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764:, and as such the region was extremely profitable for the League. Lots of German merchants lived in Scania and multiple cities in the area were settled by those willing to fish. In 1360 however, Valdemar IV reconquered Scania, securing the region under Danish rule instead of Swedish rule. Though Valdemar IV allowed the Hanseatic League to keep their privileges in the region, it came at a high cost.
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harassed
Prussian vessels and merchants in the Oresund. Valdemar also adopted a hostile attitude towards the Dutch cities as well. These actions helped create an alliance between the Wendish cities, the Prussian cities, and the Dutch cities. Multiple other Hanseatic towns from various regions agreed to a formal military alliance, known as the
981:
The war proved that the
Hanseatic League was not just a group of merchants. It showed that they were capable of militarily challenging foes by raising their own armies and navies. They had directed much of the war's operations on their own, and had shown that they were a force to be reckoned with. In
884:
under control by granting the citizens full control over them. This kept most
Hanseatic ports under control. More importantly, Valdemar IV, despite his successes in the beginning of the war, proved inept at ending the conflict. Instead of sowing discord between the Hanseatic states, Valdemar instead
871:
With this defeat, the
Hanseatic League was seriously crippled. Though plans were made about a potential second expedition to attack Denmark, they resulted in nothing concrete. Three years of uneasy peace followed, and many of the Wendish towns who were still in the war bickered with one another over
985:
The
Cologne Confederation would last under 1385, while the Hanseatic League itself would continue to be a major player in Northern European affairs. However, Denmark would not forget their defeat in this war. Along with Sweden and Norway, both of whom worried of the growing German influence pushing
956:
The treaty that concluded the war greatly benefited the
Hanseatic League. Though the League had the chance to push for harsher terms, they instead were content with confirming charters that were already set. German merchants in Scania were no longer to be tolled, and free trade was to be enforced.
808:
The city of Visby, which had been for many years one of the most important trading posts in the Baltic Sea, was one of the most important
Hanseatic ports there was at the time. Though Valdemar IV was willing to renew the cities Hanseatic charter, his expansion was still nonetheless viewed as
863:
of Lubeck, landed his fleet of around 50 ships, 27 of which being cogs, in
Helsingborg. His army went on foot to siege the city, but this proved to be a major mistake. Valdemar took the opportunity and attacked the Hanseatic navy, and succeeded in capturing 12 ships in the ensuing
664:. Though the first few years of the war resulted in several Danish victories, and even led to a beneficial truce for Denmark in 1365, the Hanseatic League, furious at the terms of the truce, resumed hostilities along with several allies and managed to defeat the Danes.
726:. These towns and cities controlled trade through various means, and profited off of the lucrative Baltic trade. They also collectively worked together to eliminate piracy throughout the Baltic as well, which previously made trade in the region difficult.
855:
cities in particular were guilty of this, as despite providing financial subsidies to the Hansa, still continued trade with the Danish. As a result, the
Hanseatic blockade proved ineffective, and the burden of the war fell upon the Wendish towns.
548:
982:
the aftermath of the war, the
Hanseatic League became the one of the most powerful groups in Northern Europe, and though it was not a united entity in any way, they were united in their defense of trade and their mercantile hegemony.
846:
However, many members of the Hanseatic League did not fully participate in the war effort. Though the League was attempting a blockade on Denmark to stifle their economy, many members of league still traded with Denmark. The
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control over the Oresund. The Hansa was also granted two-thirds of the revenue from the forts, and the Hanseatic League would also be granted the privilege of having a say in the Danish Royal election.
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793:
Gutnish militia attempted to fend off the invasion, but they stood little chance against Valdemar's experienced army of mercenaries. On July 27, 1361, the Danish army crushed the Gutnish army in the
801:, the largest and most prominent city on the island, surrendered to Valdemar, paying a huge sum of tribute in order to prevent a sacking. With Visby under Danish control, the entire island was
928:
of Denmark in the absence of Valdemar, yet Valdemar was unable to find any allies. Wendish ships raided the Danish and Norwegian coasts (Norway had joined the conflict on Denmark's side as
706:, which secured a tenuous truce between the combatants. The second part starts with the Hanseatic League's resumption of hostilities against Denmark and ending with the
920:, resumed hostilities against Valdemar, who now also had to deal with rebellious nobility. The Danish king fled Denmark in an attempt find potential allies, while
745:, there were around 300,000 people fishing throughout Scania. The region was also an important distribution center for goods transferring from the Baltic to the
936:
by the Hanseatic fleet, with its port damaged beyond use for the remainder of the war. Swedish armies were sieging down Scania, being mostly successful except
790:, had ambitions to further expand his Danish realm to become a new northern great power. In 1361, Valdemar launched an invasion on the island of Gotland.
1008:"On the Origin and Significance of the Hanseatic League. Typescript. by Stein, Walter and David K Bjork:: Very Good Folder (1940) | Plurabelle Books Ltd"
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cities decided to suspend diplomatic and commercial relations with Denmark, and eventually declared war on the Danes, along with their allies of
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Despite multiple setbacks, the Hanseatic League managed to stay together. In 1366, a Hanseatic diet convened in Lubeck managed to keep the
892:
702:
The Danish–Hanseatic War is split into two parts, one part starting with the Danish conquest of Gotland and ending with the Treaty of
990:, which itself would be a major competitor of the Hanseatic League, and a major factor in its eventual decline by the 17th century.
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was the son-in-law of Valdemar), and the blockades on Norwegian ports in particular led to Norway's withdrawal from the war.
