3547:
3271:
3256:
3127:
3068:
2653:
2643:
2374:
2183:
2081:
Monica Spiridon's essay on the intellectual origins of Romanian Protochronism.
2022:
1916:
864:
842:
721:
341:
218:
125:
1837:
1597:
1558:
1410:
1030:"Dacian alphabet" is a term used in Romanian protochronism and Dacianism for
2696:
2558:
2425:
2407:
2395:
2317:
2282:
2232:
1101:, inventoried the Fundul Peșterii cave, one of the Ialomiței caves (See the
1074:
885:
794:
778:
638:
190:
3170:
Dacian kingdoms succeeding Burebista's state and preceding Decebalus' state
756:
Dacianism most likely came about with the views professed in the 1870s by
64:
3679:
3229:
3122:
2750:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2678:
2658:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2401:
2369:
2349:
2307:
2287:
2262:
2237:
2222:
1943:
1106:
1097:, criticized some of Bolliac's conclusions. In 1871 Odobescu, along with
973:
782:
725:
1022:
17:
3627:
3179:
2673:
2503:
2488:
2470:
2413:
2257:
2242:
2227:
2188:
1062:
1035:
908:
888:
leadership of the 1950s proclaiming them to be closely linked with the
877:
765:
690:
623:
2978:
2948:
2663:
2623:
2465:
2442:
2364:
2359:
2312:
2302:
2207:
2198:
1050:, but has been completely rejected by mainstream modern scholarship.
634:, its origin in Romanian scholarship dates back more than a century.
535:
374:
1547:"Archaeology, Nationalism and "The History of the Romanians" (2001)"
1378:
Stalinism for All Seasons: A Political History of Romanian Communism
2459:
2344:
2252:
2247:
2203:
2193:
2157:
2018:
Mircea Martin, "Cultura română între comunism și naționalism" (II)
1799:"Scriitorii romani si narcoticele (1) De la Scavinski la Odobescu"
1125:
1039:
1021:
969:
961:
946:
896:
821:
786:
490:
68:
1785:А latin, cyrill, (ШК es székely irasjegyek kérdése a. románoknál.
736:, who is considered doubtfully as the clear origin of modern-day
2825:
2820:
2297:
2178:
965:
3183:
2130:
1046:. Its existence was first proposed in the late 19th century by
59:
Tendency to ascribe an idealized past to the country as a whole
2114:
2098:
856:
In a neutral context, the Romanian archaeology school led by
760:, one of the main points of the dispute between him and the
1749:
The science of language: linguistics, philology, etymology
2126:
2075:
777:), but also that the ruling dynasties of early medieval
1278:
Boia, p.152; Eliade, "Zalmoxis, The Vanishing God", in
42:
3518:
National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement
81:
idiosyncratic nationalist traits of Romanian Communism
2095:
Tracologie și Tracomanie (Thracology and Thracomania)
985:
The Conquest of India by the Carpatho-Danubian People
841:'s existence, the ideology increased its appeal. The
2033:
Ovidiu Șimonca, "Mircea Eliade și 'căderea în lume'"
1553:. 48–49. Institutul de Arheologie (București): 101.
1026:
A Dacian script or the work of an illiterate potter?
3830:
3804:
3746:
3724:
3643:
3636:
3605:
3490:
3414:
3407:
3366:
3319:
3279:
3217:
3091:
3061:
3013:
2926:
2874:
2856:
2843:
2809:
2774:
2709:
2616:
2607:
2549:
2514:
2501:
2479:
2452:
2435:
2388:
2331:
2164:
956:), the first set of laws or the Dacian conquest of
1073:, though possibly not as early as in neighbouring
994:and Alexandra Tomiță, who label these theories as
1787:(A Bp. Szernle 1887. évi oklób. sz.) Bpest, 1887.
1675:Dacia: Revue d'archéologie et d'histoire ancienne
1551:Dacia: Revue d'archéologie et d'histoire ancienne
641:. This phenomenon is also pejoratively labelled "
1944:"A possible Dacian royal archive on lead plates"
1381:. University of California Press. p. 319.
1192:Religion and Politics in Post-Communist Romania
978:
899:resident, former Iron Guardist and millionaire
3195:
2142:
2076:www.dacia.org: A site connected with Săvescu.
