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research often looked at gendered aspects of painting. For example, her analysis of Dutch painting in the 16th to 17th centuries examined the ratio of images with women as the subject and text focusing on women from the same period. Some of her works examined how images of women were used by artists as representations of either hidden political meaning or social commentary. Adopting a feminist perspective, she examined the voyeuristic aspects of female nudes, wherein the viewer of a work is invisible and removed from the eroticism of the female form. She questioned whether the tendency to remove male actors from erotic works was a means of making male desire invisible. Her major works looked at the ideology behind the imagery depicted in artworks of painting including
289:. From the 1980s, her work specifically examined gendered differences in art in the German-speaking world. A working group on women's history was created at the University of Vienna, as part of the history department. Despite arguments that the courses taught were frivolous and not scientific, women scholars built networks among German-speaking colleagues to collaborate on research projects. Hammer-Tugendhat gave guest lectures on art history and gender. Beginning in 1986, she and several colleagues began organizing conferences to examine women in art history. The inaugural conference "
233:. The rest of the family lived in Venezuela for almost a decade, but when the war ended, Grete wanted to return home because of better opportunities for her children's education. Before moving back to St. Gallen in 1950, the couple unsuccessfully attempted to reclaim their property in Czechoslovakia, but the Villa Tugendhat and other properties had been nationalized by first the Nazis and then by the
150:, Venezuela to Grete (née Löw-Beer) and Fritz Tugendhat. Fritz's family were co-owners of the textile firms Feldhendler et Co. and Max Kohn. Although he had wanted to study medicine, Fritz went into the family business and was a fabric designer. Grete's family were industrialists involved in cement, sugar refining, and textile manufacture. The Löw-Beer family had roots in
237:. Returning to work at the factory near St. Gallen, the couple decided to become Swiss citizens. Fritz died around 1957 from stomach cancer. Daniela and her mother were very close. Grete shared and encouraged her daughter's interest in art. Daniela began studying art history and classical archeology at the
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From the 1970s, Hammer-Tugendhat focused on an interdisciplinary approach to art history, by analyzing art from the broader perspective of cultural science and deconstructing the underlying symbols and philosophical meaning in the works to interpret adherence to or departure from cultural norms. Her
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had returned to the family the statue which had formerly been in the house and had intended that it would remain in the house. The dispute continued until
January 2010, when the city finally agreed to return the property, but the high gift tax that was required, again stalled negotiations. In March
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in 1968 to continue her studies. In 1969 and 1970, Czech architects invited Grete to attend conferences and talk about the house. Tugendhat accompanied her mother there and became interested in the history of the house. She began to question her mother about it, but Grete died in a car accident at
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troops. When the communist regime of
Czechoslovakia took possession it became a rehabilitation center for children. Many of its furnishings and architectural details were destroyed before a group of experts had it declared a historical monument in the 1960s. Hammer-Tugendhat and her husband, Ivo,
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program at the
University of Vienna. The Austrian Science Fund rejected their application, but Sauer, Wodak, Gingrich continued pushing and eventually received funding to start the program in 1996. Hammer-Tugendhat became a full professor in 1998, and in 2006 was honored by her colleagues with a
119:
From the early 1980s, Hammer-Tugendhat focused on representations of gender in art and analysis of the underlying socio-political meanings women represented in artworks. She gave lectures for the working group on women's history at the
University of Vienna in the 1980s and attempted with other
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Frustrated by the lack of progress, Hammer-Tugendhat asked the government to return the house to the family. The law to return appropriated properties required that the claim be made before 1995, causing Hammer-Tugendhat's lawyer to request that the house be returned under provisions for
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for 2009 in recognition of her pioneering work in feminist art history. Hammer-Tugendhat remained at the
University of Applied Arts, until she retired in 2012. At that time, she was awarded the Honorary Ring of the University of Applied Arts and an honorary professorship.
