79:'s targeting of gay men, the families of these women often sent them to psychiatric facilities because of their sexuality. This was sometimes viewed as even worse than jail. The bar was raided by police several times in its first few years of operation, though their justifications for raiding were always vague. They'd claim the need to ensure that the bar and its patrons were obeying good manners and displaying good morals, language akin to that of the
55:'s death. It was named after a musical group, Daniela, which Tobar had founded with Teresa and Gisele. The bar was originally opened as a non-profit association to avoid the high tax rate. For this reason, patrons had to ring a bell outside to gain entrance, and were only admitted if they were known to Tobar herself.
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Because lesbian and homosexual activity were still not technically legal when the bar was opened, it had a red light above the dance floor to warn of imminent police raids. When the light illuminated, the patrons would stop dancing and sit with board games and cards to appear inconspicuous. While
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the bar was accepted because its owner was well connected in the local government through
Daniela her band-mate. The police still occasionally raided the bar, however, during its early years. Tobar played an active role in making Daniel's the center of lesbian life in Barcelona, sponsoring sports
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As Daniel's was the only women's bar in the city, the bar attracted a large range of female clientele from around
Barcelona and the region, including non-lesbian clientele. Among the numerous patrons were housewives, high school and university-aged girls, lesbian prostitutes, famous Spanish
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teams and a theater group. The bar also sold feminist literature, including the magazine call Red de
Amazonas. The bar later closed, but would be remembered in books and exhibits for its importance in the lesbian history of Spain.
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The original bar consisted of a small bar downstairs which served drinks, and a staircase leading up to a second floor room, which held a billiards table and had benches lining the walls. The bar was decorated with an
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was frequently playing in the bar's early days, and Tobar hired Maria Giralt, a prominent LGBTQ activist from
Barcelona, as the bar's DJ. Maria Giralt worked at Daniel's for a period of ten months.
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Tobar was keen to support lesbians and women not just through nightlife, but also throughout daily life. Consequently, the bar sponsored women's soccer teams, basketball teams and a theater group,
30:, it originally was a bar and billiards room but expanded to have a dance hall. The bar attracted women from a wide variety of backgrounds including non-lesbian women. In the early years of the
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in which two
Italian women enter Daniel's bar after passing the scrutiny of its very protective owner, Maria del Carmen Tobar. It was also mentioned in a book published in 2019 called
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posted on the
Travelqueers channel, in which women were interviewed about the history of the bar, their sentiments about its closure and how it has survived in memory and culture.
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The bar no longer exists. Tobar passed away in 2009. However, her bar lives on in legacy and was featured at an exhibition in early 2013 at Ateneo de Madrid titled
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motif and had many mirrors, red velvet and dim lighting. Within a few years of it opening, Tobar acquired a room adjacent to the bar that served as a dance hall.
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Llamas, R., & Vila, F. (1997). Spain: Passion for Life. Una historia del movimiento de lesbianas y gays en el Estado español.
104:. Daniel's was an important focal point, providing social cohesion to the emerging lesbian community in the post-Francoist era.
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25 años más: una perspectiva sobre el pasado, presente y futuro del movimiento de gays, lesbianas, bisexuales y transexuales
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called "Sala de espera." Daniel's was one of the few places in Spain to sell the
Spanish feminist magazine called
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neighborhood. Daniel's was opened in 1975 by María del Carmen Tobar (born in 1943 in
Barcelona), shortly after
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and one of the first LGBTQ bars in
Barcelona. It was located at Plaza de Cardona 7–8, in the
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200:""No somos machos, pero somos muchas" | Barcelona Metròpolis | Ayuntamiento de Barcelona"
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Reinterpreting the
Spanish American Essay: Women Writers of the 19th and 20th Centuries
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Daniel's was referenced in a volume of essays by Uruguayan writer Peri Rossi called
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373:"Las lesbianas: tan invisibles, que se libraron de la ley de peligrosidad social"
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527:"María Rosón: "El pasado afecta al presente como si de un fantasma se tratase""
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90:. The theater group met in the dance hall at Daniel's, and performed an
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Latin American Writers on Gay and Lesbian Themes: A Bio-critical Sourcebook
478:"Cuarenta años de Orgullo Gay: lo que ha cambiado y lo que no desde 1977"
415:"Mujeres, las sospechosas habituales en la historia reciente de España"
302:"Desconocidas y Fascinantes: 'Poema de Daniela por Lola Majoral'"
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these women were not at a high risk of being arrested due to the
168:"Fui una lesbiana adolescente durante el final del franquismo"
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127:. In 2016 the legacy of the now closed bar was featured in a
607:"Pioneras y emprendedoras de la reivindicación de género"
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Foster, David William; Nelson, Emmanuel Sampath (1994).
349:"El "Daniel's", primer bar para lesbianas en Barcelona"
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Women under suspicion. Memory and sexuality (1930-1980)
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1970 Law on dangerousness and social rehabilitation
334:(in Catalan). Grup de Lesbianes Feministes. 2001.
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654:Women in the Spanish transition to democracy
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533:(in European Spanish). 2013-01-24
331:Lesbiana?: encantada, és un plaer
308:(in European Spanish). 2015-04-20
255:(in Spanish). Icaria Editorial.
398:Conciencia de un singular deseo
557:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
413:García, Ángeles (2013-01-11).
166:Simón, Ana Iris (2019-12-03).
43:Daniel's was one of the first
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584:. University of Texas Press.
371:Pérez, Beatriz (2018-12-26).
125:Barcelona Feminista 1975-1988
32:Spanish democratic transition
659:1975 establishments in Spain
306:InOutradio, la radio lésbica
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605:Cia, Blanca (2019-02-20).
450:"jornades feministes 2016"
88:Five Stars & the Comet
649:Defunct LGBTQ nightclubs
644:Lesbian history in Spain
454:jornades feministes 2016
206:(in Spanish). 2019-01-11
664:LGBTQ history in Spain
28:María del Carmen Tobar
578:Meyer, Doris (1995).
249:Petit, Jordi (2003).
115:References in culture
45:lesbian bars in Spain
204:Barcelona Metropolis
16:Lesbian bar in Spain
507:www.lahornacina.com
503:"DOSSIER... MADRID"
591:978-0-292-75167-5
564:978-0-313-28479-3
121:Fatasías Eróticas
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92:improv show
61:English pub
638:Categories
624:2020-05-06
537:2019-04-22
512:2019-04-22
488:2019-04-22
460:2019-04-22
432:2019-04-22
400:, 189-224.
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312:2019-04-22
210:2019-04-22
178:2020-05-06
135:References
69:Mari Trini
619:1134-6582
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24:Barcelona
97:Laberint
81:1970 law
20:Daniel's
611:El País
419:El País
39:History
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