136:
118:
3483:
1554:- lived in the Lujiatun Beds of the Yixian Formation. Rather than strict coexistence, it is possible that they replaced each other over time, or were geographically and ecologically segregated. Shen and colleagues identified the sinovenatorines as a localized radiation of troodontids confined to Liaoning during the Early Cretaceous; a similar radiation occurred with the many
3460:
1503:
avascular bone (i.e. bone lacking neurovascular canals). Thin peripheral growth bands are visible between the LAGs in the outer two zones of the radius, which constitute an external fundamental system (EFS). The presence of an EFS suggests minimal growth rates, indicating that the individual may have reached
1502:
Across the four zones, the neurovascular canals are denser in the first zone than in subsequent zones, indicating that growth was most intensive during the first year of life and rapidly decreased later on. Subsequent minor fluctuations in growth rate are reflected by alternating bands of osteons and
700:
is known from a single nearly-complete skeleton preserved in three dimensions. Parts of the specimen had been reconstructed and do not represent genuine fossil material, including the back of the skull and the rear portion of the lower jaw. Furthermore, the shoulder girdles are missing from the
873:. Several characteristics distinguish this subgroup, but were used by Shen and colleagues to diagnose the wider Sinovenatorinae: the premaxilla is only 10% the length of the maxilla at the bottom of the jaw; there is a contact between the premaxilla and the
1489:
into four distinct zones within the radius, indicating that the individual was at least four years of age when it died. (There appear to only be two LAGs within the ulna.) These estimates were to considered to be lower bounds, because expansion of the
1511:
layer, as well as some ill-defined osteons in the third zone, provide evidence that growth had still not finalized at the time of death. Overall, anatomical and histological evidence suggests that the individual grew quickly, but was only in the late
662:
at the bottom of the first metatarsal is larger than the inner one. The second metatarsal is unusually shorter than the fourth, with the bottom end of the second terminating before the trochlea or "knuckle" of the fourth; the opposite is the case in
1494:
within the bone could have obliterated additional LAGs. The seasonal growth may have been triggered by periods of low temperature; a similar phenomenon is observed among modern animals living in cold climates, including even
816:
to be placed in the
Troodontidae, concurring with previous assessments: the teeth are numerous and closely packed; the bar of the premaxilla separating the nostrils is flattened; there is a groove on the side of the
821:
in the lower jaw; the neural spines are replaced by shallow grooves towards the end of the tail; and the metatarsals are asymmetrical, with the fourth being more robust than the second. The analysis also found that
684:
is best distinguished by the large claw on the fourth (outermost) digit of its foot. While troodontids are well known for the sickle-like claws on the second digits of their feet, the claw on the fourth digit of
1456:
suggest that its running capabilities were better-developed than those of other troodontids. At the same time, the possible presence of uncinate processes on its ribs would have provided reinforcement for the
597:. Further below, he first digit of the hand is the most robust, and the claw of that digit bears a distinctly deep groove on its side. Meanwhile, the claw of the third digit is the smallest.
705:. The head and neck of the fossil are curled backwards, while the tail itself is curved forwards; the left arm is extended while the right arm is tucked inwards. The specimen was found in
1499:
mammals. However, the individual probably died during a warm period, based on the tightly spaced deposition and the presence of primary osteons near the outer surface of the bone.
2826:
Amiot, R.; Wang, X.; Zhou, Z.; Wang, X.; Buffetaut, E.; LĂ©cuyer, C.; Ding, Z.; Fluteau, F.; Hibino, T.; Kusuhashi, N.; Mo, J.; Suteethorn, V.; Wang, Y.; Xu, X.; Zhang, F. (2011).
1918:
Russell, D.; Dong, Z. (1993). "A nearly complete skeleton of a new troodontid dinosaur from the Early
Cretaceous of the Ordos Basin, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China".
627:. On the femur, which is strongly bowed, the process known as the lateral crest is lower than another process, the posterior trochanter, whereas they are at the same level in
689:
is the same length as the second, and is also considerably more robust. However, the flexor tubercle, a muscular attachment, is not well-developed on the fourth claw.
485:, the bottom edge of the lower jaw is straight and not convex. There are at least 21 tooth positions in the upper jaw and 24 in the lower; the latter is less than
2130:
Chang, S.-C.; Gao, K.-Q.; Zhou, Z.-F.; Jourdan, F. (2017). "New chronostratigraphic constraints on the Yixian
Formation with implications for the Jehol Biota".
2630:
Jiang, B.; FĂĽrsich, F.T.; Sha, J.; Wang, B.; Niu, Y. (2011). "Early
Cretaceous volcanism and its impact on fossil preservation in Western Liaoning, NE China".
