346:
289:. The Committee drafted several completely new statutes, and especially Peder Lassens suggestions regarding inheritance were ahead of their time in Denmark. The committee's suggestions regarding laws of legal procedure were handed to the State College, which replied positively in July, 1664. To revise the suggestions, the Second Law Committee was expanded with four jurists from the State College, after which the work began to decline once again.
535:, have commented that the promulgation of the Danske Lov was one particularly positive aspect of the period of absolute monarchy in Denmark. This enactment followed in form the moves made by many European absolute monarchies at the time, in the desire to create a separate, independent and centralised body of law in the Kingdom and ‘nation’ (with a somewhat different understanding of the latter term than had sometimes later been used). However,
236:
313:(Count Griffenfeld after his ennoblement), as both Parsberg and Vinding were his close friends. The third Committee started off a lengthy conflict between Lassen and Vinding regarding the Code, as Lassen was the professional jurist, while Vinding lacked legal training. A professor of history and geography, Vinding had a good reputation as a gifted judge, but lacked in-depth knowledge of the Danish laws.
25:
161:
550:. He states that in justice, brevity and clarity, the ‘Code surpasses all other legal texts he knows of’ - ‘it is so clear and simple to understand, that any literate person can understand his case and is able to represent himself in Court if he so wishes’, perhaps a rather fanciful statement about the imagined social significance of the text.
465:, which held great influence in Europe outside Scandinavia at the time, can only be traced in a few places. This fits well with the main purpose, which since the Third Law Committee was to compile already existing laws into a more useful format. Thus, the Danish Code only treated new areas to a limited extent.
553:
In later centuries, the law was subject to amendments and attempts at scholarly systematisations but was not treated as an all-encompassing, single universal ‘system’ or ‘source’ of law. Over time, it was not replaced, and its significance weakened, but certain of its provision are still relevant and
382:
was also connected to the work, revising the sections dealing with the clergy. Lassen criticized
Vinding's division of the Code into five parts, suggesting only three parts instead. However, his criticism was not as vehement as previously, perhaps because he tired out – Lassen had been connected with
316:
Work in the Third
Committee did not get under way, so on March 8, 1666, the King ordered each of the committee's four members to compile and revise their own set of laws, removing outdated statutes from the Danish system of legal writs. In practice, all earlier work was abandoned, which was a defeat
247:
appointed a commission to scrutinize the laws of the kingdom, to identify laws that were in conflict with the absolute power of the king and to work out a new procedure for the administration of justice. The Danish Code is seen as being born of necessity, as justice was at the time administered on
424:
The drawn out arguments caused the King to appoint a Fourth
Revision Committee on April 16, 1681, consisting of four people, among these Rasmus Vinding. They were selected to complete a final revision of the Code, and they made many minor changes and additions to the previous draft. The committee
324:
By the late 1660s, Vinding's friend Peder
Schumacher was appointed as Assessor both to the State College and the Supreme Court. He used his influence with the King to get Vinding's draft approved, so Vinding by a secret order on March 11, 1669, was given the task of drafting the new body of laws,
139:
from 1683 that previously formed the basis for the Danish legislation. Even though it was mainly a compilation of older, regional laws, it took seven different commissions over several decades under two different monarchs to put the Code together. In 1687, Norway received its
383:
the project since its beginning 11 years earlier. Lassen's revisions to the draft are mostly corrections of misunderstandings, with very few highly negative comments. Thus, Vinding and
Griffenfeld (previously Schumacher) had won the battle over the layout of the text.
152:. The majority of the statute has now been superseded by newer laws. However, parts of the Code are still in force, e.g. 3-19-2, which states that an employer is responsible for compensation for damages that an employee might cause during his/her employment.
425:
completed its work by the end of 1681, and the King approved the Danish Code on
January 3, 1682. Small corrections continued to be made until June 23, where the Law was printed, even though it was officially completed on April 15, the King's birthday.