221:, Venezuela, where Fritz had been hired to run the Lanex textile company owned by a group of Corsican financiers. The couple's daughters Ruth, and the youngest, Daniela, were born in Caracas. Hanna and Ernst left Venezuela in 1945 to attend university, respectively at
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petitioned the
Czechoslovakian government for decades to restore the home so that it could be opened to the public. A partial restoration was completed in 1985, and in 1989, Ivo made a proposal for a permanent restoration and renovation program. After the
273:. Rather than simply commenting on chronicled changes in Bosch's style and influences over his career, the thesis explored the socio-political aspects of his subjects, examining the historic social details and perceptions that his images depicted.
186:. After two years of work, the house was completed in 1930 and the family began occupancy in December, nine months after their oldest son was born. At the time, the children were Hanna Weiss from Grete's first marriage and Fritz and Grete's son,
130:" ("Promotion of Women's Research and Its Anchorage in Teaching") in 1991, which successfully established coordination offices between Austrian universities to link women's studies researchers and created positions for women in the
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162:. Grete studied economics in Vienna, but left university in 1922 to marry the industrialist Hans Weiss. She and Hans lived in Germany and had a daughter before they divorced in 1928. While in Germany, Grete became interested in
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in the promotion of women's research and women researchers. She was successful in 1991, when for the first time coordination offices were established, linking women's studies researchers from universities in
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Hentschel, Linda (2002). "Pornotopic
Techniques of the Observer – The Origins of the World (1866) by Gustave Courbet and the Pleasure of Scopic Penetration". In Härtel, Insa; Schade, Sigrid (eds.).
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resided. The year she and Weiss divorced, she married Fritz, a childhood friend. Her parents gave the young couple a lot in Brno, and they commissioned Mies van der Rohe to build their home,
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an agreement was made for the city and the
Tugendhat family to work together on the restoration project. The restoration was completed and the house was opened to the public in March 2012.
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the
Tugendhat family did not immediately ask for their property to be restored, as the city promised to open it as a public museum. The museum was launched in 1994 and it was designated a
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295:" (Women's Images – Men's Myths") examined the relationship of both women's and men's representation in art. She worked with a commission of women academics, including
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Gludovatz, Karin (2018). "Hammer-Tugendhat, Daniela, geb. Tugendhat [Hammer-Tugendhat, Daniela, born
Tugenhat". In Korotin, Ilse; Stupnicki, Nastasja (eds.).
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for over $ 2 million to finance the repairs and provide initial funds for establishing a management foundation, the city reneged on the agreement. The
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Hamscha, Susanne (2015). "Austria: The Long and Winding Road towards the Institutionalization of Women's and Gender Studies". In Haas, Renate (ed.).
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in 1993 and at the University of Vienna in 1994 with a thesis focused on gender relationships in art. The thesis examined various works from
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190:. While the family was still living in the home, a younger son, Herbert was born. Eight years later, fearing persecution because they were
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program at the University of Vienna. Hammer-Tugendhat led the project, "Bourgeois Women's Culture in Austria in the 19th Century" for the
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1294:(in German). Vienna, Austria: Bundesministerium für Europa, Integration und Äußeres – Kulturpolitische Sektion. p. 221.
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Hanna did not go initially with them to Switzerland. Her father, Hans Weiss, convinced Grete that Hanna, as a
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to ensure equal representation of women as members and the establishment of inter-university coordination for
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Hammer-Tugendhat, Daniela (September 2012). "Art, Sexuality, and Gender Constructions in Western Culture".
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in 2001, as a fundamental example of the development of Modern architecture, according to New York City's
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during World War II. When the war ended, the family unsuccessfully attempted to reclaim their property in
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and what the invisible meanings were in their representation of nudes, gender relations, and sexuality.