1565:
informative anatomical differences between different members of the group. However, it is possible that some of these differences may arise from individual or
3563:
328:
is unusual in possessing an enlarged claw on the fourth digit of the foot, in addition to the "sickle claw" found on the second digit of the feet of most
493:, however, teeth towards the back of the mouth have small serrations on their rear edges. The four premaxillary teeth are not recurved but D-shaped.
2333:
3578:
2895:
3583:
2404:
881:
known as zygapophyses are unfused in the sacrals; and the process known as the antitrochanter is located behind and above the hip socket, or
2791:
Chen, P.; Wang, Q.; Zhang, H.; Cao, M.; Li, W.; Wu, S.; Shen, Y. (2005). "Jianshangou Bed of the Yixian
Formation in West Liaoning, China".
2709:
2038:
Norell, M.A.; Makovicky, P.J. (1999). "Important features of the dromaeosaurid skeleton II: information from newly collected specimens of
1516:
stage of life. The three-phase model of bone growth - rapid growth followed by slowed growth and formation of the EFS - is also seen in
701:
fossil, as is the right hindlimb; the left humerus, most of the pelvis, and the last few caudal vertebrae are buried in the surrounding
2205:
Woodward, H.N.; Horner, J.R.; Farlow, J.O. (2011). "Osteohistological
Evidence for Determinate Growth in the American Alligator".
1753:
plants dominates the contemporary
Jianshangou Beds. Mean annual air temperatures were cold in the region during the Barremian and
3476:
1987:
Xu, X.; Norell, M.A.; Wang, X.-L.; Makovicky, P.J.; Wu, X.-C. (2002). "A basal troodontid from the Early
Cretaceous of China".
1766:
1771:
2422:"Basal titanosauriform (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) teeth from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China"
463:. There are two openings of the skull in front of the eyes: the teardrop-shaped premaxillary fenestra, and the large, oval
2240:
de
Andrade, R.C.L.P.; Bantim, R.A.M.; de Lima, F.J.; dos Santos Campos, L.; de Sousa Eleutério, L.H.; Sayão, J.M. (2015).
3568:
1572:
A wide variety of dinosaurs lived in the
Lujiatun Beds alongside the sinovenatorines. These included the microraptorine
135:
2756:
Evans, S.E.; Wang, Y.; Jones, M.E.H. (2007). "An aggregation of lizard skeletons from the Lower Cretaceous of China".
2194:] (in Russian). Translated by Salkind, F. Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations Press. p. 26.
1879:
Shen, C.; Lü, J.; Gao, C.; Hoshino, M.; Uesugi, K.; Kundrát, M. (2018). "Forearm bone histology of the small theropod
623:, albeit by a shorter distance. The bottom edge of the rear of the ilium is very concave, instead of being flat like
897:, with the two sharing the bifurcation of the chevrons at both ends near the end of the tail; and the fusion of the
2888:
528:
337:
2092:
LĂĽ, J. (2003). "A new oviraptorosaurid (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of southern China".
2390:"A New Basal Ornithomimosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, Northeast China"
1561:
which lived at roughly the same place and time. Sinovenatorines also paralleled dromaeosaurids in the minute but
2105:
507:, and at least twenty-eight caudal vertebrae in the tail. Out of the sacral vertebrae, the fifth has the widest
2992:
2456:"Lujiatun Psittacosaurids: Understanding Individual and Taphonomic Variation Using 3D Geometric Morphometrics"
1849:
2065:
Xu, X.; Pittman, M.; Sullivan, C.; Choiniere, J.N.; Tan, Q.W.; Clark, J.M.; Norell, M.A.; Shuo, W. (2015).
750:
3503:
2563:
2066:
1735:
827:
3588:
3535:
2881:
1461:, as well as an increase in the effectiveness of the muscles involved in breathing, as in modern birds.
1955:"New information on Cretaceous troodontids (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the People's Republic of China"
619:. The two halves of the ilium are distinctly separated starting at the level of the third sacral, like
1538:
for understanding the evolution of feathered dinosaurs, including birds. All of the sinovenatorines -
324:, named in 2017 by Shen and colleagues from a nearly complete skeleton preserved in three dimensions.
3573:
3486:
3046:
2467:
2364:
2139:
1996:
1927:
1535:
2314:
Deinonychosaurian Fossils From the Jehol Group of Western Liaoning and the Coelurosaurian Evolution
1727:. Many of the Lujiatun fossils exhibit exceptional three-dimensional preservation; the presence of
1513:
878:
759:
464:
1822:"A New Troodontid Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China"
3257:
3019:
2808:
2773:
2732:
2609:
2356:
2222:
2109:
2020:
1900:
1854:
1695:
1562:
898:
784:
589:; meanwhile, the second metacarpal is shorter than the third, which the opposite is true in both
500:
406:
130:
3540:
3459:
1821:
3245:
3157:
3135:
2859:
2690:
2544:
2495:
2400:
2263:
2012:
1615:
1610:
1603:
1588:
902:
877:
below the level of the nostril; there are no serrations on the front edges of some teeth; the
659:
554:
117:
2828:"Oxygen isotopes of East Asian dinosaurs reveal exceptionally cold Early Cretaceous climates"
2334:"Non-Avian dinosaur fossils from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning, China"
804:
was conducted by Shen and colleagues, who modified the Theropod Working Group dataset to add
3444:
3423:
3201:
2849:
2839:
2800:
2765:
2724:
2680:
2670:
2639:
2601:
2534:
2526:
2485:
2475:
2436:
2348:
2316:(Ph.D. thesis). Beijing: Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. pp. 1–322.
