300:
32:
61:
291:
the flared steel edge of a weapon designed for war. Some surviving examples also feature a brass haft cap, often richly decorated, which presumably served to keep the head of the weapon secure on the haft, as well as protecting the end of the haft from the rigours of battle. Ash and oak are the most likely materials for the haft, as they have always been the primary materials used for polearms in Europe.
218:
1200:
52:
41:
411:
The Anglo-Saxon
Chronicle describes how a giant Norse axeman wielding what was most likely a Dane axe, single-handedly cut down up to 40 Englishman during the battle of Stamford bridge. Supposedly, he was only defeated when an English soldier floated under the bridge in a barrel and thrust his spear
317:
Through the course of the 9th to the 11th centuries, the Dane axe began to gain further popularity outside of
Scandinavia, either through Viking trade or influence or independent developments; such as England, Ireland and Normandy. Historical accounts may depict the Dane axe as the weapon of some of
290:
Based on period depictions, the haft of a longaxe for combat was usually between approx. 0.9 and 1.2 m (3.0 and 3.9 ft) long, although Dane axes used as status symbols might be as long as 1.5 to 1.7 m (5 to 5½ ft). Such axes might also feature inlaid silver and frequently do not have
274:
axe typology. Both types consist of a wide, thin blade, with pronounced "horns" at both the toe and heel of the bit. Cutting surfaces vary, but is generally between 20 and 30 cm (8 and 12 in). Type L blades tend to be smaller, with the toe of the bit swept forward for superior shearing
365:
The Dane axe became widely used throughout Europe from the 10th century, with axes gaining acceptance as a knightly weapon not long after; albeit not achieving the status of the sword. They also began to be used widely as an infantry polearm, with the haft lengthened to about 1.8 m
278:
The blade itself was reasonably light and forged very thin, making it superb for cutting. The thickness of the body on top the edge is as thin as 2 mm (0.079 in). Many of these axes were constructed with a reinforced bit, typically of a higher
366:(5.9 ft). The 13th and 14th centuries also saw form changes, with the blade also lengthening, the rear horn extending to touch or attach to the haft. The lengthened weapon, especially if combined with the lengthened blade, was called a
148:
with a very long shaft, around 0.9–1.2 metres (2 ft 11 in – 3 ft 11 in) at the low end to 1.5–1.7 metres (4 ft 11 in – 5 ft 7 in) or more at the long end. Sometimes called a broadaxe
473:
with a single blow of his axe. The blow was so powerful it split de Bohun's helmet and skull open and snapped the shaft of the axe. Depictions of the axe show a standard battle axe, however, not a Dane Axe.
379:
While the use of the Dane axe continued into the 14th century, axes with an armour-piercing back-spike and spear-like spike on the forward end of the haft became more common, eventually evolving into the
287:
than a wood axe. This complex construction (i.e. forged thin and incorporating a harder type of steel near the edge) results in a lively and quick weapon with devastating cutting ability.
283:
to facilitate a harder, sharper edge. Average weight of an axe this size is between 1 and 2 kg (2.2 and 4.4 lb). Proportionally, the long axe has more in common with a modern
384:
in the 15th century. The simple Danish axe continued to be used in the West of
Scotland and in Ireland into the 16th century. In Ireland, it was particularly associated with
358:), the "axe-bearing guard", who were mercenary soldiers from northern and eastern Europe employed by the Roman emperors. One surviving ivory plaque from 10th-century
2743:
569:
270:
Most axes, both in period illustrations and extant artifact, that fall under the description of Danish axe possess type L or type M heads according to the
299:
849:
Old French
Continuation of William of Tyre, in The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade: Sources in Translation, ed. Peter W. Edbury, p. 117.
2666:
608:
1847:
429:
was often recorded in
Victorian times wielding a large war axe, though references are sometimes wildly exaggerated as befitted a national hero:
192:
by lengthening the shaft and adding a lengthwise pike on the end and spike on the reverse. It is one of the predominant weapons depicted on the
1391:
2631:
2626:
2485:
2225:
1995:
1279:
2733:
1327:
943:
2738:
1802:
1284:
433:
Long and long after he was quiet in his grave, his terrible battle-axe, with twenty
English pounds of English steel in its mighty head
330:
to the throne of
England, the axe is almost exclusively wielded by well armoured huscarls. These huscarls formed the core bodyguard of
885:
490:
338:. A Dane axe, perhaps King Edward's, is offered to Harold before he is crowned. The Bayeux Tapestry also depicts a huscarl cleaving a
2671:
1411:
984:
921:
868:
820:
The Annals of Roger de
Hoveden: Comprising The History of England and of Other Countries of Europe from A.D. 732 to A.D. 1201, Vol 1
799:
759:
734:
700:
642:
257:
2728:
2621:
1944:
1427:
443:
2415:
2195:
1817:
239:
2020:
583:
2702:
2656:
2541:
1832:
1807:
1386:
2080:
1842:
505:
both wielding axes in battle. In these cases, it is uncertain whether the weapon was a Danish axe, or the proto-pollaxe.