867:published in the mainstream cultural monthly
600:
8:
748:The ideas have been explained as part of an
1284:, Vol. 33, No. 4 (December 1974), p.807-809
876:, when they attached Dacianism to official
26:
3640:
3411:
3283:
3202:
3188:
3180:
2936:
2853:
2761:Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains
2613:
2511:
2337:
2149:
2135:
2127:
2037:Mircea Eliade. Le prisonnier de l'histoire
1778:(in French). Champion. 1888. p. 258.
1431:"Dacomania sau cum mai falsificãm istoria"
607:
593:
104:
86:
2115:Sorin Olteanu's LTDM Project (SOLTDM.COM)
2099:Sorin Olteanu's LTDM Project (SOLTDM.COM)
1894:(in Romanian and French). Editura Alcor.
1619:Gherasim, Gabriel Teodor (4 March 2007).
1256:
1254:
2111:Teme tracomanice (Thracomaniacal Themes)
1803:22 Revista Grupului Pentru Dialog Social
1375:Tismăneanu, Vladimir (15 October 2003).
63:
32:This is an accepted version of this page
2002:Istorie și mit în conștiința românească
1221:Boia, 138-139, 140, 147; Verdery, p.326
1153:
701:, which, in a complete reversal of the
94:
28:
3528:National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)
2026:, 44 (660)/XIII, October–November 2002
1669:Vulpe, Radu; Vulpe, Ecaterina (1933).
1545:Niculescu, Gheorghe Alexandru (2005).
1168:
1166:
1059:Vasile Pârvan Institute of Archaeology
1006:Vasile Pârvan Institute of Archaeology
895:The regime started a partnership with
186:Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy
3327:Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia
3306:Great National Assembly of Alba Iulia
1921:Thraco-Daco-Moesian Languages Project
1572:Arens, Meinolf; Bein, Daniel (2003).
1194:, Oxford University Press, 2007, p.48
1117:could contain unique Dacian scripts.
1034:claims of a supposed alphabet of the
1014:did not speak highly of him, either.
824:. The main volume of his writings is
797:. Other advocates of the idea before
689:) to ascribe a unique quality to the
511:Trial and execution of the Ceaușescus
7:
3708:Treceți, batalioane române, Carpații
3151:
1621:""Scrierea daca" este pura inventie"
1429:Manea, Irina-Maria (22 March 2017).
789:of Dacians established with "King" (
3447:Alliance for the Union of Romanians
3161:
2436:Dacian kingdom of Banat and Oltenia
1797:Oișteanu, Andrei (April 30, 2008).
1495:(in Romanian) (185). Archived from
3853:Unification of Moldova and Romania
3659:Dac-am plecat, Ardealule, din tine
3342:Union of Transylvania with Romania
3291:Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan
2482:southern Moldavia and Transylvania
1830:"Les ermitages des Monts de Buzau"
1574:"Katholische Ungarn in der Moldau"
1487:Babeș, Mircea (9 September 2003).
1464:(in Romanian) (79). Archived from
677:, is sometimes used as a synonym.
476:Bucharest student movement of 1956
57:
3543:National-Christian Defense League
1458:"Burebista, contemporanul nostru"
486:Jiu Valley miners' strike of 1977
3694:Pe-al nostru steag e scris Unire
3583:Everything For the Country Party
3442:National Identity Bloc in Europe
3332:Union of Bessarabia with Romania
3270:
3160:
3150:
3141:
3140:
2527:Art, jewellery, treasures, tools
1103:Romanian Knowledge (XXG) article
653:", while its proponents prefer "
3588:People's Party – Dan Diaconescu
3553:National Liberal Party-Brătianu
3462:Romanian Socialist Party (2003)
2564:Words of possible Dacian origin
2480:Dacian kingdom of Wallachia and
1834:Le site des monuments rupestres
1658:. Editura Enciclopedică Română.
1190:Lavinia Stan, Lucian Turcescu,
481:Dissent under Nicolae Ceaușescu
299:Ceaușescu's cult of personality
3337:Union of Bukovina with Romania
2389:Dacian nucleus in Transylvania
2051:University of California Press
1859:Ungureanu, Dan (May 6, 2003).
1752:. Chapmanand Hall. p. 292
1590:10.7788/saeculum.2003.54.2.213
1518:Corbea, Andrei (12 May 2003).