2294:
2253:
2214:
2147:
2101:
2047:
2004:
1969:
1935:
1892:
1844:
1836:
1606:
1579:
1518:
1491:
1361:
1115:
915:
722:
706:
702:
651:
582:
439:, which measures 13.8 centimetres (5.4 in) long, is proportionally larger than that of
341:
333:
311:
1662:
was the most common, with thousands of specimens being known, followed by troodontids and
3416:
3308:
3281:
3237:
3179:
2977:
2242:"New data about the presence and absence of the external fundamental system in archosaurs"
1558:
1555:
1478:
1378:
1183:
928:
843:
367:
232:
1749:. Fossils of invertebrates and plants are absent from the Lujiatun Beds, but pollen from
573:
is relatively long, with the deltopectoral crest taking up 24% of its length, similar to
2471:
2281:
Varricchio, D.J. (1993). "Bone microstructure of the Upper Cretaceous theropod dinosaur
2143:
2000:
1931:
3387:
3274:
3216:
3209:
3186:
3164:
3128:
2854:
2827:
2685:
2658:
2539:
2514:
2490:
2455:
2166:
1746:
1723:
1671:
1640:
1592:
1583:
1470:
1313:
1197:
1152:
755:
477:
423:
362:
2421:
2258:
1954:
3557:
2812:
2241:
1904:
1858:
1711:
1574:
801:
779:
68:
2777:
2613:
2592:(Mammalia) from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia and Revision of Gobiconodontidae".
2389:
2360:
2226:
2113:
385:
measuring approximately 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) in length, similar in size to
3408:
3394:
3380:
3365:
3349:
3289:
3193:
3143:
3114:
3092:
3058:
2904:
2515:"New basal eutherian mammal from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota, Liaoning, China"
2298:
2024:
1654:
1631:
1482:
1074:
961:
940:
847:
789:
767:
718:
604:
533:
382:
301:
262:
219:
2728:
2710:"A juvenile anuran from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation, Liaoning, China"
1896:
1507:
at this size. However, the presence of some neurovascular canals near the surface
3526:
2675:
2643:
2480:
2440:
2185:
2151:
3373:
3338:
3331:
3266:
3230:
3223:
3150:
3031:
1741:
deposits suggests that the animals were killed suddenly and catastrophically by
1738:
1701:
1683:
1677:
1627:
1486:
1262:
1221:
1091:
673:
539:
393:
387:
356:
350:
43:
671:. The third metatarsal is partially obscured from behind by the fourth, unlike
3401:
2943:
2934:
2605:
2187:
Opredelenie vozrasta mlekopitaiď¸ u︡shchikh po sloistym strukturam zubov i kosti
1717:
1689:
1636:
1508:
1496:
1019:
978:
908:
The results of the analysis conducted by Shen and colleagues are shown below.
882:
874:
770:
after the province of Liaoning. Later, Shen, Lü, Gao, and Kundrát published a
448:
193:
88:
53:
2399:. Life of the Past. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 467–487.
2267:
3437:
3358:
3004:
2952:
2844:
1840:
1750:
1731:
1622:
1618:
782:
of DNHM D2885, along with Masato Hoshino and Kentaro Uesugi, in the journal
771:
714:
545:
304:
206:
147:
93:
37:
30:
2863:
2694:
2548:
2530:
2499:
2173:(2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 184–195.
2016:
2659:"Anurans from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of Western Liaoning, China"
3520:
3324:
3171:
2928:
1566:
1531:
1504:
1458:
1002:
818:
766:
after the city of Dalian, where the fossil is stored, and they named the
742:
730:
508:
402:
398:
307:
180:
167:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
1820:
Shen, C.; Lü, J.; Liu, S.; Kundrát, M.; Brusatte, S.L.; Gao, H. (2017).
3430:
3297:
2961:
2769:
1337:
726:
566:
329:
310:, measuring approximately 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) long, from the
98:
73:
2922:
2804:
2218:
2051:
1883:(Paraves: Troodontidae) from the Yixian Formation, Liaoning, China".
