42:
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86:
227:
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large, sharp thorns running along the midline of the back from behind the eyes to the tail spine, and thorns of various sizes are also scattered about the dorsal surface of the disc. The tail behind the spine is densely covered by stout thorns. This species is a uniform dark brown or gray to black above and whitish below. The longer tail, presence of thorns, and absence of white dots atop the disc differentiate this species from the
61:
556:
395:
538:
have rounded tips and gently curved trailing margins. The whip-like tail measures about twice the length of the disc and bears one or two long stinging spines with up to 88 serrations. A narrow fin fold runs beneath the tail and ends well before the tail tip. Large juveniles and adults have a row of
646:
sometimes hook this ray, which may be difficult to bring in due to its size. A Thorntail stingray with a width of 1.67 m (5 ft 6 in) and length of 2.35 m (7 ft 9 in) was caught and released of Warner Beach, South Africa in Jan 2020.
650:
From 1986 to 1997, New
Zealand reported an average annual catch of 15 t (15 long tons; 17 short tons) for this species and the short-tail stingray combined, though this figure may underestimate the total fishery impact. In June 2018 the New Zealand
686:
Jabado, R.W., Chartrain, E., De Bruyne, G., Derrick, D., Dia, M., Diop, M., Doherty, P., Finucci, B., Leurs, G.H.L., Metcalfe, K., Pires, J.D., Seidu, I., Soares, A.-L., Tamo, A., VanderWright, W.J. & Williams, A.B. (2021).
333:. Growing to 1.8 m (5.9 ft) across and over 200 kg (440 lb) in weight, the thorntail stingray is among the largest stingrays in the world. Uniformly dark above and light below, it has a diamond-shaped
518:
One of the largest members of its family, the thorntail stingray reaches at least 4 m (13 ft) long, 1.8 m (5.9 ft) across, and 214 kg (472 lb) in weight. This species has a diamond-shaped
641:
and on line gear, probably in low numbers. Most individuals landed are discarded, though the rate of survival after capture is unknown, as this species may be subject to persecution by fishery workers.
523:
disc about one-fourth wider than long, with sinuous leading margins converging to a slightly protruding snout tip and rounded outer and trailing margins. The mouth is slightly arched; there are five
630:) regularly gather to be hand-fed fish scraps; the number of visitors has steadily increased in recent years, and there is interest in developing the site as a permanent tourist attraction.
614:
The tail spine of the thorntail stingray is potentially injurious to humans. It is reportedly unaggressive and approachable, and can be conditioned to accept being "ridden" by divers. At
502:. Off New Zealand, large groups of thorntail stingrays have been seen inside caves and beneath rocky arches. This species is known to occur as deep as 440 m (1,440 ft).
527:
across the floor with the outermost pair smaller and set apart from the others. The tooth rows number 25–43 in the upper jaw and 29–48 in the lower jaw, and are arranged with a
822:
Waite, E.R. (December 23, 1899). "Scientific results of the trawling expedition of H.M.C.S. "Thetis," off the coast of New South Wales, in
February and March, 1898 (Part 1)".
733:
1276:
376:
1302:
1366:
602:. Thorntail stingrays have been reported to congregate in warm, shallow waters during the summer, possibly for reproductive purposes. This species is
1250:
656:
652:
1289:
1111:
Lewis, A. & D. Newsome (2003). "Planning for
Stingray Tourism at Hamelin Bay, Western Australia: the Importance of Stakeholder Perspectives".
337:
disc and a very long, whip-like tail with a fin fold underneath. The upper surface of the disc and the tail bear numerous stout, sharp thorns.
482:, and New Zealand. It is fairly common off Australia and New Zealand and less so elsewhere. Favoring inshore habitats with soft bottoms, this
756:
431:
for this species include black skate, black stingaree, long-tailed stingaree, longtail black stingray, thorn stingray, and thorntail ray.
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1152:
971:
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stinging spine of the thorntail stingray can inflict a painful injury, though it is not aggressive towards humans. It is caught by
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850:
615:
524:
1294:
1138:
Duffy, Clinton A. J.; Francis, Malcolm; Dunn, M. R.; Finucci, Brit; Ford, Richard; Hitchmough, Rod; Rolfe, Jeremy (2018).