1:
3899:Socialist Republic of Romania
3673:Doamne, ocrotește-i pe români
3573:Romanian National Unity Party
3301:Wallachian Revolution of 1848
1969:"Doar o vorbă SĂȚ-I mai spun"
1867:(in Romanian). Archived from
1805:(in Romanian). Archived from
1456:Petre, Zoe (28 August 2001).
531:Soviet occupation (1944–1958)
3503:Democratic Nationalist Party
3296:Moldavian Revolution of 1848
2035:, review of Florin Țurcanu,
2004:, Bucharest, Humanitas, 1997
1975:(in Romanian). 26 March 1996
1654:Daicoviciu, Hadrian (1972).
1042:and its absorption into the
771:Etymologicum magnum Romaniae
713:survived all the way to the
3817:Re-latinization of Romanian
3508:Bessarabian Peasants' Party
1836:(in French). Archived from
553:Relations with other states
3915:
3079:Eastern Romance substratum
2011:, Bucharest, Minerva, 1970
1890:Enăchiuc, Vioroca (2002).
1008:, and the history journal
929:state structure after the
874:Communist Party of Romania
525:Relationship with the USSR
3874:Historiography of Romania
3733:Bessarabia, Romanian land
3578:Socialist Party of Labour
3538:National Fascist Movement
3472:Alliance for the Homeland
3452:Romanian Nationhood Party
3286:
3268:
3136:
3038:Sarmatiae (Devil's Dykes)
2939:
2687:
2453:Dacian kingdom of Dobruja
2340:
1861:"Nu trageti in ambulanta"
1713:Muzeul Județean Teleorman
1584:(2). Böhlau Verlag: 252.
1057:, a modern expert at the
1038:prior to the conquest of
181:People's Democratic Front
156:National Council of Women
3889:Romanian Communist Party
3558:National Socialist Party
3533:Romanian Communist Party
3523:National Romanian Fascio
1671:"Les fouilles de Poiana"
1347:Boia, p.155-157; 330-331
769:. For example, Hasdeu's
758:Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu
171:Romanian Orthodox Church
166:Ștefan Gheorghiu Academy
136:Union of Communist Youth
39:latest accepted revision
3838:Anti-Romanian sentiment
3786:Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen
3764:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
3498:Romanian National Party
3457:Social Democratic Party
3437:People's Movement Party
2911:Battle of Sarmizegetusa
1311:Boia, p.122-123; Martin
901:Iosif Constantin Drăgan
830:("Prehistoric Dacia").
775:Iosif Constantin Drăgan
465:Protests and resistance
141:Great National Assembly
90:Part of a series on the
3563:Crusade of Romanianism
3513:Democratic Union Party
3477:Romanian Village Party
3467:National Liberal Party
3399:Ferdinand I of Romania
2890:Second Battle of Tapae
1520:"Herodot si "Todoreh""
1027:
988:
925:No longer backed by a
923:
785:were descendants of a
666:
471:1940s–1950s resistance
428:Danube–Black Sea Canal
229:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
84:
3666:Deșteaptă-te, române!
3652:Cântă cucu-n Bucovina
3422:Greater Romania Party
2866:First Battle of Tapae
2041:Observatorul Cultural
1048:Romanian nationalists
1025:
919:
801:included the amateur
661:(anglicized from the
209:Constantin Ion Parhon
96:Socialist Republic of
67:
3894:Romanian nationalism
3843:Bessarabian question
3796:Corneliu Vadim Tudor
3593:United Romania Party
3427:New Generation Party
3211:Romanian nationalism
1828:Popescu, Florentin.
1499:on 30 September 2007
1489:"Renașterea Daciei?"
1338:Boia, p.154-155, 156
1293:Boia, p.152; Șimonca
905:economic nationalist
687:Romanian nationalism
438:Bărăgan deportations
3389:Alexandru Ioan Cuza
2897:Battle of Adamclisi
2045:Katherine Verdery,
1526:(in Romanian) (168)
1524:Observator Cultural
1493:Observator Cultural
1462:Observator Cultural
1212:Boia, p.85, 127-147
915:Vladimir Tismăneanu
750:inferiority complex
506:Romanian Revolution
224:Ion Gheorghe Maurer
75:apartment block in
71:-themed mural on a
29:Page version status
3884:National histories
3879:National mysticism
3812:Aromanian question
3394:Carol I of Romania
3252:National communism
2969:Dacia Mediterranea
2584:Sinaia lead plates
2569:Dacian plant names
2120:2007-11-13 at the
2104:2007-11-13 at the
1865:Oservator Cultural
1809:on January 5, 2011
1704:Măndescu, Dragoș.