1754:
1598:
1474:
738:
531:, in the form of curved and rod-like projections similar to those of
504:
293:
157:
3497:
2352:
2008:
1973:
1939:
1481:. Seasonal bone growth is apparent through the thin sections; three
1473:
specimen DNHM D2885 indicate that the bones are devoid of secondary
748:
In 2017, DNHM D2885 was described in a research paper published in
519:. The front margin of the process is also less strongly concave in
2192:
Age determination of mammals from annual layers in teeth and bones
1742:
734:
636:
608:
315:
297:
2564:"Review of recent advances on study of Mesozoic mammals in China"
1534:
region of northeastern China has been one of the most productive
2397:
Bernissart Dinosaurs and Early Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems
1728:
775:
710:
3501:
2915:
2877:
2873:
427:, its closest relatives, but differs from them in subtle ways.
737:. It is stored in the Dalian Natural History Museum (DNHM) in
524:
455:, while another projection below the nostril is straight like
639:
is about 1.4 times the length of the femur; it is smaller in
549:. These structures are unprecedented among troodontids. Like
854:, the possession of a wide and flattened fourth metatarsal.
2106:
10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0871:ANOTOF]2.0.CO;2
2067:"The taxonomic status of the Late Cretaceous dromaeosaurid
677:; this is only partially caused by crushing of the fossil.
451:
above the nostril is flattened instead of rod-like like in
1669:
Mammals were also present in the Lujiatun Beds, including
812:. They used the analysis to identify traits that allowed
340:(a first among troodontids). In the Lujiatun Beds of the
2169:. In Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, P.; OsmĂłlska, H. (eds.).
1666:. No fossils of birds are known from the Lujiatun Beds.
527:
of two of the dorsal vertebrae unusually appear to bear
344:, a volcanically-influenced region with a cold climate,
585:
is strongly curved in the vertical plane, more so than
830:
along with other troodontids in the Yixian Formation:
2657:
Dong, L.; RoÄŤek, Z.; Wang, Y.; Jones, M.E.H. (2013).
381:
is a small, lightly-built, and most likely feathered
2327:
2325:
2323:
3510:
3348:
3307:
3256:
3112:
3057:
3030:
3003:
2976:
2071:
and its implications for dromaeosaurid systematics"
905:on the femur into a continuous trochanteric crest.
1757:epochs, being as cold as 10 °C (50 °F).
447:also has a smaller nostril. The projection of the
2632:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
2132:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1850:20.500.11820/dc010682-fce0-4db4-bef6-7b2b29f5be8a
788:. For this analysis, they destructively sampled
581:. There are three digits on the hand. The first
2832:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2625:
2623:
1469:Thin sections from the ulna and radius of the
607:that is proportionally larger compared to the
557:are long, plate-like, and directed backwards.
2889:
2708:Wang, Y.; Jones, M.E.H.; Evans, S.E. (2007).
8:
1721:have also been found, along with the lizard
2513:Hu, Y.; Meng, J.; Li, C.; Wang, Y. (2010).
503:, probably thirteen dorsal vertebrae, five
3498:
3120:
3109:
3036:
3009:
2982:
2973:
2912:
2896:
2882:
2874:
2562:Wang, Y.-Q.; Hu, Y.-M.; Li, C.-K. (2006).
2184:Klevezal, G.A.; KleÄnenberg, S.E. (1969).
116:
20:
2853:
2843:
2793:Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences
2684:
2674:
2538:
2489:
2479:
2257:
1848:
643:, at 1.25 times the length of the femur.
2388:Jin, L.; Jun, C.; Godefroit, P. (2012).
2125:
2123:
792:from the midshaft portion of the bones.
762:, and Gao Hailong. They named the genus
745:, under the specimen number DNHM D2885.
553:, the bottom end of the anterior caudal
348:lived alongside its closest relatives -
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1783:
2165:Makovicky, P.J.; Norell, M.A. (2004).
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
869:formed a subgroup to the exclusion of
721:deposits of the Lujiatun Beds of the
409:of the only known specimen. Overall,
397:. Typical of mature troodontids, the
336:, and apparently possesses bird-like
7:
2588:Lopatin, A.; Averianov, A. (2015). "
2420:Barrett, P.M.; Wang, X.-L. (2007).
2246:Caderno de Cultura e CiĂŞncia, Ano X
1353:
1329:
1305:
1237:
1213:
1189:
1131:
1107:
1053:
994:
953:
946:
921:
911:
515:, while the third is the widest in
3564:Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
2519:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
2454:Hedrick, B.P.; Dodson, P. (2013).
2287:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2094:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1962:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
1920:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
842:. This group, which was named the
725:, in the village of Lujiatun near
14:
2259:10.14295/cad.cult.cienc.v14i1.932
489:(27) and other troodontids. Like
3482:
3481:
3458:
1452:The long metatarsals present in
366:, with which it forms the group
318:. It contains a single species,
134:
1953:Currie, P.J.; Dong, Z. (2001).