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1510:"The Rediscovery of Pieter Bruegel the Elder: The Pioneers of Bruegel Scholarship in Belgium and Vienn"
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Biografien bedeutender österreichischer Wissenschafterinnen: Die Neugier treibt mich, Fragen zu stellen
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391:. She was promoted at the University of Applied Arts as an associate professor. That year, she joined
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Rewriting Academia: The Development of the Anglicist Women's and Gender Studies of Continental Europe
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134:. In recognition of her work as a pioneer in the history of feminist art, she was awarded the
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Judith macht Geschichte: zur Rezeption einer mythischen Gestalt vom 16. bis 19. Jahrhundert
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344:" ("Promotion of Women's Research and Its Anchorage in Teaching") sought changes from the
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Judith Makes History: On the Reception of a Mythical Form From the 16th to 19th Centuries
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Biographies of Important Austrian Scientists: Curiosity Drives Me to Ask Questions
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and was unable to return to England. She emigrated with the family to Venezuela.
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523:. The city agreed to return the house, but when Hammer-Tugendhat sold a statue
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550:[Jan van Eyck – Autonomization of Nude Images and Gender Difference].
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265:. Hammer-Tugendhat completed her doctorate in 1975 under the supervision of
1595:"Daniela Hammer-Tugendhat: Our Villa Was Stolen and Now Has to Be Returned"
357:, and Vienna and two positions were created in the Ministry of Education.
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548:"Jan van Eyck – Autonomisierung des Aktbildes und Geschlechterdifferenz"
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Asymmetrien: Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstag von Daniela Hammer-Tugendhat
269:. Her thesis focused on principles of design used by the Dutch painter,
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583:(3). Translated by Zanchi, Michael. Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire:
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Asymmetries: Festschrift for Daniela Hammer-Tugendhat's 60th Birthday
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dating back to the 17th century and their businesses were located in
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The Visible and the Invisible: On Seventeenth-Century Dutch Painting
80:(born 2 August 1946) is an Austrian art historian. She was born in
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Kalliope Austria: Frauen in Gesellschaft, Kultur und Wissenschaft
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Hammer-Tugendhat, Daniela; Hammer, Ivo; Tegethoff, Wolf (2020).
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Förderung der Frauenforschung und ihrer Verankerung in der Lehre
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Förderung der Frauenforschung und ihrer Verankerung in der Lehre
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217:'s troops would invade Switzerland, in 1941 the family fled to
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1253:[Gabriele Possanner State Prize to Hammer-Tugendhat].
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in the early 1990s, who pressed for the creation of a formal
1603:. Prague, Czech Republic: Government of the Czech Republic.
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presentation of aspects of relationships in works by Bosch,
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Bundesministerium fĂĽr Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung
683:, and took her to England. Hanna was visiting Grete when
554:(in German). Marburg, Germany: F.E. Simon Verlag: 78-99.
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Academic staff of the University of Applied Arts Vienna
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Kalliope Austria: Women in Society, Culture and Science
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in applying for funds to establish the first graduate
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Upon her graduation, Hammer-Tugendhat began work as a
112:. After completing her PhD in 1975, she taught at the
1411:. Opladen, Germany: Leske + Budrich. pp. 59–67.
1203:(in German). Vienna, Austria: Government of Austria.
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Marie-Daniela Tugendhat was born on 2 August 1946 in
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Behind the Glass: The Villa Tugendhat and Its Family
1251:"Gabriele Possanner-Staatspreis an Hammer-Tugendhat"
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was in more danger than her other children who were
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Austrian Ministry of Education, Science and Research
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between 1989 and 1992. In parallel, she pressed the
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Austrian Ministry of Education, Science and Research
1280:Gadzinski, Anna (2015). "Daniela Hammer-Tugendha".
487:The house in Brno was used to house Nazi and later
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program there in 1994. She also led an initiative "
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59:
30:
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1568:"A Mies Masterwork, Deteriorating and in Dispute"
620:(English translation ed.). Berlin, Germany:
1627:. Brno, Czech Republic: Brno City Museum. 2010.
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254:, with whom she had two children, Matthias and
1193:[Laudation for Possanner State Prize]
246:the end of 1970. That year, Tagendhat married
1429:Growing up Modern: Childhoods in Iconic Homes
641:The Tugendhat House: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
8:
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643:(3rd revised ed.). Basel, Switzerland:
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1330:. BiografiA (in German). Vienna, Austria:
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1426:Jamrozik, Julia; Kempster, Coryn (2021).