1468:on 16 October 2007
1401:Babeș; Boia, p.356
1115:Sinaia lead plates
1095:Alexandru Odobescu
1053:In the opinion of
1028:
814:Nicolae Densușianu
738:Romanian Orthodoxy
327:Literacy campaigns
292:National communism
85:
35:
3861:
3860:
3759:Nicolae Ceaușescu
3742:
3741:
3623:Cîntarea României
3601:
3600:
3408:Political parties
3384:Michael the Brave
3379:Stephen the Great
3362:
3361:
3311:Bridge of Flowers
3177:
3176:
3087:
3086:
2922:
2921:
2839:
2838:
2705:
2704:
2594:Thracian language
2497:
2496:
1871:on March 27, 2004
1631:on 7 January 2011
1416:Evenimentul Zilei
1388:978-0-520-23747-6
1004:, journal of the
884:" Rome (with the
827:Dacia Preistorică
810:Teohari Antonescu
753:Dacian presence.
632:Nicolae Ceaușescu
617:
616:
501:Letter of the Six
395:Socialist realism
380:Cîntarea României
244:Nicolae Ceaușescu
79:, exhibiting the
16:(Redirected from
3906:
3641:
3618:Cenaclul Flacăra
3412:
3374:Vlad the Impaler
3284:
3274:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3181:
3164:
3163:
3154:
3153:
3144:
3143:
3107:
3105:sites in Romania
3053:Brazda lui Novac
3000:Towns and cities
2994:
2987:
2964:Diocese of Dacia
2937:
2913:
2899:
2892:
2854:
2831:Thracian warfare
2614:
2535:
2512:
2462:(1st-century BC)
2410:(9 BC(?)–30s AD)
2338:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2128:
2031:
2016:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1915:Olteanu, Sorin.
1912:
1906:
1905:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1794:
1788:
1783:Cf. Moldovan G.
1782:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1759:
1757:
1744:Hovelacque, Abel
1740:
1734:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
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1710:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1688:
1686:
1666:
1660:
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1638:
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1627:. Archived from
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1610:
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1569:
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1542:
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1535:
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1531:
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1509:
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1210:
1204:
1201:
1195:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1161:
1158:
1032:pseudohistorical
986:
954:Tărtăria tablets
707:Tărtăria tablets
675:Romanian culture
649:" or sometimes "
609:
602:
595:
541:De-satellization
496:Brașov Rebellion
390:Obsessive decade
385:Cenaclul Flacăra
337:De-Stalinization
317:Collectivization
234:Gheorghe Apostol
151:Patriotic Guards
108:
87:
21:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3826:
3822:Romanianization
3800:
3738:
3720:
3637:Popular culture
3632:
3597:
3486:
3403:
3358:
3352:Greater Romania
3315:
3275:
3266:
3245:Neo-Legionarism
3213:
3208:
3178:
3173:
3132:
3103:
3083:
3057:
3009:
2990:
2983:
2959:Dacia Aureliana
2918:
2909:
2895:
2888:
2870:
2850:
2846:
2835:
2814:
2805:
2796:Germanic tribes
2779:
2777:
2770:
2719:
2715:
2701:
2683:
2603:
2599:Thraco-Illyrian
2545:
2531:
2508:
2505:
2493:
2481:
2475:
2448:
2445:(c. 40–c. 9 BC)
2431:
2384:
2327:
2160:
2155:
2122:Wayback Machine
2106:Wayback Machine
2067:
2029:
2014:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1973:George Pruteanu
1967:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1942:Pețan, Aurora.