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Artwork depicting the Scanian city of Helsingborg in 1588. Though anachronous, it shows the relevance of the city as a port
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for several years. German settlers colonized various parts of Prussia and Livonia, establishing settlements such as
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868:. Wittenborg successfully secured an armistice and fled, though he was eventually executed for his failures.
671:, the war quickly spread to encompass all territories where Denmark and the Hansa had conflicting claims.
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944:. When Helsingborg was captured in September, 1369, the Danish council sued for peace, and the
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funding. It seemed like the Hanseatic League could potentially collapse at this very moment.
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Valdemar, who had just managed to stabilize his kingdom after the catastrophic reign of
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1134:"Hanseatic League - Medieval Trade, German Cities, Baltic Sea | Britannica Money"
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The Hanseatic League had been granted several privileges in Scania by the
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648:(1361–1370) was both a trade and territorial conflict mainly between the
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By 1361, the Hanseatic League had been the uncontested hegemon over the
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1086:. Internet Archive. Stanford, Calif., Stanford University Press.
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Queen Margrete I, 1353-1412: And the Founding of the Nordic Union
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More important was the acquisition of 4 key forts, those being
530:
695:, secured the Hanseatic League's position as a great power in
940:. The Count of Holstein meanwhile marched his men throughout
904:
Military situation in Denmark (1370) after foreign invasions.
1061:. Terra Scaniae, 2007. In Swedish. Retrieved 27 August 2008.
683:, were attacked and raided, and even the Danish capital of
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Various German and Danish troops, compromising many German
27:
Military conflict between Denmark and the Hanseatic League
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aggressive by the Hanseatic League, and a diet of both
859:
In April 1362, the commander of the Hanseatic fleet,
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Hanseatic League gains control over several forts in
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into Scandinavia, Denmark would go on to ratify the
973:. These forts granted the Hanseatic league complete
733:
Key cities and trade routes of the Hanseatic League
78:Northern Germany, Scandinavia, and the Baltic Sea
737:Also important to the Hanseatic League were the
908:The Confederation, bolstered by alliances with
753:passed between Scania and the Danish island of
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520:Combined fleet of the Confederation of Cologne
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514:Various armies from the Anti-Danish alliance
667:Though initiated by the Danish conquest of
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774:Valdemar Atterdag's invasion of Gotland
1057:Skånemarknaden Archived 2013-04-18 at
948:was negotiated in the following year.
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1107:Eriksen, Anders Bager (2017-12-14).
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1109:"Dansk-Hanseatisk Krig (1362-65)"
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18:Danish-Hanseatic War (1361-1370)
741:. According to French Crusader
54:Valdemar IV of Denmark enters
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1031:Etting, Vivian (2004-01-01).
687:was ransacked. The resulting
1080:Dollinger, Philippe (1970).
782:King Valdemar IV of Denmark
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69:22 July 1361 - 24 May 1370
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42:Danish–Hanseatic rivalry
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1184:Wars involving Sweden
934:Copenhagen was sacked
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743:Philippe de Mézières
646:Danish–Hanseatic War
392:Duchy of Mecklenburg
35:Danish–Hanseatic War
1113:Historiskerejser.dk
946:Treaty of Stralsund
805:under Danish rule.
739:fisheries of Scania
708:Treaty of Stralsund
396:Danish Noble Rebels
95:: Hanseatic victory
1174:History of Denmark
1138:www.britannica.com
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650:Kingdom of Denmark
380:County of Holstein
1169:History of Lübeck
1093:978-0-8047-0742-8
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861:Johann Wittenborg
841:Johann Wittenborg
762:Kingdom of Sweden
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1141:. Retrieved
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1015:. Retrieved
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988:Kalmar Union
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93:Second Phase
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40:Part of the
1115:(in Danish)
963:Helsingborg
914:Mecklenburg
704:Vordingborg
621:Vordingborg
504:mercenaries
428:Christopher
417:Valdemar IV
100:Territorial
88:First Phase
1158:Categories
1143:2024-01-08
1119:2024-01-13
1017:2024-01-08
994:References
815:Pomeranian
749:, for the
720:Baltic Sea
714:Background
685:Copenhagen
656:, and the
631:Lindholmen
606:Copenhagen
599:Second war
1037:. BRILL.
971:Falsterbo
747:North Sea
710:in 1370.
693:Stralsund
652:, led by
585:First war
457:Haakon VI
327:Stralsund
301:Towns in
295:Towns in
277:Towns in
271:Towns in
190:Stralsund
975:de facto
918:Holstein
882:Kontores
853:Teutonic
803:de facto
755:Sjælland
675:and the
626:Nykøbing
574:Mästerby
489:Hansetag
74:Location
942:Jutland
811:Wendish
751:Oresund
677:Oresund
669:Gotland
616:Kolding
568:Gotland
430: (
339:Rostock
303:Livonia
297:Prussia
279:Zeeland
273:Holland
242:Denmark
166:Gotland
136:Denmark
102:changes
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969:, and
967:Skanor
952:Legacy
916:, and
910:Sweden
823:Norway
819:Sweden
689:treaty
681:Norway
673:Scania
662:Lübeck
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368:Sweden
365:
315:Lubeck
254:Norway
251:
239:
218:Sweden
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205:Norway
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178:Lubeck
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107:Scania
84:Result
959:Malmo
926:drost
849:Dutch
799:Visby
579:Visby
56:Visby
1088:ISBN
1039:ISBN
851:and
821:and
813:and
724:Riga
644:The
487:The
66:Date
433:WIA
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1066:^
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550:e
543:t
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