267:), a governing body overseeing the workings of the government, published a report suggesting to work out a comprehensive Danish Code. King Frederick III then established The First Law Committee consisting of 3 jurists (including Supreme Court
499:
Some have made claims about its "progressive" character compared to the Europe of its time, in particular progressive nature of Danish law is reflected in the law of inheritance,made according to Peder Lassen's proposal. The Lov outlawed
414:. Work in the committee broke down, mainly because of the clergymen who unsuccessfully tried to demolish the committee. The sticking point was the rights of confession of foreigners living in Denmark, especially the exiled French
468:
The enactment of the Danish law is a milestone in the history of law in
Denmark and even in Northern Europe, being notable in the evolution of the Danish legal system from medieval law to the modern legal system.
475:
It was partly addressed at regarding economic development and centralisation in
Denmark, by creation of a more encompassing single, authorized statutory text. The Danish judicial area was previously divided into
147:
The statute should be viewed in connection with the
European traditions of justice, which since the 12th century has moved towards an assembly of different practices. This tradition was encouraged by the
370:
After a long break, on
September 24, 1672, a three-person Revision Committee was established to revise Rasmus Vindings draft. The three members were Peder Lassen, Attorney General
333:, but with a more systematic setup and fewer outdated or contradictory sections. The content of the text was mainly old laws coupled with new laws based on earlier verdicts (i.e.
274:), 8 noblemen and 10 civilians. Work in the first Committee broke down, one of the causes being that the noblemen were unhappy with the suggested diminishing of their privileges.
317:
for Lassen who had been the driving force so far, and perhaps a tactical move by the King to have him superseded by Vinding. Of the four submitted drafts, Vinding's so-called
277:
On November 16, 1662, the King replaced the first Committee with the Second Law Committee consisting of the former Committee's four foremost legal experts, Peder Lassen,
202:
attempts at legislation. One of the first examples of Danish legislation was 'Vederloven' from the 1180s, that regulated the personal army of the king, also known as the
742:
364:
After the death of King Frederick III in 1670, legislative work slowed down again. Peder Schumacher's (now Count Griffenfeld) interest in the project also died down.
321:
gained the best reception, after which legislative work dwindled down again. Meanwhile, Lassen kept his rejected draft at hand should Vinding's draft be turned down.
389:
With the death of committee leader Reedz on July 10, 1674, Griffenfeld took over. He created the Second Revision Committee by including his brother-in-law, mayor of
222:. This means that they are based on concrete cases of breaches of the law, and describe how the conflict is to be solved. However, the rules of procedure are broad.
402:
On February 28, 1680, a royal missive was published establishing the Third Revision Committee. It consisted of 13 members, among these the three clergymen bishop
543:
396:
and his friend Vinding in the committee. When Griffenfeld fell from power on March 11, 1676, work on the Danish Code stopped completely for four years.
690:
144:, which in form and content is about identical to the Danish Code. The Danish Code has been translated into English, Latin, German and Russian.
735:
824:
108:
728:
484:. Specifically, the contradiction between what most tend to call the ‘civil’ and ‘commercial’ or ‘private’ law represented by
46:
819:
89:
61:
42:
765:
528:
68:
35:
171:
472:
The codification of Danish law had the purpose of establishing royal prestige by Frederick III and Christian V.
839:
371:
244:
647:
Kong Christian Den Femtis Danske Lov. Sjette Bog: Om Misgierninger, XIII. Kapitel: Om Løsagtighed, 15. Artikel
75:
354:
199:
527:
Some later professors of law and history, notably the famed late 18th and early 19th century Danish jurist
345:
770:
302:
57:
687:
350:
834:
521:
501:
329:. By the end of 1669, Vinding put forth his suggestions, which was an updated version of his earlier
215:
539:
holds that earlier legislation deserves the credit because the Danish Code is mostly a compilation.
306:
829:
411:
297:
A third Committee was established on February 23, 1666, consisting of Peder Lassen, Vice Treasurer
271:
775:
532:
403:
393:
379:
298:
536:
407:
282:
259:
respectively was seen as bothersome and anachronistic. On January 12, 1661, the State College (
310:
433:
In addition to the oaths sworn by judges and witnesses, the Danish code contains six books:
195:
165:
652:
King Christian V's Danish Code. Book 6: On misdeeds, chapter 3: On promiscuity, article 15.