2521:
2516:
106:
1602:
2748:
2511:
2015:
1707:
1179:
2355:
2110:
1787:
1627:
2753:
1887:
1857:
1742:
1482:
529:
228:
2763:
2697:
2581:
2360:
1732:
1406:
486:
235:
2205:
1757:
1727:
1722:
1442:
1054:
420:
271:
2290:
1572:
2758:
2556:
2425:
2400:
2370:
2100:
2075:
2050:
1827:
1677:
1632:
1592:
670:
2596:
2506:
2395:
1812:
1617:
1607:
1502:
1477:
1337:
725:
Caldwell, David (1981). "Some Notes on
Scottish Axes and Long Shafted Weapons". In Caldwell, David (ed.).
452:
405:
423:. While one account says after his sword broke, another says he used his sword only after his axe broke.
2551:
2450:
2235:
2130:
2055:
1437:
1396:
1357:
1259:
977:
470:
426:
327:
139:
60:
2636:
2310:
2115:
2030:
1980:
1289:
612:
2661:
2601:
2576:
2440:
2335:
2315:
2090:
1939:
1837:
1797:
1792:
1772:
1737:
1672:
1582:
1562:
1547:
1507:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1352:
1264:
833:
498:
456:
397:
331:
1139:
275:
capability. Later type M blades are typically larger overall, with a more symmetrical toe and heel.
157:), the blade was broad and thin, intended to give a long powerful cut when swung, effective against
31:
2616:
2606:
2501:
2420:
2210:
2185:
2040:
1767:
1717:
1697:
1637:
1597:
1587:
1522:
1374:
1274:
1231:
494:
1985:
408:. However, this is because the axe is the implement of his martyrdom, rather than signifying use.
2591:
2586:
2531:
2150:
2095:
1872:
1777:
1702:
1692:
1622:
1577:
1552:
1542:
1512:
1472:
1452:
1134:
1114:
563:
502:
416:
335:
150:
2280:
940:
2676:
2611:
2571:
2561:
2536:
2445:
2430:
2345:
2270:
2215:
2140:
2070:
2035:
2025:
1912:
1782:
1752:
1747:
1712:
1682:
1662:
1657:
1647:
1567:
1447:
1401:
1347:
1269:
1174:
917:
864:
795:
755:
730:
696:
658:
638:
482:
401:
173:
2641:
2566:
2546:
2526:
2460:
2405:
2390:
2375:
2320:
2160:
2145:
2105:
1990:
1687:
1667:
1652:
1642:
1557:
1537:
1527:
1517:
1457:
1322:
1254:
970:
815:
519:
462:
309:
177:
891:
2651:
2410:
2325:
2285:
2265:
2250:
2230:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2135:
1959:
1927:
1822:
1612:
1532:
1467:
1462:
1432:
1099:
1047:
947:
438:
343:
323:
304:
201:
197:
193:
110:
76:
2465:
2385:
342:
knight's horse's head with one blow. The Dane axe is also known to have been used by the
95:
Replica Dane axe head, Petersen Type L or Type M, based on original from Tower of London.
2692:
2480:
2305:
2275:
1892:
1306:
534:
466:
359:
2723:
2717:
2646:
2060:
1949:
1104:
1089:
1042:
837:
832:
Dickens is referencing
Chaucer here, from "The Tournament of Theseus of Athens" in "
2380:
2245:
2065:
1922:
1236:
1226:
1119:
787:
284:
280:
2435:
2365:
2260:
2220:
1954:
1917:
1902:
1762:
1093:
1027:
1012:
587:
385:
217:
671:"The Morgan Library & Museum Online Exhibitions - The Morgan Picture Bible"
2010:
1975:
1169:
1164:
1079:
169:
145:
2455:
2330:
2300:
2085:
1867:
1199:
1189:
1109:
1064:
1032:
478:
362:
depicts a Varangian holding an axe that is at least as tall as its wielder.