1139:
989:"A survey of tail spine characteristics of stingrays frequenting African, Arabian to Chagos-Maldive Archipelago waters"
1307:
1026:
85:
563:
During the day, thorntail stingrays are often seen resting on patches of sand. This species preys mainly upon
1177:
514:
The presence of numerous thorns on the back and tail are a characteristic trait of the thorntail stingray.
1215:
727:
711:
603:
352:
200:
1068:
Moravec, F. & J.L. Justine (2006). "Three nematode species from elasmobranchs off New
Caledonia".
1343:
1317:
1224:
1042:
655:
classified the thorntail stingray as "Not
Threatened" with the qualifier "Secure Overseas" under the
643:
372:
216:
623:
540:
408:
James
Douglas Ogilby originally described the thorntail stingray from four specimens collected off
50:
41:
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368:
239:
80:
65:
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351:. It has been known to gather in large groups during summertime. Like other stingrays, it is
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706:
475:
291:
226:
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576:
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137:
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375:, though the impact of such activities on its population is unknown. As a result, the
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1141:
Conservation status of New
Zealand chondrichthyans (chimaeras, sharks and rays), 2016
846:
782:
697:
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405:
70:
583:. Off New Zealand, both it and the short-tail stingray regularly fall prey to local
1242:
1097:
638:
584:
555:
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455:
420:, after which the species was named. His account was published a year later in the
344:
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17:
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Molecular data from 2012 has confirmed that this species is a population of the
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1147:. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation. p. 10.
554:
509:
499:
498:, and over reef flats. In Australia, it has been known to swim up
393:
364:
564:
330:
1175:
908:
Fishes of the
Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez)
751:(second ed.). Harvard University Press. pp. 439–440.
559:
Thorntail stingrays often rest on the bottom during the day.
1029:(1999). "Benthic foraging on stingrays by killer whales (
881:
Smith, J.L.B.; M.M. Smith & P.C. Heemstra (2003).
622:, many thorntail stingrays, short-tail stingrays, and
398:
A thorntail stingray at Green Island, New South Wales.
1184:
712:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T104071039A104072486.en
547:), another giant stingray that shares its range.
340:The diet of the thorntail stingray consists of
313:to a depth of 440 m (1,440 ft). This
377:International Union for Conservation of Nature
876:
874:
872:
870:
412:during the 1898 scientific expedition of the
363:("uterine milk") produced by the mother. The
8:
732:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1016:. Seafriends. Retrieved on January 7, 2010.
936:Field Guide to Australian Sharks & Rays
1172:
1008:
1006:
841:
839:
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225:
59:
40:
31:
1113:International Journal of Tourism Research
957:
955:
710:
824:Memoirs of the Australian Museum, Sydney
657:New Zealand Threat Classification System
929:
927:
910:. Koeltz Scientific Books. p. 31.
817:
815:
667:
747:Last, P.R. & J.D. Stevens (2009).
725:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
531:pattern into pavement-like surfaces.
7:
1318:a6ba17df-1bd8-4699-885b-fa12436e3ba8
1014:The mystery of the social sting rays
446:The thorntail stingray is found off
964:Reef Sharks & Rays of the World
783:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
698:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
486:species is commonly encountered in
1055:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00793.x
633:Thorntail stingrays are caught as
379:(IUCN) has listed this species as
25:
1367:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
938:. CSIRO Publishing. p. 64.
466:, as well as off Australia from
425:Memoirs of the Australian Museum
234:Range of the thorntail stingray
84:
966:. Sea Challengers. p. 86.
1:
27:Species of cartilaginous fish
749:Sharks and Rays of Australia
1393:
1377:Marine fish of New Zealand
1033:) in New Zealand waters".
705:: e.T104071039A104072486.
653:Department of Conservation
600:Echinocephalus overstreeti
1082:10.1007/s11230-006-9034-x
245:
238:
233:
224:
206:
199:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
849:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
442:Distribution and habitat
1070:Systematic Parasitology
987:Schwartz, F.J. (2008).
885:. Struik. p. 137.
863:. January 2010 version.
595:of this species is the
317:inhabits soft-bottomed
1012:Anthoni, J.F. (2007).