1767:Timeline of troodontid research
885:. Finally, the analysis united
2594:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
2299:10.1080/02724634.1993.10011490
1772:2017 in archosaur paleontology
758:, Liu Sizhao, Martin Kundrát,
1:
3579:Fossil taxa described in 2017
2729:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.07.003
2332:Xu, X.; Norell, M.A. (2006).
1897:10.1080/08912963.2017.1360296
754:and authored by Shen Caizhi,
654:than other troodontids. Like
2676:10.1371/journal.pone.0069723
2644:10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.01.016
2481:10.1371/journal.pone.0069265
2441:10.1016/j.palwor.2007.07.001
2152:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.09.026
1660:Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis
1641:Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis
1477:, or osteons formed through
857:Within the Sinovenatorinae,
1724:Dalinghosaurus longidigitus
1575:Graciliraptor lujiatunensis
3605:
2395:. In Godefroit, P. (ed.).
1881:Daliansaurus liaoningensis
1655:Liaoceratops yanzigouensis
271:Daliansaurus liaoningensis
16:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
3584:Taxa named by LĂĽ Junchang
3471:
3456:
3123:
3108:
3089:
3039:
3012:
2985:
2972:
2911:
2606:10.1007/s10914-014-9267-4
2044:American Museum Novitates
2040:Velociraptor mongoliensis
1696:Meemannodon lujiatunensis
1684:Juchilestes liaoningensis
1664:Jeholosaurus shangyuensis
1632:Jeholosaurus shangyuensis
1593:Shenzhousaurus orientalis
1375:
1358:
1351:
1334:
1327:
1310:
1303:
1259:
1242:
1235:
1218:
1211:
1194:
1187:
1149:
1136:
1129:
1112:
1105:
1088:
1071:
1058:
1051:
1016:
999:
992:
975:
958:
951:
944:
926:
919:
268:
261:
131:Scientific classification
129:
124:
115:
23:
1584:Incisivosaurus gauthieri
1483:lines of arrested growth
407:dorsal (trunk) vertebrae
2845:10.1073/pnas.1011369108
2758:Senckenbergiana Lethaea
1841:10.1111/1755-6724.13307
1718:Mesophryne beipiaoensis
1672:Acristatherium yanensis
2571:Vertebrata PalAsiatica
2531:10.1098/rspb.2009.0203
2207:Journal of Herpetology
2075:Vertebrata PalAsiatica
2069:Linheraptor exquisitus
1702:Repenomamus giganticus
1626:, based on teeth; the
828:evolutionary radiation
3536:Paleobiology Database
1829:Acta Geologica Sinica
802:phylogenetic analysis
751:Acta Geologica Sinica
1690:Maotherium asiaticus
1650:Hongshanosaurus houi
1485:(LAGs) separate the
893:to the exclusion of
693:Discovery and naming
509:transverse processes
125:Life reconstruction
3569:Feathered dinosaurs
2717:Cretaceous Research
2472:2013PLoSO...869265H
2144:2017PPP...487..399C
2001:2002Natur.415..780X
1932:1993CaJES..30.2163R
1712:Liaobatrachus zhaoi
879:articular processes
850:not observable for
713:old, dating to the
680:Among troodontids,
465:antorbital fenestra
431:Skull and vertebrae
413:is very similar to
332:. It also has long
3258:Jinfengopteryginae
2770:10.1007/BF03043910
2341:Geological Journal
1885:Historical Biology
1678:Gobiconodon zofiae
903:lesser trochanters
846:, was united by a
826:formed a distinct
785:Historical Biology
529:uncinate processes
501:cervical vertebrae
499:has at least nine
338:uncinate processes
3551:
3550:
3504:Taxon identifiers
3495:
3494:
3467:
3466:
3454:
3453:
3246:Halszkaraptorinae
3158:Hesperornithoides
3136:Archaeornithoides
3104:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3076:
2838:(13): 5179–5183.
2525:(1679): 229–236.
2406:978-0-253-35721-2
1995:(6873): 780–784.
1968:(12): 1753–1766.
1926:(10): 2163–2173.
1505:skeletal maturity
1444:
1443:
1435:
1434:
1426:
1425:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1407:
1399:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1292:
1291:
1283:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1173:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1040:
1039:
1031:
1030:
401:are fused to the
285:
284:
257:
3596:
3544:
3543:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3499:
3485:
3484:
3462:
3424:Stenonychosaurus
3202:Polyodontosaurus
3121:
3110:
3037:
3010:
2983:
2974:
2967:
2966:
2913:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2875:
2868:
2867:
2857:
2847:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2805:10.1360/04yd0038
2788:
2782:
2781:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2737:
2731:. Archived from
2714:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2688:
2678:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2627:
2618:
2617:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2568:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2542:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2493:
2483:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2426:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2394:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2369:
2363:. Archived from
2347:(3–4): 419–437.