707:(Danish) The Danish Code on the website Retsinfo – see here which parts are still in force
706:
694:
505:
260:
149:
714:(1893) (Danish) published by Vilhelm Adolf Secher and Chr. Størchel available online via
82:
797:
715:
278:
268:
235:
141:
461:
The final Danish Code is first and foremost based on earlier Danish legislative work.
813:
645:
189:
179:
682:
Kodifikation eller Kompilation? - Christian V's Danske Lov paa baggrund af ældre Ret
375:
286:
136:
751:
493:
485:
207:
24:
517:
390:
334:
688:(Danish) History of Law at the Department of Law at University of Copenhagen
489:
462:
219:
211:
203:
160:
492:
was instead resolved by the enactment of the Danish Law under the rule of
720:
415:
251:
Additionally, the division of Denmark into two judiciary areas, based on
175:
481:
477:
256:
252:
133:
513:
358:
437:
1: Om Retten og Rettens Personer (The court and people at the court)
344:
234:
159:
546:, praises the Danish Code in his otherwise highly negative text,
724:
642:"Omgængelse, som er imod Naturen, straffis med Baal og Brand."
18:
248:
the basis of a large number of somewhat contradictory laws.
449:
5: Om Adkomst, Gods og Gield (Inheritance, estate and debt)
512:), a collective term for a group of sexual acts including
206:. This was superseded by a series of regional laws, first
440:
2: Om Religion og Geistligheden (Religion and the clergy)
309:. The new Committee reflected the influence of statesman
198:, which is dated to the 13th century, describes the
784:
758:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
443:3: Om Verdslig- og Huus-Stand (Temporal positions)
548:An account of Denmark as it was in the year 1692
164:Prior to the adoption of the Danish Code, each
243:Immediately after gaining absolute power King
736:
712:Forarbejderne til kong Kristian Vs Danske Lov
231:The two first Law Committees and Peder Lassen
8:
218:. Generally, the regional laws are based on
187:
743:
729:
721:
542:The English envoy to Denmark at the time,
293:The third Law Committee and Rasmus Vinding
349:Marble bust of Christian V of Denmark by
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
520:; the prescribed punishment was that of
16:Title of a Danish statute book from 1683
562:
457:Implication and importance of the Code
7:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
446:4: Om Søretten (The Maritime Court)
378:, who headed the committee. Bishop
14:
23:
554:invoked in judicial decisions.
34:needs additional citations for
658:(in Danish). Copenhagen. 1683.
452:6: Om Misgierninger (Misdeeds)
1:
684:, G.E.C. Gads Forlag, 1954.
341:Revisions under Christian V
856:
825:17th century in Danish law
410:and professor in theology
605:Stig Iuul, 1954, p. 44-54
372:Peder Lauridsen Scavenius
301:, State College Assessor
178:(in grey) which followed
305:and Supreme Court judge
632:Stig Iuul, 1954, p. 72.
596:Stig Iuul, 1954, s. 36.
569:Stig Iuul, 1954, p. 26.
752:Legal codes by country
623:Stig Iuul, 1954, p. 71
614:Stig Iuul, 1954, p. 57
587:Stig Iuul, 1954, p. 33
578:Stig Iuul, 1954, p. 29
510:omgængelse mod naturen
509:
361:
264:
240:
239:Christian V of Denmark
188:
183:
668:Stig Iuul, 1954, p. 7
502:crimes against nature
348:
238:
163:
820:Germanic legal codes
529:Anders Sandøe Ørsted
522:burning at the stake
186:The historical book
132:) is the title of a
43:improve this article
488:and the law of the
327:Corpus juris Danici
303:Kristoffer Parsberg
693:2008-02-09 at the
406:, Royal Confessor
362:
241:
184:
172:its own legal code
807:
806:
544:Robert Molesworth
422:Fourth Committee:
387:Second Committee:
174:, except for the
119:
118:
111:
93:
847:
745:
738:
731:
722:
716:Internet Archive
669:
666:
660:
659:
657:
639:
633:
630:
624:
621:
615:
612:
606:
603:
597:
594:
588:
585:
579:
576:
570:
567:
400:Third Committee:
368:First Committee:
351:Christian Nerger
331:Codex Fredericus
319:Codex Fredericus
311:Peder Schumacher