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546:Hammer-Tugendhat, Daniela (March 1989).
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63:Art historian, women's studies academic
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1631:from the original on 16 February 2024
1580:from the original on 26 November 2022
1541:"Reopening a Mies Modernist Landmark"
1539:Rawsthorn, Alice (24 February 2012).
1237:from the original on 16 February 2024
1141:
1098:
120:academics to launch a graduate-level
7:
1461:] (in German). Munich, Germany:
1311:from the original on 29 August 2023.
1191:"Laudatio fĂĽr Possanner-Staatspreis"
1189:Angere, Marie-Luise (5 March 2010).
84:, Venezuela to a family of wealthy,
1735:Naturalised citizens of Switzerland
1710:21st-century Austrian women writers
1705:20th-century Austrian women writers
1607:from the original on 4 October 2023
1553:from the original on 9 October 2023
1351:from the original on 30 April 2023.
616:Hammer-Tugendhat, Daniela (2015).
174:and a house in Berlin designed by
170:, particularly the housing on the
16:Austrian art historian (born 1946)
14:
1745:Austrian emigrants to Switzerland
1364:from the original on 17 June 2023
1267:from the original on 5 April 2024
1227:[Villa, Box of Trouble].
1210:from the original on 9 March 2014
287:University of Applied Arts Vienna
235:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
202:was imminent, the family fled to
142:Early life, education, and family
114:University of Applied Arts Vienna
94:Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia
1720:20th-century Austrian historians
593:10.2752/175613112X13376070683397
241:in 1964. She transferred to the
1593:Sustova, Jana (2 August 2007).
1360:. Vienna, Austria: Ivo Hammer.
360:Hammer-Tugendhat completed her
1680:University of Oldenburg alumni
1386:. Frankfurt am Main, Germany:
1259:(in German). Vienna, Austria.
1233:(in German). Munich, Germany.
451:Gabriele Possanner State Prize
136:Gabriele Possanner State Prize
116:until her retirement in 2012.
1:
1695:Austrian women art historians
1566:Rendon, Jim (22 March 2007).
1451:Kobelt-Groch, Marion (2005).
449:). In 2010, she received the
292:Frauen-Bilder – Männer-Mythen
252:restorer, and conservationist
250:, an Austrian art historian,
1223:Brill, Klaus (17 May 2010).
814:Jamrozik & Kempster 2021
802:Jamrozik & Kempster 2021
773:Jamrozik & Kempster 2021
375:depictions of luxury to the
332:Austrian Rectors' Conference
1675:University of Vienna alumni
1488:University of Toronto Press
305:Viktoria Schmidt-Linsenhoff
88:textile manufacturers from
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1715:20th-century Austrian Jews
1730:Venezuelan Ashkenazi Jews
1700:Women's studies academics
1670:University of Bern alumni
340:
126:
1480:Lambek, Michael (2022).
685:France fell to the Nazis
533:Moravian Gallery in Brno
525:Torso of a Walking Woman
397:Irmgard Eisenbach-Stangl
297:Kathrin Hoffmann-Curtius
176:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
78:Daniela Hammer-Tugendhat
25:Daniela Hammer-Tugendhat
1690:Austrian art historians
1503:(subscription required)
1408:Body and Representation
366:University of Oldenburg
35:Marie-Daniela Tugendhat
1576:. New York, New York.
1549:. New York, New York.
1508:PĂ©not, Sabine (2018).
1432:. Basel, Switzerland:
441:
291:
790:Brno City Museum 2010
328:Austrian Science Fund
1740:Jewish women writers
1524:. pp. 317–329.
1486:. Toronto, Ontario:
1390:. pp. 171–194.
1356:Hammer, Ivo (2023).
1334:. pp. 321–329.
1261:Austria Press Agency
1225:"Villa Kummerkasten"
585:Taylor & Francis
505:Museum of Modern Art
243:University of Vienna
110:University of Vienna
1665:People from Caracas
1621:"The Commissioners"
1522:Thames & Hudson
1463:Wilhelm Fink Verlag
1388:Peter Lang Editions
1230:SĂĽddeutsche Zeitung
1050:, pp. 175–176.