962:Michael, S.W. (1993).
772:Stevens, J.D. (2008).
606:like other stingrays.
560:
515:
399:
355:, with the developing
1035:Marine Mammal Science
604:aplacental viviparous
558:
513:
397:
359:sustained to term by
353:aplacental viviparous
934:Daley, R.K. (2002).
644:Recreational anglers
628:Myliobatis australis
624:Australian bull rays
373:recreational fishers
255:Dasybatus agulhensis
1047:1999MMamS..15..220V
906:Fricke, R. (1999).
551:Biology and ecology
541:short-tail stingray
494:, around rocky and
458:to Barra da Falsa,
51:Conservation status
35:Thorntail stingray
993:Smithiana Bulletin
883:Smiths' Sea Fishes
804:}}: old-form url (
610:Human interactions
561:
516:
422:scientific journal
400:
297:. It is found off
268:thorntail stingray
1354:
1353:
1326:Open Tree of Life
1230:Dasyatis_thetidis
1216:Dasyatis thetidis
1186:Dasyatis thetidis
1178:Taxon identifiers
853:Dasyatis thetidis
776:Dasyatis thetidis
758:978-0-674-03411-2
620:Western Australia
280:Dasyatis thetidis
276:longtail stingray
264:
263:
259:
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248:Dasyatis lubricus
210:Dasyatis thetidis
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18:Dasyatis thetidis
16:(Redirected from
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577:polychaete worms
476:Lord Howe Island
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192:D. thetidis
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545:D. brevicaudata
508:
472:New South Wales
448:southern Africa
444:
410:New South Wales
392:
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311:intertidal zone
299:southern Africa
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158:Myliobatiformes
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28:
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1119:(5): 331–346.
1103:
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1041:(1): 220–227.
1018:
1002:
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847:Froese, Rainer
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480:Norfolk Island
443:
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436:Broad stingray
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381:Data Deficient
315:bottom-dweller
272:black stingray
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258:Barnard, 1925
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201:Binomial name
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1031:Orcinus orca
1030:
1027:Visser, I.N.
1021:
996:
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791:. Retrieved
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728:cite journal
716:. Retrieved
702:
696:
690:
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632:
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589:Orcinus orca
588:
562:
544:
533:
521:pectoral fin
517:
470:to northern
456:South Africa
445:
433:
429:common names
424:
417:
401:
385:
339:
335:pectoral fin
279:
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271:
267:
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254:
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217:J. D. Ogilby
209:
207:
191:
190:
178:
144:Superorder:
29:
1264:iNaturalist
1210:Wikispecies
616:Hamelin Bay
591:). A known
581:conger eels
536:pelvic fins
506:Description
496:coral reefs
349:bony fishes
307:New Zealand
251:Smith, 1957
1361:Categories
1163:1042901090
793:January 7,
663:References
460:Mozambique
403:Australian
369:commercial
361:histotroph
295:Dasyatidae
168:Dasyatidae
134:Subclass:
66:Vulnerable
802:cite iucn
488:estuaries
468:Shark Bay
452:Algoa Bay
383:in 2008.
327:estuaries
309:from the
303:Australia
186:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
1372:Dasyatis
1282:10704121
1195:Wikidata
1090:16773474
999:: 41–52.
860:FishBase
830:: 2–132.
597:nematode
593:parasite
573:bivalves
529:quincunx
525:papillae
427:. Other
390:Taxonomy
365:venomous
321:such as
319:habitats
288:stingray
240:Synonyms
179:Dasyatis
164:Family:
148:Batoidea
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
1256:2419529
1201:Q141884
1098:2436786
1043:Bibcode
718:10 July
635:bycatch
492:lagoons
484:benthic
464:Réunion
414:trawler
357:embryos
342:benthic
323:lagoons
290:in the
284:species
282:) is a
174:Genus:
154:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
1344:212247
1331:471820
1315:NZOR:
1308:195295
1295:564335
1161:
1151:
1096:
1088:
970:
942:
914:
889:
755:
579:, and
500:rivers
418:Thetis
329:, and
305:, and
292:family
219:, 1899
1339:WoRMS
1277:IRMNG
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