196:Saxo Grammaticus
193:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
855:
854:
850:
849:
848:
846:
845:
844:
840:1683 in Denmark
810:
809:
808:
803:
780:
754:
749:
703:
695:Wayback Machine
677:
672:
667:
663:
655:
644:
640:
636:
631:
627:
622:
618:
613:
609:
604:
600:
595:
591:
586:
582:
577:
573:
568:
564:
560:
531:, as well as,
459:
431:
374:and chancellor
355:National Museum
343:
295:
233:
228:
216:Sjællandske Lov
158:
150:Catholic Church
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
853:
851:
843:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
812:
811:
805:
804:
802:
801:
798:Norwegian Code
795:
788:
786:
782:
781:
779:
778:
773:
768:
762:
760:
756:
755:
750:
748:
747:
740:
733:
725:
719:
718:
709:
702:
701:External links
699:
698:
697:
685:
676:
673:
671:
670:
661:
634:
625:
616:
607:
598:
589:
580:
571:
561:
559:
556:
458:
455:
454:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
430:
427:
342:
339:
307:Rasmus Vinding
294:
291:
279:Heinrich Ernst
265:Statskollegiet
232:
229:
227:
224:
157:
154:
142:Norwegian Code
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
852:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
815:
799:
796:
793:
790:
789:
787:
783:
777:
776:United States
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
761:
757:
753:
746:
741:
739:
734:
732:
727:
726:
723:
717:
713:
710:
708:
705:
704:
700:
696:
692:
689:
686:
683:
679:
678:
674:
665:
662:
653:
649:
648:
643:
638:
635:
629:
626:
620:
617:
611:
608:
602:
599:
593:
590:
584:
581:
575:
572:
566:
563:
557:
555:
551:
549:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
473:
470:
466:
464:
456:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
435:
434:
428:
426:
423:
419:
417:
413:
412:Kristian Nold
409:
405:
401:
397:
395:
392:
388:
384:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
356:
352:
347:
340:
338:
336:
332:
328:
322:
320:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
292:
290:
288:
284:
280:
275:
273:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
246:
245:Frederick III
237:
230:
225:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:Danish kings'
197:
192:
191:
190:Gesta Danorum
181:
177:
173:
169:
168:
162:
155:
153:
151:
145:
143:
138:
135:
131:
127:
123:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
58:"Danish Code"
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
791:
759:Contemporary
711:
681:
664:
651:
646:
641:
637:
628:
619:
610:
601:
592:
583:
574:
565:
552:
547:
541:
526:
498:
474:
471:
467:
460:
432:
421:
420:
399:
398:
386:
385:
376:Peder Reedtz
367:
366:
363:
330:
326:
323:
318:
315:
296:
287:Niels Trolle
276:
272:Peder Lassen
250:
242:
185:
166:
146:
137:statute book
129:
125:
121:
120:
105:
99:October 2010
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
835:1683 in law
792:Danish Code
771:Philippines
680:Stig Iuul,
533:Edvard Holm
494:Christian V
486:Scanian Law
404:Hans Bagger
394:Jørgen Fogh
380:Hans Vandal
299:Holger Vind
208:Scanian Law
180:Frisian Law
130:Danish Code
830:1683 books
814:Categories
558:References
518:bestiality
391:Copenhagen
335:Common Law
204:Housecarls
156:Background
122:Danske Lov
69:newspapers
537:Stig Iuul
490:Jyske Lov
463:Roman law
416:Huguenots
408:Hans Leth
353:, 1680s,
283:Otte Krag
220:Casuistry
212:Jyske Lov
785:Obsolete
691:Archived
429:Contents
269:Assessor
210:, later
176:Uthlande
167:landskab
675:Sources
482:Zealand
478:Jutland
257:Zealand
253:Jutland
226:History
126:English
83:scholar
800:(1687)
794:(1683)
766:Canada
654:]
514:sodomy
506:Danish
359:Warsaw
261:Danish
134:Danish
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
656:(PDF)
650:[
90:JSTOR
76:books
516:and
480:and
285:and
255:and
214:and
170:had
62:news
357:in
337:).
194:by
45:by
816::
524:.
508::
504:“(
496:.
418:.
281:,
263::
128::
744:e
737:t
730:v
500:“
182:.
124:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.