1038:, pp. 322–323.
911:, pp. 208–209.
501:World Heritage Site
405:Friederike Hassauer
231:Stanford University
178:, where her friend
92:, who had fled the
1573:The New York Times
1546:The New York Times
577:Art in Translation
552:Kritische Berichte
385:Giovanni Segantini
338:. The initiative "
239:University of Bern
106:University of Bern
1725:Jewish historians
1531:978-0-500-23984-1
1497:978-1-4875-4222-1
1472:978-3-7705-3959-8
1443:978-3-0356-1905-8
1418:978-3-8100-3254-6
1397:978-3-631-66985-3
1341:978-3-205-20238-7
1301:978-3-9503655-5-9
1113:, pp. 63–64.
1089:, pp. 46–47.
1087:Kobelt-Groch 2005
816:, pp. 88–89.
654:978-3-0356-2091-7
631:978-3-11-042690-8
529:Wilhelm Lehmbruck
494:fall of communism
229:and California's
227:McGill University
172:Weissenhof Estate
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1178:
1177:
1173:Rawsthorn 2012
1165:
1146:
1127:
1115:
1111:Hentschel 2002
1103:
1101:, p. 323.
1091:
1079:
1064:
1052:
1040:
1036:Gludovatz 2018
1028:
1026:, p. 176.
1016:
1014:, p. 322.
1012:Gludovatz 2018
991:
976:
974:, p. 224.
964:
962:, p. 222.
952:
950:, p. 220.
940:
938:, p. 219.
925:
923:, p. 210.
913:
901:
899:, p. 204.
889:
887:, p. 208.
877:
875:, p. 207.
865:
863:, p. 202.
853:
851:, p. 201.
841:
818:
806:
794:
777:
762:
760:, p. 321.
758:Gludovatz 2018
729:
727:, p. 221.
725:Gadzinski 2015
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
690:
689:
667:
666:
664:
661:
660:
659:
653:
636:
630:
613:
572:
541:
540:Selected works
538:
509:Barry Bergdoll
484:
481:
459:
456:
432:gender studies
401:Andre Gingrich
373:iconographical
324:gender studies
278:
275:
200:Czechoslovakia
143:
140:
98:Czechoslovakia
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
50:
34:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
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2:
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1660:Living people
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1333:
1332:Böhlau Verlag
1325:
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1128:
1124:
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1080:
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1032:
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1020:
1017:
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1008:
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1002:
1000:
998:
996:
992:
988:
983:
981:
977:
973:
968:
965:
961:
956:
953:
949:
944:
941:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
917:
914:
910:
905:
902:
898:
893:
890:
886:
881:
878:
874:
869:
866:
862:
857:
854:
850:
845:
842:
838:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
819:
815:
810:
807:
804:, p. 88.
803:
798:
795:
791:
786:
784:
782:
778:
775:, p. 83.
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
754:
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748:
746:
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672:
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627:
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429:
423:
418:
414:
413:Helga Nowotny
410:
406:
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367:
363:
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315:
310:
306:
302:
301:Sigrid Schade
298:
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262:
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213:Fearing that
211:
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66:
62:
60:Occupation(s)
58:
53:
47:(age 78)
45:2 August 1946
33:
29:
22:
19:
1633:. Retrieved
1624:
1609:. Retrieved
1598:
1582:. Retrieved
1571:
1555:. Retrieved
1544:
1517:
1514:Haag, Sabine
1482:
1458:
1453:
1428:
1407:
1379:
1366:. Retrieved
1323:
1318:
1287:
1282:
1269:. Retrieved
1256:Der Standard
1254:
1239:. Retrieved
1228:
1212:. Retrieved
1198:
1182:Bibliography
1168:
1118:
1106:
1094:
1082:
1073:Der Standard
1072:
1067:
1062:, p. 6.