2338:
2329:
2318:
2317:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2283:Troodon formosus
2278:
2272:
2271:
2261:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2219:10.1670/10-274.1
2202:
2196:
2195:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2127:
2118:
2117:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2035:
2029:
2028:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1959:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1876:
1863:
1862:
1852:
1826:
1817:
1611:Dilong paradoxus
1589:ornithomimosaurs
1519:Stenonychosaurus
1492:medullary cavity
1354:
1330:
1306:
1238:
1214:
1190:
1132:
1108:
1054:
995:
954:
947:
922:
916:Deinonychosauria
912:
774:analysis of the
760:Stephen Brusatte
723:Yixian Formation
707:Early Cretaceous
652:metatarsal bones
650:has much longer
646:Proportionally,
505:sacral vertebrae
403:vertebral centra
342:Yixian Formation
334:metatarsal bones
321:D. liaoningensis
312:Early Cretaceous
251:
244:
231:
218:
139:
138:
120:
110:
40:
29:Temporal range:
21:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3539:
3534:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3506:
3496:
3491:
3463:
3450:
3417:Saurornithoides
3344:
3309:Sinovenatorinae
3303:
3282:Liaoningvenator
3252:
3238:Anchiornithidae
3180:Liaoningvenator
3117:
3096:
3073:
3053:
3026:
2999:
2993:Avemetatarsalia
2978:Avemetatarsalia
2968:
2918:
2917:
2907:
2902:
2872:
2871:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2712:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2629:
2628:
2621:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2424:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2353:10.1002/gj.1044
2336:
2331:
2330:
2321:
2312:Xu, X. (2002).
2311:
2310:
2306:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2009:10.1038/415780a
1986:
1985:
1981:
1974:10.1139/e01-065
1957:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1940:10.1139/e93-187
1917:
1916:
1912:
1878:
1877:
1866:
1824:
1819:
1818:
1785:
1780:
1763:
1616:titanosauriform
1604:proceratosaurid
1528:
1479:bone remodeling
1467:
1450:
1445:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1379:Saurornithoides
1293:
1284:
1275:
1184:Sinovenatorinae
1174:
1165:
1041:
1032:
929:Dromaeosauridae
844:Sinovenatorinae
798:
695:
583:metacarpal bone
563:
433:
376:
368:Sinovenatorinae
296:reptile") is a
281:
274:
250:
242:
233:Sinovenatorinae
229:
216:
133:
111:
109:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
35:
34:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3602:
3600:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3556:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3532:
3516:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3479:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3388:Latenivenatrix
3384:
3377:
3370:
3362:
3354:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3313:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3294:
3286:
3278:
3275:Jinfengopteryx
3271:
3262:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3242:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3210:Sinornithoides
3206:
3198:
3190:
3187:Papiliovenator
3183:
3176:
3168:
3165:Jianianhualong
3161:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3132:
3129:Albertavenator
3124:
3118:
3113:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3063:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3013:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2986:
2980:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2955:
2946:
2937:
2931:
2925:
2916:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2878:
2870:
2869:
2818:
2799:(3): 298–312.
2783:
2764:(1): 109–118.
2748:
2723:(2): 235–244.
2700:
2649:
2638:(3): 255–269.
2619:
2580:
2554:
2505:
2446:
2435:(4): 265–271.
2412:
2405:
2380:
2319:
2304:
2273:
2232:
2213:(3): 339–342.
2197:
2176:
2171:The Dinosauria
2167:"Troodontidae"
2157:
2119:
2100:(4): 871–875.
2084:
2057:
2046:(3282): 1–45.
2030:
1979:
1945:
1910:
1891:(2): 253–261.
1864:
1835:(3): 763–780.
1782:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1762:
1759:
1747:shield volcano
1745:from a nearby
1607:tyrannosauroid
1580:oviraptorosaur
1559:dromaeosaurids
1556:microraptorine
1527:
1524:
1466:
1463:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1314:Sinornithoides
1309:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1153:Jinfengopteryx
1148:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1007:
998:
993:
991:
988:
987:
984:
983:
974:
971:
970:
967:
966:
957:
952:
950:
945:
943:
937:
936:
933:
932:
925:
920:
918:
910:
797:
796:Classification
794:
694:
691:
633:Sinornithoides
629:Sinornithoides
613:Sinornithoides
587:Sinornithoides
579:Sinornithoides
562:
559:
478:Sinornithoides
432:
429:
375:
372:
283:
282:
275:
266:
265:
259:
258:
240:
236:
235:
227:
223:
222:
214:
210:
209:
204:
197:
196:
191:
184:
183:
178:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
122:
121:
113:
112:
104:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
41:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3601:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3542:
3537:
3533:
3528:
3522:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3500:
3488:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3461:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3095:
3094:
3088:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2899:
2894:
2892:
2887:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2865:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2822:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2787:
2784:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2752:
2749:
2738:on 2017-10-25
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2669:(7): e69723.