952:
Gouden Hoorn: Tijdschrift over Byzantium/Golden Horn: Journal of Byzantium
2240:
2200:
1932:
1379:
1301:
1221:
1159:
1154:
1084:
1074:
1069:
1017:
514:
319:
2255:
2180:
2155:
2125:
2120:
2005:
1332:
1294:
1184:
1149:
1037:
1007:
993:
381:
373:
339:
242: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
189:
185:
181:
158:
142:
86:
2470:
2190:
2000:
1897:
1877:
1369:
1362:
1342:
1144:
524:
451:
Richard is, however, recorded as using a Danish Axe at the relief of
368:
347:
162:
1022:
51:
40:
2350:
2340:
2295:
1216:
1129:
1059:
298:
102:
2475:
2045:
1882:
1124:
966:
477:
In the 14th century, the use of axes is increasingly noted by
211:
353:
372:
in England. Some believe this weapon is the ancestor of the
962:
941:"A Warrior with a 'Danish Axe' in a Byzantine Ivory Panel"
497:
in 1388. Bretons were apparently noted axe users, with
168:
Dane axes were predominantly used during the European
113:
during a ritual, one with a dane axe and round shield.
792:
A History of the Art of War in the Middle Ages vol.1
459:
is another famous crusader associated with the axe.
2685:
2494:
1968:
1856:
1420:
1315:
1245:
1207:
1000:
200:, and one of the specified weapons common with the
412:through the planks, mortally wounding the axeman.
392:Famous historical figures associated with the axe
863:. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan. p. 101.
196:, a period tapestry depicting the events of the
431:
916:. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. pp. 72, 77.
318:the warrior elite in this period, such as the
978:
727:Scottish Weapons and Fortifications 1100–1800
8:
729:. Edinburgh: John Donald. pp. 253–314.
611:. Cache-media.britannica.com. Archived from
816:Roger de Hoveden, Translated Henry T. Riley
657:See, for example, the illustrations in the
985:
971:
963:
568:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
838:"hath a sparth of twenty pound of weight"
258:Learn how and when to remove this message
794:. London: Greenhill Books. p. 399.
633:Edge, David; John Miles Paddock (1988).
546:
2744:Military history of the United Kingdom
635:Arms and Armour of the Medieval Knight
586:. bayeuxtapesty.org.uk. Archived from
561:
307:with Dane axes, from the 12th-century
7:
1848:Cnut the Great's invasion of England
465:, King of Scotland, famously killed
400:, the axe also became the symbol of
240:adding citations to reliable sources
1803:Viking raid on Galicia and Asturias
326:, a visual record of the ascent of
2667:Västergötland Runic Inscription 40
2632:Södermanland Runic Inscription 333
2627:Södermanland Runic Inscription 174
1996:Aud the Deep-Minded (Ketilsdóttir)
419:famously used a Danish axe at the
198:Norman Conquest of England in 1066
14:
715:Miles & Paddock, op.cit. p.69
695:. Lutterworth Press. p. 47.
637:. London: Defoe. pp. 31–32.
180:, later being developed into the
1198:
822:. H. G. Bohn. pp. 243, 244.
216:
59:
50:
39:
30:
754:. East Linton: Tuckwell Press.
322:of Anglo-Saxon England. In the
227:needs additional citations for
1818:Sack of Santiago de Compostela
172:to the transition between the
1:
2703:Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde)
2657:Uppland Runic Inscription 158
1833:Siege of Constantinople (860)
950:—Article by Peter Beatson in
404:and can still be seen on the
2622:Småland Runic Inscription 48
2522:Danish Runic Inscription 380
2517:Danish Runic Inscription 154
481:in his Chronicle, with King
444:A Child's History of England
348:
107:Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv
2734:Military history of Denmark
2512:Danish Runic Inscription 66
2016:Birka female Viking warrior
1708:Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu
887:The Chronicles of Froissart
693:European Weapons and Armour
2782:
2739:Military history of Norway
2542:Gunnar's bridge runestones
1888:Viking Age arms and armour
1743:Battle of Strangford Lough
1483:Battle of Brentford (1016)
530:Viking Age arms and armour
354:
2698:Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)
2672:Västra Nöbbelöv Runestone
2361:Sigvaldi Strut-Haraldsson
2196:Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarson
1733:Battle of Stamford Bridge
1196:
912:Vernier, Richard (2003).