1055:
1048:Hamscha 2015
1043:
1031:
1024:Hamscha 2015
1019:
967:
955:
943:
916:
904:
892:
880:
868:
856:
844:
837:Sustova 2007
809:
797:
671:
640:
617:
580:
576:
551:
524:
513:
486:
461:
446:
417:Edith Specht
393:Edith Saurer
381:Jan van Eyck
362:habilitation
359:
280:
212:
180:Eduard Fuchs
168:architecture
145:
118:
77:
76:
71:1975–present
18:
1655:1946 births
1600:Czech Radio
1161:Rendon 2007
1123:Angere 2010
1060:Angere 2010
987:Hammer 2023
972:Lambek 2022
960:Lambek 2022
948:Lambek 2022
936:Lambek 2022
921:Lambek 2022
909:Lambek 2022
897:Lambek 2022
885:Lambek 2022
873:Lambek 2022
861:Lambek 2022
849:Lambek 2022
587:: 361-382.
437:festschrift
420: [
312: [
259: [
54:, Venezuela
1649:Categories
1434:Birkhäuser
1358:"About Me"
1142:Brill 2010
1099:PĂ©not 2018
695:References
645:Birkhäuser
622:De Gruyter
609:4912940117
428:Ruth Wodak
309:Silke Wenk
267:Otto Pächt
248:Ivo Hammer
204:St. Gallen
164:modern art
102:St. Gallen
41:1946-08-02
700:Citations
601:1756-1310
568:886870376
560:0340-7403
473:Segantini
469:Rembrandt
377:realistic
208:Kirchberg
138:of 2009.
1629:Archived
1605:Archived
1584:10 April
1578:Archived
1557:10 April
1551:Archived
1362:Archived
1346:Archived
1306:Archived
1271:10 April
1265:Archived
1241:10 April
1235:Archived
1214:10 April
1205:Archived
507:curator
458:Research
370:Medieval
283:lecturer
223:Montreal
194:and the
160:Svitávka
108:and the
1635:6 April
1611:6 April
1516:(ed.).
1368:6 April
519:by the
465:Bruegel
364:at the
320:women's
285:at the
219:Caracas
152:Moravia
148:Caracas
82:Caracas
52:Caracas
1528:
1494:
1469:
1440:
1415:
1394:
1338:
1326:]
1298:
1290:]
651:
628:
607:
599:
566:
558:
498:UNESCO
489:Soviet
477:Titian
426:, and
389:Titian
387:, and
307:, and
277:Career
215:Hitler
192:Jewish
86:Jewish
1512:. In
1457:[
1384:(PDF)
1349:(PDF)
1328:(PDF)
1322:[
1309:(PDF)
1292:(PDF)
1286:[
1208:(PDF)
1195:(PDF)
681:Czech
663:Notes
521:Nazis
424:]
316:]
263:]
256:Lukas
188:Ernst
1637:2024
1613:2024
1586:2024
1559:2024
1526:ISBN
1492:ISBN
1467:ISBN
1438:ISBN
1413:ISBN
1392:ISBN
1370:2024
1336:ISBN
1296:ISBN
1273:2024
1243:2024
1216:2024
1075:2010
649:ISBN
626:ISBN
605:OCLC
597:ISSN
564:OCLC
556:ISSN
475:and
355:Linz
351:Graz
322:and
166:and
158:and
156:Brno
90:Brno
31:Born
589:doi
527:by
225:'s
210:.
198:of
1651::
1623:.
1597:.
1570:.
1543:.
1490:.
1465:.
1436:.
1344:.
1304:.
1197:.
1149:^
1130:^
994:^
979:^
928:^
821:^
780:^
765:^
732:^
707:^
647:.
624:.
603:.
595:.
579:.
562:.
471:,
467:,
439:,
422:de
415:,
411:,
407:,
403:,
399:,
395:,
383:,
353:,
314:de
303:,
299:,
261:de
43:)
1639:.
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1163:.
1144:.
1077:.
989:.
839:.
792:.
657:.
634:.
611:.
591::
581:4
570:.
445:(
39:(
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