2668:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2650:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2581:
2577:(2): 193–204.
2576:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2509:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2466:(8): e69265.
2465:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2413:
2408:
2402:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2381:
2370:on 2016-03-03
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2308:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2293:(1): 99–104.
2292:
2288:
2284:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2180:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2061:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1623:Euhelopus sp.
1620:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1599:Hexing qingyi
1595:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1563:taxonomically
1560:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1487:cortical bone
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1455:
1447:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1430:
1422:
1421:
1413:
1412:
1404:
1403:
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1138:IGM 100/1128
1134:
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795:
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790:thin sections
787:
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435:The skull of
430:
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425:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:neural arches
396:
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100:
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80:
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70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
32:
26:
22:
19:
3589:Yixian fauna
3512:Daliansaurus
3511:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3409:Philovenator
3407:
3400:
3395:Linhevenator
3393:
3386:
3381:Hypnovenator
3379:
3372:
3366:Byronosaurus
3364:
3357:
3350:Troodontinae
3337:
3330:
3323:
3318:Daliansaurus
3317:
3316:
3296:
3290:Philovenator
3288:
3280:
3273:
3265:
3244:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3200:
3194:Paronychodon
3192:
3185:
3178:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3144:Geminiraptor
3142:
3134:
3127:
3115:Troodontidae
3093:Troodontidae
3091:
3059:Troodontidae
2957:
2948:
2939:
2905:Troodontidae
2835:
2831:
2821:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2740:. Retrieved
2733:the original
2720:
2716:
2703:
2666:
2662:
2652:
2635:
2631:
2600:(1): 17–43.
2597:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2574:
2570:
2557:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2463:
2459:
2449:
2432:
2428:
2415:
2396:
2383:
2372:. Retrieved
2365:the original
2344:
2340:
2313:
2307:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2191:
2186:
2179:
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2160:
2135:
2131:
2097:
2093:
2087:
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2074:
2068:
2060:
2043:
2039:
2033:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1965:
1961:
1948:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1832:
1828:
1736:conglomerate
1722:
1716:
1710:
1709:. The frogs
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1637:ceratopsians
1630:
1621:
1609:
1597:
1591:
1582:
1573:
1571:
1552:Daliansaurus
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1536:fossil sites
1529:
1526:Paleoecology
1517:
1501:
1468:
1454:Daliansaurus
1453:
1451:
1448:Paleobiology
1377:
1376:
1360:
1359:
1336:
1335:
1312:
1311:
1261:
1260:
1246:Daliansaurus
1245:
1244:
1243:
1220:
1219:
1196:
1195:
1151:
1150:
1137:
1114:
1113:
1090:
1089:
1075:Byronosaurus
1073:
1072:
1059:
1018:
1017:
1001:
1000:
977:
976:
962:Eosinopteryx
960:
959:
941:Troodontidae
927:
907:
894:
890:
887:Daliansaurus
886:
870:
867:Daliansaurus
866:
862:
858:
856:
852:Daliansaurus
851:
848:synapomorphy
839:
835:
831:
824:Daliansaurus
823:
814:Daliansaurus
813:
809:
806:Daliansaurus
805:
799:
783:
772:histological
768:type species
764:Daliansaurus
763:
749:
747:
698:Daliansaurus
697:
696:
687:Daliansaurus
686:
682:Daliansaurus
681:
679:
672:
668:
664:
658:, the outer
655:
648:Daliansaurus
647:
645:
640:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
611:than either
601:Daliansaurus
600:
599:
594:
590:
586:
578:
574:
571:Daliansaurus
570:
564:
551:Sinorthoides
550:
544:
538:
534:Velociraptor
532:
521:Daliansaurus
520:
516:
513:Daliansaurus
512:
497:Daliansaurus
496:
495:
490:
486:
482:
476:
472:
468:
460:
456:
452:
445:Daliansaurus
444:
440:
437:Daliansaurus
436:
434:
422:
418:
414:
411:Daliansaurus
410:
392:
386:
379:Daliansaurus
378:
377:
361:
355:
349:
346:Daliansaurus
345:
326:Daliansaurus
325:
320:
319:
289:Daliansaurus
288:
287:
286:
277:
270:
269:
263:Type species
253:
247:Daliansaurus
246:
245:
220:Troodontidae
200:
187:
174:
25:Daliansaurus
24:
18:
3574:Troodontids
3374:Gobivenator
3339:Sinusonasus
3332:Sinovenator
3231:Xixiasaurus
3224:Tochisaurus
3151:Harenadraco
3047:Maniraptora
3032:Maniraptora
2590:Gobiconodon
2429:Palaeoworld
2138:: 399–406.