859:Nicholson, Helen (2004).
691:Oakeshott, Ewart (1980).
165:and unarmored opponents.
75:Dane axe depicted on the
2206:Ingvar the Far-Travelled
2111:Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir
1945:Raid Warfare and Tactics
1788:Battle of Trans-la-Forêt
1758:Battle of Tara (Ireland)
1728:Battle of Stamford (918)
1723:Battle of Stamford (894)
1628:Battle of Lüneburg Heath
1443:Battle of Anglesey Sound
884:Bourchier, John (1523).
138:) is a type of European
2426:Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson
2371:Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye
2101:Godfrid, Duke of Frisia
1828:Siege of Chartres (911)
1678:Battle of Reading (871)
1633:Battle of Lyrskov Heath
1623:Battle of London Bridge
1593:Battle of Hingston Down
609:"Bayeux Tapestry image"
584:"Bayeux Tapestry image"
154:
85:Dane axe head found at
2729:Medieval blade weapons
2582:Norra Härene Runestone
2507:Baltic area runestones
2021:Bjørn (floruit 856–58)
1808:Raids in the Rhineland
1618:Battle of Leuven (891)
1608:Battle of Islandbridge
1603:Battle of Hjörungavágr
1503:Battle of Cathair Cuan
914:The Flower of Chivalry
775:Anglo-Saxon Chronicles
750:Marsden, John (2003).
556:De Norske Vikingesverd
554:Petersen, Jan (1919).
449:
421:Battle of Lincoln 1141
406:Coat of Arms of Norway
314:
2552:Hakon Jarl runestones
2451:Tryggvi the Pretender
2356:Snæfrithr Svásadottir
2291:Ohthere of Hålogaland
2236:Ketil Trout (Iceland)
2056:Eohric of East Anglia
1955:Svinfylking Formation
1763:Battle of Tarbat Ness
1573:Battle of Fýrisvellir
1438:First Battle of Alton
836:", where a combatant
471:Battle of Bannockburn
427:Richard the Lionheart
328:William the Conqueror
302:
140:early medieval period
2662:Varangian runestones
2577:Lingsberg Runestones
2557:Hällestad Runestones
2441:Thorolf Kveldulfsson
2401:Styrbjörn the Strong
2336:Rognvald Eysteinsson
2316:Ragnhild Eriksdotter
2081:Freydís Eiríksdóttir
2051:Egill Skallagrímsson
1798:Burning of Luimneach
1773:Battle of Tettenhall
1738:Battle of Stiklestad
1673:Battle of Rastarkalv
1583:Battle of Hafrsfjord
1548:Battle of Englefield
1508:Battle of Chippenham
1498:Battle of Buttington
1493:Battle of Brunanburh
1488:Battle of Brissarthe
499:Bertrand du Guesclin
457:Geoffrey of Lusignan
398:Battle of Stiklestad
349:pelekyphoros phroura
236:improve this article
2607:Sigtrygg Runestones
2597:Runestones of Högby
2502:Ballstorp Runestone
2486:Unn the Deep-Minded
2421:Thorfinn the Mighty
2416:Þorbjörg Lítilvölva
2396:Steinunn Refsdóttir
2186:Hemming Halfdansson
2041:Bjorn the Easterner
1768:Battle of Tempsford
1718:Battle of Stainmore
1698:Battle of Rochester
1638:Battle of Mag Femen
1598:Battle of the Holme
1523:Battle of Corbridge
1478:Battle of Brávellir
1428:Tactics and warfare
1232:Viking ship replica
495:Battle of Otterburn
23:Dane axe / Long axe
2749:Weapons of Denmark
2637:Sparlösa Runestone
2592:Runestones at Aspa
2587:Orkesta Runestones
2532:England runestones
2151:Halfdan Ragnarsson
2131:Hakon Rognvaldsson
2116:Gunnar Hámundarson
2096:Godfrid Haraldsson
2031:Bjarni Herjólfsson
1981:Amlaíb Cenncairech
1969:Historical figures
1873:Great Heathen Army
1861:and fortifications
1778:Battle of Thetford
1703:Battle of Sasireti
1693:Battle of Ringmere
1578:Battle of Glenmama
1553:Battle of Epiphany
1543:Battle of Edington
1513:Battle of Clontarf
1473:Battle of Benfleet
1453:Battle of Assandun
1290:L'Anse aux Meadows
1115:Old Norse religion
946:2016-03-03 at the