1941:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1917:"Raspuns Petan"
1914:
1913:
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1902:
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1337:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1320:Boia, p.117-126
1319:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1302:Boia, p.145-146
1301:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:Boia, p.147-148
1259:
1252:
1248:Boia, p.139-140
1247:
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1225:
1220:
1216:
1211:
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1202:
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1172:Boia, p.149-151
1171:
1164:
1160:Boia, p.160-161
1159:
1155:
1150:
1138:
1122:George Pruteanu
1071:Latin alphabets
1020:
987:
984:
931:1989 Revolution
839:Greater Romania
837:and throughout
746:
711:Dacian language
695:ancient history
683:
613:
584:
583:
554:
546:
545:
526:
518:
517:
466:
458:
457:
418:
410:
409:
370:
362:
361:
357:1980s austerity
347:Systematization
332:Five-Year Plans
322:Nationalization
312:
304:
303:
272:
264:
263:
259:Elena Ceaușescu
204:
196:
195:
121:Communist Party
116:
97:
60:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
50:
34:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3866:
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3859:
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3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3834:
3832:
3831:Related topics
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
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3814:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3769:Mihai Eminescu
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3568:Romanian Front
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3482:S.O.S. Romania
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3019:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2988:
2976:
2974:Dacia Ripensis
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2934:
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2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2416:(c. 30s–70 AD)
2411:
2405:
2399:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
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2139:
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2124:
2108:
2092:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2066:
2065:External links
2063:
2062:
2061:
2043:
2027:
2012:
2007:B. P. Hasdeu,
2005:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1960:
1934:
1907:
1900:
1882:
1851:
1820:
1789:
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1510:
1479:
1448:
1421:
1419:, 22 June 2002
1403:
1394:
1387:
1367:
1358:
1356:Verdary, p.343
1349:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1304:
1295:
1286:
1271:
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1250:
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1223:
1214:
1205:
1203:Verdery, p.177
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1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1137:
1134:
1111:Codex Rohonczi
1087:La Tène period
1083:La Tène period
1019:
1016:
982:
958:Western Europe
890:Slavic peoples
745:
742:
682:
679:
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448:Pitești prison
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443:Tămădău Affair
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3797:
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3787:
3784:
3782:
3781:Nicolae Iorga
3779:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3754:Ion Antonescu
3752:
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3606:Organizations
3604:
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3262:Protochronism
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3048:Trajan's Wall
3046:
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3043:Transalutanus
3041:
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3033:Porolissensis
3031:
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2422:(c. 69–87 AD)
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2398:(82/61–44 BC)
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2059:0-520-20358-5
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2030:(in Romanian)
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2019:
2015:(in Romanian)
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2010:
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1999:
1996:
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1974:
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1964:
1961:
1949:
1945:
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1901:973-8160-07-3
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3074:Thraco-Roman
2932:Free Dacians
2848:Roman Empire
2746:Piroboridava
2692:Dacian Draco
2574:Dacian names
2506:civilization