2081:(1): 29–62.
1739:debris flow
1707:R. robustus
1644:(including
1569:variation.
1567:ontogenetic
1544:Sinusonasus
1540:Sinovenator
1497:endothermic
1263:Sinusonasus
1222:Sinovenator
1092:Xixiasaurus
1060:IGM 100/44
895:Sinovenator
891:Sinusonasus
863:Sinusonasus
859:Sinovenator
840:Sinusonasus
836:Sinovenator
810:Sinusonasus
756:LĂĽ Junchang
674:Tochisaurus
669:Sinusonasus
665:Sinovenator
656:Sinovenator
641:Sinovenator
625:Sinovenator
595:Sinusonasus
591:Sinovenator
575:Sinovenator
540:Linheraptor
517:Sinovenator
491:Sinovenator
487:Sinovenator
483:Sinusonasus
481:but unlike
473:Sinovenator
461:Sinovenator
459:but unlike
457:Sinusonasus
453:Sinovenator
419:Sinusonasus
415:Sinovenator
394:Sinusonasus
388:Sinovenator
374:Description
357:Sinusonasus
351:Sinovenator
226:Subfamily:
3558:Categories
3475:See also:
3402:Pectinodon
3068:see below↓
2944:Dinosauria
2935:Sauropsida
2742:2017-10-24
2374:2017-10-24
1778:References
1751:coniferous
1729:tuffaceous
1635:; and the
1628:ornithopod
1509:periosteal
1020:Xiaotingia
979:Anchiornis
883:acetabulum
875:nasal bone
449:premaxilla
383:troodontid
302:troodontid
292:(meaning "
194:Saurischia
181:Dinosauria
3527:Q30246653
3445:Zanabazar
3438:Urbacodon
3359:Borogovia
3020:Theropoda
3005:Theropoda
2953:Theropoda
2921:Kingdom:
2813:130825449
2268:1980-5861
2052:2246/3025
1905:134050997
1859:129939153
1732:sandstone
1465:Histology
1362:Zanabazar
715:Barremian
546:Heyuannia
330:paravians
300:of small
207:Theropoda
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
36:126
31:Barremian
3521:Wikidata
3487:Category
3477:Timeline
3172:Koparion
2929:Chordata
2927:Phylum:
2923:Animalia
2864:21393569
2778:83907519
2695:23922783
2663:PLOS ONE
2614:18318649
2549:19419990
2500:23950887
2460:PLOS ONE
2361:32369205
2227:85241916
2114:86359247
2017:11845206
1761:See also
1646:P. major
1619:sauropod
1532:Liaoning
1514:subadult
1471:holotype
1459:rib cage
1003:Aurornis
743:Liaoning
731:Liaoning
719:volcanic
555:chevrons
308:dinosaur
305:theropod
213:Family:
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
3431:Troodon
3298:Tamarro
2962:Paraves
2933:Class:
2855:3069172
2686:3724893
2540:2842663
2491:3739782
2468:Bibcode
2140:Bibcode
2025:4417515
1997:Bibcode
1928:Bibcode
1475:osteons
1338:Troodon
899:greater
819:dentary
727:Beipiao
717:epoch)
660:condyle
631:. Like
603:has an
567:humerus
467:. Like
405:in the
239:Genus:
105:↓
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1989:Nature
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1705:, and
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1614:; the
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1587:; the
1578:; the
1550:, and
865:, and
838:, and
780:radius
739:Dalian
709:(~126
703:matrix
635:, the
543:, and
523:. The
475:, and
421:, and
360:, and
294:Dalian
280:, 2017
278:et al.
256:, 2017
254:et al.
3267:Almas
3217:Talos
2958:Clade
2949:Clade
2940:Clade
2809:S2CID
2774:S2CID
2736:(PDF)
2713:(PDF)
2610:S2CID
2567:(PDF)
2425:(PDF)
2393:(PDF)
2368:(PDF)
2357:S2CID
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2223:S2CID
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2110:S2CID
2021:S2CID
1958:(PDF)
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1855:S2CID
1825:(PDF)
1743:lahar
1116:Almas
735:China
637:tibia
609:femur
605:ilium
561:Limbs
316:China
298:genus
276:Shen
252:Shen
201:Clade
188:Clade
175:Clade
3045:see
3018:see
2991:see
2860:PMID
2691:PMID
2545:PMID
2496:PMID
2401:ISBN
2264:ISSN
2013:PMID
1734:and
1715:and
1648:and
1596:and
1530:The
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889:and
808:and
778:and
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577:and
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2005:doi
1993:415
1970:doi
1936:doi
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621:Mei
617:Mei
615:or
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