503:Olivier de Clisson
487:Battle of Poitiers
417:Stephen of England
355:πελεκυφόρος φρουρά
336:Battle of Hastings
315:
188:and other similar
2754:Weapons of Norway
2711:
2710:
2677:Viking runestones
2612:Simris Runestones
2602:Sædinge Runestone
2572:Karlevi Runestone
2562:Ingvar runestones
2537:Greece runestones
2446:Thorstein the Red
2431:Thorkell the Tall
2311:Ragnar Ragnarsson
2216:Ivar the Boneless
2141:Haakon Sigurdsson
2091:Garðar Svavarsson
2076:Eiríkr Hákonarson
2071:Eric I of Denmark
2026:Bjorn Asbrandsson
1913:Gjermundbu helmet
1783:Battle of Thimeon
1753:Battle of Sulcoit
1748:Battle of Svolder
1713:Battle of Skyhill
1683:Battle of Renfrew
1663:Battle of Norditi
1648:Battle of Meretun
1568:Battle of Fulford
1563:Battle of Florvåg
1448:Battle of Ashdown
1175:Viking runestones
834:The Knight's Tale
788:Oman, Sir Charles
659:Maciejowski Bible
485:using one at the
303:Depiction of the
268:
267:
260:
174:Early Middle Ages
2771:
2764:Germanic weapons
2642:Stangeland stone
2617:Sjörup Runestone
2567:Italy runestones
2547:Hagby Runestones
2527:Egtved Runestone
2461:Valtoke Gormsson
2406:Sweyn Asleifsson
2391:Snorri Sturluson
2376:Sigurd the Stout
2321:Ragnall ua Imair
2211:Ingólfr Arnarson
2161:Harald Bluetooth
2146:Halfdan Long-Leg
1688:Battle of Remich
1668:Battle of Pinhoe
1653:Battle of Nesjar
1643:Battle of Maldon
1588:Battle of Helgeå
1558:Battle of Fitjar
1538:Battle of Dollar
1528:Battle of Cynwit
1518:Battle of Confey
1458:Battle of Basing
1323:Viking expansion
1255:North Sea Empire
1202:
1180:Viking Age trade
1055:Germanic deities
987:
980:
973:
964:
928:
927:
909:
903:
902:
900:
899:
890:. Archived from
881:
875:
874:
861:Medieval Warfare
856:
850:
847:
841:
830:
824:
823:
812:
806:
805:
784:
778:
772:
766:
765:
747:
741:
740:
722:
716:
713:
707:
706:
688:
682:
681:
679:
678:
667:
661:
655:
649:
648:
630:
624:
623:
621:
620:
605:
599:
598:
596:
595:
580:
574:
573:
567:
559:
551:
520:Long-bearded axe
489:in 1356 and Sir
463:Robert the Bruce
447:
357:
356:
351:
346:, also known as
310:Madrid Skylitzes
263:
256:
252:
249:
243:
220:
212:
178:High Middle Ages
136:English long axe
109:, depicting two
63:
54:
43:
34:
24:
2781:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2681:
2652:Runestone U 582
2490:
2411:Sweyn Forkbeard
2326:Raud the Strong
2286:Orm Storolfsson
2281:Olof Skötkonung
2271:Olav Haraldsson
2266:Olaf Tryggvason
2251:Magnus Barefoot
2231:Ketill Flatnose
2176:Harald Wartooth
2171:Harald Hardrada
2166:Harald Fairhair
2136:Haakon the Good
1964:
1960:Varangian Guard
1860:
1852:
1823:Siege of Asselt
1813:Raid on Seville
1613:Battle of Largs
1533:Battle of Derby
1468:Battle of Bauds
1463:Battle of Barry
1433:Battle of Aclea
1416:
1311:
1247:
1241:
1209:
1203:
1194:
1100:Norse mythology
1048:Younger Futhark
996:
991:
961:
948:Wayback Machine
937:
935:Further reading
932:
931:
924:
911:
910:
906:
897:
895:
883:
882:
878:
871:
858:
857:
853:
848:
844:
831:
827:
814:
813:
809:
802:
786:
785:
781:
773:
769:
762:
749:
748:
744:
737:
724:
723:
719:
714:
710:
703:
690:
689:
685:
676:
674:
673:. Themorgan.org
669:
668:
664:
656:
652:
645:
632:
631:
627:
618:
616:
607:
606:
602:
593:
591:
582:
581:
577:
560:
553:
552:
548:
543:
511:
448:
439:Charles Dickens
437:
394:
344:Varangian Guard
324:Bayeux tapestry
305:Varangian Guard
297:
264:
253:
247:
244:
233:
221:
210:
202:Varangian Guard
194:Bayeux Tapestry
120:
119:
118:
117:
116:
77:Bayeux Tapestry
66:
65:
64:
56:
55:
46:
45:
44:
36:
35:
26:
25:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2759:Viking warfare
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2716:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2693:Viking revival
2689:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2306:Ragnar Lodbrok
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2276:Olaf the White
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2036:Björn Ironside
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1843:Siege of Paris
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1793:Battle of York
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1658:Battle of Niså
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1270:Orkney Islands
1267:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1210:and navigation
1205:
1204:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1002:
998:
997:
992:
990:
989:
982:
975:
967:
960:
959:External links
957:
956:
955:
936:
933:
930:
929:
922:
904:
876:
869:
851:
842:
825:
807:
800:
779:
767:
760:
742:
735:
717:
708:
701:
683:
662:
650:
643:
625:
600:
575:
545:
544:
542:
539:
538:
537:
535:Viking halberd
532:
527:
522:
517:
510:
507:
467:Henry de Bohun
435:
393:
390:
360:Constantinople
296:
293:
266:
265:
224:
222:
215:
209:
206:
115:
114:
96:
90:
80:
69:
68:
67:
58:
57:
49:
48:
47:
38:
37:
29:
28:
27:
21:
20:
19:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2777:
2776:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2647:Stone of Eric
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:Grímur Kamban
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2061:Eric Bloodaxe
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:Amlaíb Conung
1989:
1987:
1986:Amlaíb Cuarán
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1950:Shield-maiden
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1940:Ring Fortress
1938:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1838:Sack of Paris
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1328:British Isles
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1285:North America
1283:
1281:
1280:Faroe Islands
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1206:
1201:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1105:Norse rituals
1103:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1090:Norse funeral
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1043:Elder Futhark
1041:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
988:
983:
981:
976:
974:
969:
968:
965:
958:
953:
949:
945:
942:
939:
938:
934:
925:
923:1-84383-006-X
919:
915:
908:
905:
894:on 2014-08-14
893:
889:
888:
880:
877:
872:
870:0-333-76331-9
866:
862:
855:
852:
846:
843:
839:
835:
829:
826:
821:
817:
811:
808:
803:
801:1-85367-100-2
797:
793:
789:
783:
780:
776:
771:
768:
763:
761:1-86232-251-1
757:
753:
746:
743:
738:
736:0-85976-047-2
732:
728:
721:
718:
712:
709:
704:
702:0-7188-2126-2
698:
694:
687:
684:
672:
666:
663:
660:
654:
651:
646:
644:1-870981-00-6
640:
636:
629:
626:
615:on 2011-10-08
614:
610:
604:
601:
590:on 2017-11-10
589:
585:
579:
576:
571:
565:
558:. Kristiania.
557:
550:
547:
540:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
512:
508:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:James Douglas
488:
484:
480:
475:
472:
468:
464:
460:
458:
454:
446:
445:
440:
434:
430:
428:
424:
422:
418:
413:
409:
407:
403:
399:
391:
389:
388:mercenaries.