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2355:Dromichaetes
2268:Potulatenses
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1044:Roman Empire
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855:
851:Romanization
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658:
657:". The term
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650:
646:
642:
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618:
574:Soviet Union
433:Re-education
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239:Chivu Stoica
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47:27 July 2024
46:
37:This is the
31:
3848:Moldovenism
3715:Trei culori
3687:Hora Unirii
3347:Great Union
3240:Legionarism
3235:Irredentism
3166:WikiProject
3099:Archaeology
2928:Roman Dacia
2712:Settlements
2504:Culture and
2428:(87–106 AD)
2404:(44 BC–???)
2323:Troglodytae
2278:Rhadacenses
2273:Predasenses
1998:Lucian Boia
1435:historia.ro
1365:Boia, p.338
1329:Boia, p.120
1269:Boia, p.320
1230:Boia, p.268
1181:Boia, p.169
992:Lucian Boia
882:Imperialist
835:World War I
799:World War I
715:Middle Ages
669:, from the
651:Thracomania
569:North Korea
282:July Theses
254:Ilie Verdeț
214:Petru Groza
3868:Categories
3791:Horia Sima
3701:Pui de lei
3548:Iron Guard
3257:Poporanism
3128:Thracology
3069:Daco-Roman
2905:Second War
2717:Fortresses
2654:Pleistoros
2644:Gebeleizis
2375:Rubobostes
2184:Albocenses
2023:Revista 22
1992:References
1979:21 January
1953:January 8,
1927:January 9,
1875:January 8,
1844:January 9,
1813:January 9,
1756:January 9,
1733:Boia, p.92
1719:January 9,
1685:January 9,
1239:Boia, p.82
1130:Babylonian
1077:where the
939:Noi, Dacii
869:Secolul XX
865:Edgar Papu
843:Iron Guard
722:monotheism
579:Yugoslavia
423:Censorship
417:Repression
342:Decree 770
219:Ana Pauker
126:Securitate
3225:Dacianism
3118:Dacianism
2884:First War
2778:relations
2697:Kogaionon
2559:Belagines
2533:bracelets
2515:Artifacts
2426:Decebalus
2408:Comosicus
2396:Burebista
2318:Tyragetae
2283:Saldenses
2233:Costoboci
1948:Antiquity
1635:9 January
1606:201277080
1598:0080-5319
1559:0070-251X
1065:used the
886:Stalinist
795:Burebista
791:chieftain
779:Wallachia
728:cult and
647:Dacopathy
643:Dacomania
639:Romanians
620:Dacianism
277:Dacianism
191:Comturist
3805:Policies
3680:Drum bun
3230:Dacology
3218:Ideology
3146:Category
3123:Dacology
3092:Research
3023:Alutanus
2858:Domitian
2751:Sucidava
2741:Cumidava
2736:Buridava
2731:Argidava
2679:Zalmoxis
2669:Seirenes
2659:Sabazios
2639:Dionysus
2634:Derzelas
2629:Deceneus
2609:Religion
2551:Language
2541:Clothing
2402:Deceneus
2370:Rhemaxos
2350:Cothelas
2308:Teurisci
2288:Scaugdae
2263:Piephigi
2238:Crobidae
2223:Ciaginsi
2118:Archived
2102:Archived
2090:(Part 2)
2053:, 1991.
1746:(1877).
1625:Noi, NU!
1578:Saeculum
1530:1 August
1503:1 August
1472:1 August
1441:1 August
1136:See also
1011:Saeculum
983:—
974:Americas
972:and the
863:In 1974
783:Moldavia
726:Zalmoxis
681:Overview
663:Romanian
655:Dacology
624:Romanian
311:Policies
271:Ideology
176:Scînteia
161:Pioneers
43:reviewed
18:Dacopath
3725:Phrases
3628:Junimea
3415:Current
3367:Figures
3156:Commons
3062:Culture
3028:Moesiae
2812:Warfare
2776:Foreign
2674:Silenus
2617:Deities
2522:Coinage
2489:Dicomes
2471:Zyraxes
2414:Scorilo
2258:Peukini
2228:Clariae
2189:Anartes
1763:belong.
1105:) near
1063:Dacians
1036:Dacians
917:wrote:
909:autarky
897:Italian
878:Marxism
766:Junimea
744:History
724:of the
691:Dacians
369:Culture
203:Leaders
98:Romania
77:Orăștie
3491:Former
3280:Events
3005:Castra
2992:Column
2985:Bridge
2979:Trajan
2949:Moesia
2876:Trajan
2801:Romans
2786:Greeks
2664:Semele
2624:Bendis
2466:Rholes
2443:Cotiso
2365:Oroles
2360:Moskon
2313:Trixae
2303:Terizi
2293:Senses
2208:Bessoi
2199:Biephi
2166:Tribes
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1898:
1604:
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1557:
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1075:Thrace
833:After
820:, and
645:" or "
628:regime
536:SovRom
400:Emblem
375:Daciad
69:Dacian
3774:Doina
3644:Songs
3613:ASTRA
3113:Books
3015:Limes
2791:Celts
2756:Davae
2649:Kotys
2460:Dapyx
2420:Duras
2345:Coson
2333:Kings
2253:Moesi
2248:Getae
2218:Carpi
2204:Bessi
2194:Apuli
2158:Dacia
2039:, in
2020:, in
1709:(PDF)
1681:: 342
1656:Dacii
1602:S2CID
1413:, in
1148:Notes
1126:Hindi
1107:Buzău
1067:Greek
1040:Dacia
1001:Dacia
970:Japan
962:India
947:Latin
822:Horea
787:caste
622:is a
564:Italy
559:China
491:SLOMR
351:Rural
2826:Sica
2821:Falx
2298:Suci
2243:Daci
2179:Aedi
2170:List
2055:ISBN
1981:2020
1955:2011
1929:2011
1896:ISBN
1877:2011
1846:2011
1815:2011
1758:2011
1721:2011
1687:2011
1637:2011
1594:ISSN
1555:ISSN
1532:2019
1505:2019
1474:2019
1443:2019
1383:ISBN
1128:and
1069:and
966:Iraq
812:and
781:and
405:Flag
131:Army
2714:and
2113:at
2097:at
1679:3–4
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