387:
383:
377:
375:
371:
370:
363:
361:
350:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
312:
311:
306:
301:
294:
292:
288:
286:
282:
276:
273:
262:
259:
251:
241:
237:
231:
230:
225:This section
223:
219:
214:
213:
207:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
147:
144:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:
94:
91:
88:
84:
81:
78:
74:
71:
70:
62:
53:
42:
33:
16:Viking weapon
2466:Vagn Åkesson
2386:Skalla-Grímr
2381:Sitric Caech
2246:Leif Erikson
2226:Ketilsdóttir
2066:Erik the Red
1907:
1858:Arms, armour
1248:and colonies
1237:Visby lenses
1227:Viking ships
1120:Raven banner
951:
913:
907:
896:. Retrieved
892:the original
886:
879:
860:
854:
845:
828:
819:
810:
791:
782:
774:
770:
751:
745:
726:
720:
711:
692:
686:
675:. Retrieved
665:
653:
634:
628:
617:. Retrieved
613:the original
603:
592:. Retrieved
588:the original
578:
555:
549:
476:
461:
450:
442:
432:
425:
414:
410:
395:
378:
367:
364:
316:
308:
289:
285:meat cleaver
281:carbon steel
277:
269:
254:
245:
234:Please help
229:verification
226:
208:Construction
167:
135:
131:
127:
123:
121:
101:9th century
99:Lower right:
98:
92:
83:Upper right:
82:
72:
2436:Thorir Hund
2366:Sigurd Ring
2221:Jomsvikings
1918:Yarm helmet
1353:Isle of Man
1307:Kievan Rus'
1140:Skíðblaðnir
1094:ship burial
1013:Brisingamen
954:8(1) (2000)
386:gallowglass
332:King Harold
313:manuscript.
130:(including
93:Lower left:
73:Upper left:
2718:Categories
2495:Runestones
2011:Berle-Kari
1976:Airdeconut
1170:Viking art
1165:Viking Age
898:2009-07-28
677:2012-08-20
619:2013-10-22
594:2017-11-10
541:References
396:After the
248:April 2023
170:Viking Age
146:battle axe
143:two-handed
132:Danish axe
111:Varangians
2456:Turgesius
2331:Reginheri
2301:Palnatoke
2086:Freygeirr
1868:Berserker
1392:Pomerania
1387:Rhineland
1316:Expansion
1265:Greenland
1246:Homelands
1190:Yggdrasil
1110:Old Norse
1065:Hnefatafl
1033:Einherjar
777:, p. 198.
752:Galloglas
564:cite book
479:Froissart
151:Old Norse
89:, Sweden.
2481:Uí Ímair
2261:Náttfari
2241:Lagertha
2201:Hvitserk
1933:Ingelrii
1928:Ulfberht
1908:Dane axe
1380:Normandy
1375:Brittany
1358:Scotland
1302:Jomsborg
1275:Shetland
1222:Longship
1160:Valkyrie
1155:Valhalla
1085:Norsemen
1075:Leysingi
1070:Holmgang
1018:Danegeld
944:Archived
818:(1853).
790:(1924).
515:Broadaxe
509:See also
436:—
402:St. Olaf
320:Huscarls
272:Petersen
190:polearms
128:long axe
124:Dane axe
2686:Related
2256:Naddodd
2181:Hastein
2156:Hagrold
2126:Guthrum
2121:Guthred
2006:Bagsecg
1903:Skeggöx
1893:Halberd
1421:Battles
1397:Estonia
1333:Danelaw
1295:Vinland
1260:Iceland
1185:Wergeld
1150:Tyrfing
1135:Seeress
1080:Mjölnir
1038:Futhark
1001:Culture
994:Vikings
493:at the
483:John II
469:at the
382:poleaxe
374:halberd
334:at the
295:History
186:halberd
182:poleaxe
163:shields
159:cavalry
155:breiðøx
87:Uppsala
2471:Veborg
2191:Hervor
2001:Auisle
1898:Atgeir
1878:Hersir
1407:Dublin
1402:Iberia
1370:France
1363:Wessex
1343:Mercia
1338:Anglia
1145:Thrall
920:
867:
798:
758:
733:
699:
641:
525:Sparth
369:sparth
340:Norman
2351:Rusla
2346:Rorik
2341:Rollo
2296:Ottir
1923:Sword
1412:Italy
1217:Knarr
1208:Ships
1130:Skald
1125:Sagas
1060:Gothi
1028:Eddas
453:Jaffa
415:King
103:mural
2724:Axes
2476:Ubba
2046:Cnut
1883:Hird
1348:York
1008:Blót
918:ISBN
865:ISBN
796:ISBN
756:ISBN
731:ISBN
697:ISBN
639:ISBN
570:link
501:and
176:and
134:and
122:The
1023:Dís
238:by
126:or
2720::
566:}}
562:{{
455:.
441:,
376:.
204:.
184:,
161:,
153::
105:,
1096:)
1092:(
986:e
979:t
972:v
926:.
901:.
873:.
840:.
804:.
764:.
739:.
705:.
680:.
647:.
622:.
597:.
572:)
352:(
261:)
255:(
250:)
246:(
232:.
149:(
79:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
